Chapter 7 PSYCH 2000

Which of the following statements about algorithms is false? a) Algorithms cannot be used in everyday life. b) Algorithms are frequently used by computer programmers. c) Algorithms involve a step-by-step problem-solving formula. d) Algorithms are a problem-solving strategy.

a) Algorithms cannot be used in everyday life.

What is the Flynn effect? a) The idea that standard intelligence tests are flawed when they are used to compare ethnic groups. b) The observation that each generation has a significantly lower IQ than the previous generation. c) The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation. d) Once a person knows his IQ, he stops trying to excel academically.

c) The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. a) schema b) personality c) cognition d) targeting

c) cognition

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for? a) anchoring bias b) hindsight bias c) functional fixedness d) representative bias

c) functional fixedness

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ________. a) actions b) subconscious c) thoughts d) chemicals

c) thoughts

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Fluid intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it." a) The word "retrieve" should be changed to the word "practice." b) The word "acquired" should be changed to the word "practiced." c) The word "intelligence" should be changed to the word "intellect." d) The word "Fluid" should be changed to the word "Crystallized."

d) The word "Fluid" should be changed to the word "Crystallized."

Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another? a) language b) prototype c) concept d) schemata

a) language

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? a) semantics b) syntax c) language d) interpretation

a) semantics

The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme. a) psychology b) thump c) I d) syntax

c) I

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________. a) algorithm b) availability heuristic c) hindsight bias d) functional fixedness

b) availability heuristic

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias. a) hindsight b) confirmation c) anchoring d) representational

b) confirmation

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language. a) syntax b) phoneme c) morpheme d) audio

b) phoneme

A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept. a) amalgamation b) prototype c) unification d) schema

b) prototype

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________. a) sizing up a situation and acting accordingly b) think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem c) produce new products or ideas and invent novel solutions to a problem d) analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

d) analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence. Select one: a) crystallized b) analytic c) common sense d) fluid

d) fluid

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence. a) musical; linguistic b) intrapersonal; naturalist c) logical-mathematical; interpersonal d) interpersonal; intrapersonal

d) interpersonal; intrapersonal

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning. a) phoneme b) letter c) phonic d) morpheme

d) morpheme

Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________. a) availability heuristic b) confirmation bias c) stereotype bias d) representativeness bias

d) representativeness bias

Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ________. a) believed intelligence consisted of one general factor, called g b) developed Multiple Intelligences Theory c) divided intelligence into two components: crystallized and fluid d) developed triarchic theory of intelligence

c) divided intelligence into two components: crystallized and fluid

Someone with an IQ above 130 would be described as________. a) average b) below average c) gifted d) having an intellectual disability

c) gifted