Chapter 7: The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton
True or False: The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.
True
Ribs that have costal cartilage that attaches directly to the sternum are called
True Ribs
These cranial bones contain the organs of hearing and balance, and articulate with the mandible.
Temporal
These cranial bones form the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor.
Temporal
Which cranial bones are paired bones in the human skull?
Temporal and Parietal
The union of these two bones forms the zygomatic arch.
Temporal and Zygomatic
Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?
The Lumbar Region
With which ribs does the body of the sternum articulate?
The body of the sternum articulates directly or indirectly with ribs 2-10.
How does a rib articulate with a thoracic vertebra?
The facet on the head of a rib fits into a facet on the body of a vertebra, and the articular part of the tubercle of a rib articulates with the facet of the transverse process of a vertebra.
In what way is the hyoid bone different from all the other bones of the axial skeleton?
The hyoid bone does not articulate with any other bone.
Why are the lumbar vertebrae the largest and strongest in the vertebral column?
The lumbar vertebrae are the largest and strongest in the body because the amount of weight supported by vertebrae increases toward the inferior end of the vertebral column.
What is the distinctive functional feature of the mandible among all the skull bones?
The mandible is the only movable skull bone, other than the auditory ossicles.
Describe the orbits.
The orbits are formed of both facial and cranial bones.
What major bones are joined by (1) the squamous suture, (2) the lambdoid suture, (3) the coronal suture?
The parietal and temporal bones are joined by the squamous suture, the parietal and occipital bones are joined by the lambdoid suture, and the parietal and frontal bones are joined by the coronal suture.
Which bones form the posterior, lateral portion of the cranium?
The parietal bones form the posterior, lateral portion of the cranium.
What part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum? The medial walls of the orbits?
The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum, and the lateral masses compose most of the medial walls of the orbits.
Which curves of the adult vertebral column are concave (relative to the anterior side of the body)?
The thoracic and sacral curves of the vertebral column are concave relative to the anterior of the body.
Which vertebra does not have a body?
Atlas
The primary function of the transverse and spinal processes of vertebrae is
Attachment Site for Muscles
Which seven bones form the orbit?
Bones forming the orbit are the frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, and palatine.
Which bone is NOT visible from the anterior view of the skull?
Occipital
With which bones does the temporal bone articulate?
The temporal bone articulates with the mandible and the parietal, sphenoid, zygomatic, and occipital bones.
How many named bones are found in the adult human skeleton?
206
Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of ________.
Calcium, Phosphate, and Vitamin D
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which bone tissue is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?
Compact Bone
Bones in which area protect the brain.
Cranium
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.
Diaphysis
Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________.
Facets for Attachment of Ribs
True or False: Lordosis affects the thoracic vertebrae.
False
Which type of bone is the occipital bone?
Flat Bone
Which type of bone primarily provides protection and a large surface area for muscle attachment?
Flat bones protect underlying organs and provide a large surface area for muscle attachment.
Name the cranial bones.
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid.
Which bone of the axial skeleton does NOT articulate with any other bone?
Hyoid
Which condition is characterized by an increase in the thoracic curve of the vertebral column?
Kyphosis
Which type of bone is the femur?
Long Bone
Which condition is characterized by an increase or exaggeration of the lumbar curve of the vertebral column?
Lordosis
Which facial bones are unpaired in the human skull?
Mandible and Vomer
This facial bone articulates with teeth.
Maxillae
Name the facial bones
Nasal, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, vomer, maxillae, zygomatic, and mandible.
Name the facial bones
Nasal, maxillae, zygomatic, mandible, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, and vomer.
Which bones are a part of the appendicular skeleton?
Pectoral girdles, upper limbs, pelvic girdle bones, and lower limbs.
Which condition is characterized by a lateral bending of the vertebral column in the thoracic region?
Scoliosis
Which bones are a part of the axial skeleton?
Skull bones, hyoid, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, and thorax bones.
Which type of bones comprise the ankles and wrists?
Short Bone
Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death?
Strangulation
Which joint permits you to move your head to signify "no"? Which bones are involved?
The atlas moving on the axis at the atlanto-axial point permits the movement of the head to signify "no".
Which of the following structures are part of the axial skeleton, and which are part of the appendicular skeleton? Skull, clavicle, vertebral column, shoulder girdle, humerus, pelvic girdle, and femur.
The skull and vertebral column are part of the axial skeleton. The clavicle, shoulder girdle, humerus, pelvic girdle, and femur are part of the appendicular skeleton.
The two primary curves of the adult vertebral column are the
Thoracic and Sacral Curves
What is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus region of intervertebral discs?
To help absorb vertical shock to the spinal column