Chapter 7: The News and Social Media

is the process whereby people secure information from sources that agree with them, reinforcing their beliefs.

selective exposure

process whereby people secure information from sources that agree with them, thus reinforcing their beliefs

selective exposure

Which three major networks aired evening news broadcasts in the early 1960s? a. ABC, NBC, CBS b. Fox, ABC, NBC c. PBS, Fox, ABC d. Fox, CBS, NBC

ABC, NBC, CBS

process whereby partisans interpret the same information differently

selective perception

The press concealed the health of which president, thereby preserving his public image? a. Theodore Roosevelt b. George Washington c. Thomas Jefferson d. Franklin Delano Roosevelt`

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Which president started his own newspaper in order to get his message out? a. George Washington b. Theodore Roosevelt c. James K. Polk d. Thomas Jefferson

James K. Polk

Which Supreme Court case limited the government's ability to suppress a news story? a. Gibbons v. Ogden b. Loving v. Virginia c. Near v. Minnesota d. McCulloch v. Maryland

Near v. Minnesota

In which Supreme Court case did the court require proof of actual malice in order to convict of libel? a. Gibbons v. Ogden b. Loving v. Virginia c. Near v. Minnesota d. New York Times v. Sullivan

New York Times v. Sullivan

supreme court test for libel of a public figure, in which the plaintiff must approve that the publisher knew the material was false or acted with reckless disregard for whether it was true or false

actual malice

By stressing certain issues, the media influence what the American public views as the most pressing concerns. This effect is called a. framing. b. agenda setting. c. muckraking. d. soft news.

agenda setting

ability of the media to affect the way people view issues, people, or events by controlling which stories are shown and which are not.

agenda setting

Which factor poses the biggest threat to the television evening news? a. the prominence of "technical difficulties" b. an aging audience c. a lack of qualified journalists d. a lack of hard news

an aging audience

Which form of media has enabled the average citizen to most easily express his or her views to a wider audience? a. television b. newspapers c. blogs d. radio

blogs

Who uncovered the Watergate scandal? a. Chet Huntley and David Brinkley b. Walter Cronkite c. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein d. Abbie Hoffman

bob woodward and carl bernstein

Which federal agency is in charge of regulating electronic media? a. Federal Communications Commission b. Consumer Financial Protections Bureau c. Federal Bureau of Investigations d. Department of the Interio

federal communication commission

series of essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay arguing for the ratification of the constitution; today a leading source of understanding the constitution

federalist papers

Which amendment governs freedom of press? a. Tenth b. First c. Eighth d. Fourth

first

When the Bush administration waged war in Afghanistan, the media emphasized the issue of fighting terrorism. This presented the war in a much more favorable light, which is an example of a. agenda setting. b. priming. c. framing. d. hard news.

framing

ability to the media to influence public perception of issues by constructing the issue or discussion of a subject in a certain way

framing

"Fireside chats" were most associated with which president? a. Franklin Roosevelt b. Ronald Reagan c. John Kennedy d. Abraham Lincoln

franklin roosevelt

The decline of newspaper readership might affect the public's exposure to a. hard news. b. yellow journalism. c. soft news. d. classified listings

hard news

political news coverage, traditionally found in the printed press, that is more fact-based, opposed to more interpretive narratives and commentary

hard news

The mass media help ensure government accountability and responsiveness by performing three important tasks: informing, ___________________, and interpreting the news

investigating

Since the 1990s, what has happened to newspaper readership? a. It has remained stable for both younger and older age groups. b. It has declined for both younger and older age groups. c. It has declined for younger age groups but has remained stable for older age groups. d. It has risen for older age groups but has declined for younger age groups.

it has declined for both younger and older age groups

publishing false and damaging statements about another person

libel

views sources, including newspaper, television, radio, and the internet, whose purpose is to provide a large audience with information about the nation and the world

mass media

view of the media's impact as marginal because most people seek news reports to reinforce beliefs already held rather than to develop new ones

minimal effects model

Which assessment of the 1960 debate between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy is considered correct? a. Most people watching on television or listening on the radio thought Nixon won. b. Most television watchers thought Nixon won, and most radio listeners thought Kennedy won. c. Most people watching on television or listening on the radio thought Kennedy won. d. Most television watchers thought Kennedy won, and most radio listeners thought Nixon won.

most television watchers thought Kennedy won, and most radio listeners thought Nixon won

journalistic practice of investigative reporting that seeks to uncover corruption and wrongdoing

muckraking

subset of the mass media that provides the news of the day, gathered and reported by jounalists

news media

view of the media's impact as substantial, occurring by agenda setting, framing, and priming

not-so-minimal effects model

newspapers sold for a penny, initiating an era in which the press began to rely on circulation and advertising for income and not on political parties

penny press

process whereby the media influence the criteria the public uses to make decisions

priming

extreme views of the media's role in society, arguing that the press serves the interest of the government only, driving what the public thinks about important issues

propaganda model

The popularity of __________________ has remained unchanged in the past decade as a medium of communication

radio

conduct or language that incites rebellion against the authority of a state

seditious libel

Facebook is an example of a(n) a. hard news aggregator. b. social networking site. c. infotainment program. d. blog.

social networking site

news stories focused less on facts and policies than on sensationalizing secondary issues or on less serious subjects of the entertainment world

soft news

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay published a series of articles in support of the Constitution that are known as a. Public Occurrences. b. The Federalist Papers. c. the Sentiments of Democracy. d. the Articles of Confederation.

the federalist papers

Which was a result of the Pentagon Papers Supreme Court decision? a. The government can prevent news stories by claiming publication would be detrimental to national security. b. The government had not met and would have needed to meet an extraordinary burden of proof for prior restraint. c. The media must submit controversial news stories to the courts prior to publication. d. No federal agencies can regulate electronic media, but they can regulate print media.

the government had not met and would have needed to meet an extraordinary burden of proof for prior restraint

Which model for interpreting public opinion asserts that the news media has only marginal influence on the public's thinking about politics? a. the agenda setting model b. the not-so-minimal effects model c. the minimal effects model d. the propaganda model

the minimal effects model

According to journalist David Broder, what is the main factor that contributes to bias in the media? a. the influence of large corporations b. the inability of journalists to recognize their own bias c. pressure from the government d. the speed with which journalists have to act

the speed with which journalists have to act

Who published the influential pamphlet, Common Sense, which attacked King George? a. Alexander Hamilton b. Samuel Adams c. Thomas Paine d. Daniel Shays

thomas paine

role of the press in monitoring government actions

watchdog

style of journalism in the late nineteenth century characterized by sensationalism intended to capture readers' attention and increase circulation

yellow journalism