Chapter 8

As many as _____ percent of people with schizophrenia has a history of perinatal hypoxia.

30

The concordance rate of schizophrenia for monozygotic twins is _____ percent.

46

What percentage of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia commit suicide?

5 to 10

Which of the following best reflects the thinking of researchers in terms of the neurodevelopment of schizophrenia and the role of perinatal hypoxia?

A genetic predisposition for schizophrenia interacts with prenatal hypoxia to produce schizophrenia.

Which of the following is a description of the schizophrenia spectrum?

A set of disorders that share similarities with schizophrenia but are not as severe

In the _____ phase of schizophrenia, the symptoms must be consistently and actively present.

Acute

Tess, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, has no facial expression, cannot purposefully plan and execute actions, and is not interested in socializing with others. Which of the following terms best apply to Tess? (Select all that apply.)

Avolition Restricted affect Asociality

Which of the following had the perspective that symptoms of schizophrenia involve the "breaking of associative threads"?

Bleuler

Which of the following were historical treatments for schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

Brain surgery, electroconvulsive therapy, insulin coma therapy

Which of the following diagnoses is most likely when a person develops symptoms of psychosis that persist for more than a day, but they recover in less than a month?

Brief psychotic disorder

Which of the following two categories represent the highest risk of developing schizophrenia?

Children of two parents and the parents have diagnoses of schizophrenia, monozygotic twins when one of the twins has been diagnosed with schizophrenia

Mason's therapist is having him keep a diary of his experiences of hearing voices in an attempt to provide a reality check for Mason, who has a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Which perspective does his therapist's technique fall under?

Cognitive behavioral

A person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, when assessed neuropsychologically, may show deficiencies in intellectual ability, attention, memory, and processing speed. These are _____.

Cognitive deficits

Abdullah has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. When he discovers that the store across from his apartment is closing, he is certain that he caused the closure by not shopping there. What type of delusion is this?

Delusion of reference

Mary Jane, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, listens to her favorite radio program every day because she believes that the talk show host is sending her personal messages. Which type of delusion is this?

Delusion of reference

Astrid, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, is certain that her thinking is controlled by her aunt, who lives several blocks away from her. Which of the following delusions is Astrid having?

Delusion of thought insertion

A person diagnosed with ... disorder has delusions that have lasted for at least 1 month but has no other symptoms of schizophrenia.

Delusional

Which of the following diagnoses is most likely for a person who has delusions as his only symptom? These delusions have lasted for at least a month, and the person does not now and never has met the criteria for schizophrenia.

Delusional disorder

Which of the following are true?

Delusions can occur with bipolar disorder. Delusions can occur with depression.

Which of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Disorganized speech Delusions Hallucinations

People with schizophrenia can at times display:

Disorganized speech Disorganized thinking Problems caring for themselves

True or false: A person who is experiencing psychosis has contact with reality but has many odd beliefs.

False

True or false: Delusions occur only in people with schizophrenia.

False

True or false: People with diagnoses of schizophrenia generally do not suffer from cognitive deficits.

False

Family, twin, and adoption studies all indicate a ______ component to the transmission of schizophrenia.

Familial

The disorganized thinking of people with schizophrenia is often referred to as a ... thought disorder.

Formal

A delusion where a person believes he is a god is best characterized as a ... delusion.

Grandiose

Which of the following is a cognitive intervention for schizophrenia?

Helping people change demoralizing attitudes

Which of the following are components of the biological theories on schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

History of birth complications, structural and functional brain abnormalities, genetic transmission, prenatal exposure to viruses, neurotransmitter abnormalities

Which of the following are best classified as self-deceptions rather than delusions?

I might win the lottery. I will be a published author. I will qualify for the Olympics.

Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic family intervention for those diagnosed with schizophrenia?

Increasing the amount of expressed emotion

Harper was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. Her therapist has instructed her family in how to model appropriate communication behaviors so that Harper learns them. Which of the following best describes the type of intervention that the therapist is using?

It is a behavioral intervention

What was the most common result of the practice of utilizing insulin coma therapy to treat depression?

It rarely helped.

Which of the following are true of the community mental health movement?

It was initiated by President Kennedy, it involved hallway houses and group homes, it consisted of efforts to reintegrate the mentally ill back into their communities

Which of the following are true of the schizophrenogenic hypothesis?

It was put forward by early psychodynamic theorists. It stated that mothers caused schizophrenia. It has been discredited.

Which of the following theorists believed that underlying the disorder termed dementia praecox, which later became known as schizophrenia, was a disease process that caused the "weakening" of mental processes?

Kraepelin

What are behavioral interventions for schizophrenia?

Modeling appropriate behaviors, using operant conditioning principles, teaching family to reinforce good behavior

Which of the following are features of catatonia?

Not speaking Odd rigid or poses that may be held for a long time Lack of response to instructions

Which of the following terms is used to describe oxygen deprivation at birth or in the few weeks before or after birth?

Perinatal hypoxia

Malcolm has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He is quite certain that the FBI has tapped his phone and entered his mind. Which type of delusion is he most likely experiencing?

Persecutory

Which of the following type of delusion is most common in schizophrenia?

Persecutory delusions

What are the typical antipsychotics most effective in treating?

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Excess levels of dopamine in which part of the brain has been implicated in the development of schizophrenia?

Prefrontal cortex

If someone is unable to tell the difference between what is real and what is not, they are experiencing

Psychosis

The broad category of the mental illness known as includes disorders such as schizophrenia in which people experience a distorted perception of reality and impairment in thinking, behavior, affect, and motivation.

Psychosis

A diagnosis of ... disorder is made when a person has a mood disorder as well as psychotic symptoms.

Schizoaffective

Which of the following diagnoses is most appropriate for a person with a mood disorder and psychotic symptoms?

Schizoaffective disorder

Which of the following are psychotic disorders?

Schizoaffective disorder Schizophreniform disorder Schizophrenia

Which of the following best describes Bleuler's perspective on schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia involves the breaking of associative threads.

Visual hallucinations are the _____ type of hallucination.

Second most common

Even though schizophrenia is strongly linked to biological factors, factors influence its course.

Social

Research has found that more individuals with diagnoses of schizophrenia live in poorer sections of urban areas. The _____ _____ hypothesis interprets this finding to mean that the disorder drives people into poverty.

Social drift

The term ......... refers to the idea that a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia winds up being driven into poverty.

Social drift

A(n) _____ hallucination involves the perception that something is happening inside the person's body.

Somatic

Dexter has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, so his therapist develops which of the following interventions for his family?

The family is educated about the disease, the family will be assisted in developing coping mechanisms, culturally sensitive family communication will be encouraged

Which of the following are true of the atypical antipsychotics?

They are a newer class of drugs. They do not cause tardive dyskinesia. Clozapine is in this drug class.

Which of the following are true of the phenothiazines?

They were developed in the early 1950s, they block dopamine receptors, they are typical anti-psychotics

Which of the following are typical of self-deception but not typical of delusions?

Thoughts are likely to be wrong but are not impossible, the person acknowledged that he or she might be wrong, the thoughts might be considered occasionally

True or false: One potential reason people stop taking their antipsychotic medication is because they find the side effects intolerable.

True

True or false: The disorganized thinking of people with schizophrenia is often referred to as a formal thought disorder.

True

True or false: The majority of people with schizophrenia responds to typical antipsychotic medications.

True

Samuel has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents first knew something was wrong when he announced that he was an archangel in the service of the Angel Gabriel. The best description of this is it is _____.

a delusion

Monique, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, often reports smelling a burning smell, but the fire department and her family members do not smell it. The best description of this is _____.

a hallucination

In the ... phase of schizophrenia, the symptoms must be consistently and actively present for at least 1 month.

acute

Which of the following are cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques used with people with diagnoses of schizophrenia?

assisting in stress reduction, teaching coping skills, reduce preoccupation with symptoms

Which of the following hallucinations is the most common in psychotic disorders?

auditory

Research has shown that the life expectancy of a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is _____.

between 10 and 20 years shorter than that of people without schizophrenia

_____ theories hypothesize that schizophrenia has a genetic component, may be the result of structural and functional brain abnormalities, or may be the result of prenatal exposure to viruses.

biological

The term ... describes disorganized behavior that reflects unresponsiveness to the world.

catatonia

Melanie's psychologist is cognitive and will use what strategies for Melanie, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia...

changing demoralizing attitudes, giving education about the disorder

In the 1950s, an effective drug treatment for schizophrenia was introduced. It was _____.

chlorpromazine

Damien's family often remarks on how Damien uses language. He has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and might say something like "I will buy a sky high pie and cry." The best description of this is that it is

clang

Sandy has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She often says things like "Sky is blue like dew if you have a clue." This is an example of _____.

clang

A(n) ... in schizophrenia is a deeply entrenched false belief not consistent with the client's intelligence or cultural background.

delusion

The concordance rate for schizophrenia in ... twins is 14 percent.

dizygotic

Which neurotransmitter has long thought to play a role in schizophrenia?

dopamine

One of the earliest discoveries to emerge from neuroimaging methods was that the brains of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have... ventricles.

enlarged

An early discovery from neuroimaging brains of those diagnosed with schizophrenia was _____.

enlarged ventricles

Schizophrenia is strongly linked to biological factors, but there are a number of social factors that influence its course. Which of the following are these social factors? (Select all that apply.)

family influence, cross cultural perspectives, the effects of stress

Which of the following have given us information on genetic contributions to schizophrenia?

family studies, adoption studies, twin studies

Robert has recently been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He hears voices instructing him to run far away, but there is no one around, so this is a(n)

hallucination

The DSM-5 lists psychotic disorders that are similar to but not as severe as schizophrenia in what is referred to as the schizophrenia spectrum. They are listed _____.

in order of severity

An effective drug treatment for schizophrenia -- chlorpromazine -- was introduced _____.

in the 1950s

Chloe has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She has delusions and hallucinations, so her psychiatrist has prescribed a typical antipsychotic because _____.

it is effective in treating positive symptoms

A neologism describes a situation in which a person _____.

makes up words that mean something only to him or her

One problem in studying medication effectiveness is the lack of _____.

medication compliance

The historical schizophrenogenic hypothesis referred to _____.

mothers being the cause of schizophrenia in their children

Brandon has recently been diagnosed with schizophrenia, and his therapist notes that he is exhibiting restricted affect in that he is unable to take action or empathize with others. These symptoms are all _____.

negative symptoms

The term perinatal hypoxia refers to ... deprivation at birth or in the first few weeks before or after birth.

oxygen

Symptoms that a person experiences during the active phase of schizophrenia fall into a category described as ... because they represent overt expressions of unusual perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors.

positive

The ... phase of schizophrenia is the phase that occurs before the acute phase.

prodromal

What is the core diagnostic symptom of schizophrenia?

psychosis

One thing that schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, and schizophreniform disorder all have in common is that they are ... disorders.

psychotic

The DSM-5 uses a schizophrenia spectrum to classify ... disorders.

psychotic

The term brief ... disorder is a diagnosis that clinicians use when a person develops symptoms of psychosis that do not persist past a short period of time.

psychotic

Researchers have discovered that there is a connection between stress and the ... rate in schizophrenia.

relapse

After a person has experienced the acute phase of schizophrenia, they may enter the ... symptoms phase.

residual

Connie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She frequently exhibits negative symptoms such as _____. (Select all that apply.)

restricted affect avolition asociality

The schizophrenia ... is a continuum of psychotic disorders that are similar to but not as severe as schizophrenia.

spectrum

People diagnosed with schizophrenia are more likely to be born in the _____ months of the year.

spring

Researchers have discovered that a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is more likely to relapse if he or she experiences

stress

In the early 1950s, a class of drugs called _____ was discovered that calms agitation and reduces hallucinations and delusions in people with schizophrenia.

the phenothiazines

The DSM-5 refers to the schizophrenia spectrum, reflecting the fact that _____.

there are five domains of symptoms and their number, severity, and duration distinguish them from each other

Leslie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and believes that her thoughts are provided by the person in an air control tower near her house. This is an example of a delusion of

thought insertion

If you have a sibling who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, you are at greatest risk for the disease yourself if the sibling is _____.

your monozygotic twin