Chapter 7B

The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a t and an n produce words such as tan, ten, tin and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different a)morphemes b)prototypes c)phonemes

C) Phonemes

Marlene forgot to bring a pillow on the camping trip and never thought to use her down jacket as a pillow because of her __________. a)Confirmation bias b)Belief perseverance c)Functional fixedness

C) functional fixedness

When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of McDonalds. In this instance, McDonald's is a a)Mental Set b)Heuristic c)Prototype

C. Prototype

semantics

rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences

Confirmation Bias tendency is to

search for information that supports our perceptions

Insight

sudden comprehension(lightbulb)

Whorf's linguistic determinism Hypothesis emphasizes that

words shape the way people think

Algorithms

Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems

Heuristics

Simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently

Ken is tall, so people usually mistakenly assume that he is on the basketball team. This mistake best illustrates ________.

The Representative Heuristic

Language

The way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded

The earliest stage of speech development is called the ________ stage.

babbling

An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when they evidence proves us wrong is called

belief perseverance

research suggests that humans can most easily master the grammar of a second language during

childhood

components of creativity

expertise and a venturesome personality

Fixation

inability to take a new perspective on a problem

How many morphemes are in the word "bats"?

2

How many phonemes are in the word "bats"?

4

In testing thousands of different materials for use as lightbulb filaments, Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as a)The representativeness heuristic b)Trial and Error c)The confirmation bias

B. Trial and error

Prototype

Best example of a particular category

Cognition

Mental Activities Associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating

Stockbrokers think that they will be able to select stocks that outperform the market average due to their expertise because of _____.

Overconfidence

Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by

an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules.

Looking through picture books with children every morning to teach them words is doing what to help them learn language?

association

Experienced chicken sexers can tell you a chick's sex at a glance, yet cannot tell you how they do it. Their acquired expertise is such an automatic habit that it feels like __________.

intuition

The smallest speech units that carry meaning are called

morphemes

When Julie finally learns how to say "wada" whenever she wants a drink of water she is most likely in the _________ stage of speech.

one-word

Syntax

orderly arrangement of words into grammatically sensible sentences

Many people don't want to risk air travel because of 9/11, this illustrates the importance of __________.

the availability heuristic

Framing

the way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded.