Chapter 7B
The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a t and an n produce words such as tan, ten, tin and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different a)morphemes b)prototypes c)phonemes
C) Phonemes
Marlene forgot to bring a pillow on the camping trip and never thought to use her down jacket as a pillow because of her __________. a)Confirmation bias b)Belief perseverance c)Functional fixedness
C) functional fixedness
When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of McDonalds. In this instance, McDonald's is a a)Mental Set b)Heuristic c)Prototype
C. Prototype
semantics
rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences
Confirmation Bias tendency is to
search for information that supports our perceptions
Insight
sudden comprehension(lightbulb)
Whorf's linguistic determinism Hypothesis emphasizes that
words shape the way people think
Algorithms
Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems
Heuristics
Simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently
Ken is tall, so people usually mistakenly assume that he is on the basketball team. This mistake best illustrates ________.
The Representative Heuristic
Language
The way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded
The earliest stage of speech development is called the ________ stage.
babbling
An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when they evidence proves us wrong is called
belief perseverance
research suggests that humans can most easily master the grammar of a second language during
childhood
components of creativity
expertise and a venturesome personality
Fixation
inability to take a new perspective on a problem
How many morphemes are in the word "bats"?
2
How many phonemes are in the word "bats"?
4
In testing thousands of different materials for use as lightbulb filaments, Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as a)The representativeness heuristic b)Trial and Error c)The confirmation bias
B. Trial and error
Prototype
Best example of a particular category
Cognition
Mental Activities Associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating
Stockbrokers think that they will be able to select stocks that outperform the market average due to their expertise because of _____.
Overconfidence
Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by
an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules.
Looking through picture books with children every morning to teach them words is doing what to help them learn language?
association
Experienced chicken sexers can tell you a chick's sex at a glance, yet cannot tell you how they do it. Their acquired expertise is such an automatic habit that it feels like __________.
intuition
The smallest speech units that carry meaning are called
morphemes
When Julie finally learns how to say "wada" whenever she wants a drink of water she is most likely in the _________ stage of speech.
one-word
Syntax
orderly arrangement of words into grammatically sensible sentences
Many people don't want to risk air travel because of 9/11, this illustrates the importance of __________.
the availability heuristic
Framing
the way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded.