Chapter 8 Mastering A&P

Which of the following refers to a joint that is immovable? amphiarthrosis synarthrosis diarthrosis synovial

synarthrosis

Which of the following does NOT represent a structural classification of joints? fibrous cartilaginous synovial diarthrosis

Diarthrosis

ending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________. extension hyperextension flexion circumduction

hyperextension

Which joint in the body is most susceptible to sports injuries? elbow wrist shoulder knee

knee

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________. lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella

lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements

In a sprain, the ________ of a joint are stretched or torn. bones tendons muscles ligaments

ligaments

The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints. hinge plane pivot condyloid

plane

Pointing the toes is an example of ________. circumduction protraction plantar flexion pronation

plantar flexion

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true? In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present. Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses. Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. All synovial joints are freely movable.

All synovial joints are freely movable.

The shoulder and hip are examples of ________. hinge joints pivot joints condylar joints plane joints ball-and-socket joints

Ball-and-socket joints

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________. bursae ligaments tendons menisci

Bursae

Which of the following is one difference between bursae and tendon sheaths? Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons. Bursae serve as cushioning fat pads between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths reduce friction between adjacent structures. Bursae contain a thin film of synovial fluid, while tendon sheaths lack synovial fluid altogether. Bursae are only found in synovial joints, while tendon sheaths are only found in fibrous joints.

Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons.

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify the saddle joint of the skeleton. Interphalangeal joint of the finger. Carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges. Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Meatcarpophalangeal joint of the finger.

Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify the saddle joint of the skeleton. Interphalangeal joint of the finger. Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges. Meatcarpophalangeal joint of the finger.

Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids. T F

F

All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight. T F

F

Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa. T F

F

Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes T F

F

Pronation is a much stronger movement than supination. T F

F

Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility. T F

F

The origin of a muscle is attached to the movable bone. T F

F

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements. T F

F

he only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion. T F

F

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements? A)Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs. B)An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head. C)Gliding movements are multiaxial.

Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid? It contains lactic acid. It contains enzymes only. It contains hydrochloric acid. It contains hyaluronic acid.

It contains hyaluronic acid.

Which of the following is a correct statement about development of joints? All fibrous joints are in the adult form by the time of birth. Joints develop in parallel with bones. By the end of the fourth week, fetal synovial joints resemble adult joints. Joints develop independent of bone growth.

Joints develop in parallel with bones

Which type of joint allows opposition? pivot joint saddle joint condylar joint hinge joint

Saddle joing

Which joint has sacrificed stability to provide great freedom of movement? shoulder ankle elbow knee

Shoulder

The joint between the frontal and parietal bones is classified by material as a ________ joint.

Suture

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints? Gomphoses Synchondroses Syndesmoses Sutures

Synchondroses

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints? Syndesmoses Gomphoses Synchondroses Sutures

Synchondroses

Most joints of the body are classified as ________ joints. fibrous cartilaginous synovial immovable

Synovial

A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint. T F

T

A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint. T F

T

Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion. T F

T

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion. T F

T

Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint. T F

T

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction. T F

T

Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior. T F

T

Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior.. T F

T

Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris. T F

T

Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood. T F

T

The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints. T F

T

The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability. T F

T

The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint. T F

T

The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement. T F

T

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity. T F

T

Which of the following is a true statement? The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius. The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process. The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula. The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint.

The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.

Which of the following statements regarding the joints between the ribs and sternum is correct? All joints between the ribs and sternum are classified as synovial joints. The joints between the first ribs and sternum are synarthrotic; the joints between the other ribs and sternum are diarthrotic. This joint is labeled B in the figure. All joints between the ribs and sternum are classified as cartilaginous joints. The joints between the first ribs and sternum are synchondroses; the joints between the other ribs and sternum are symphyses.

The joints between the first ribs and sternum are synarthrotic; the joints between the other ribs and sternum are diarthrotic. This joint is labeled B in the figure.

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? They allow movement only in one plane. They occur only between bones with flat articular processes. They allow movement in several planes. They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

Using the structural classification, what type of joint is the epiphyseal plate? synarthrotic joint cartilaginous joint fibrous joint amphiarthrotic joint

cartilaginous joint

What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called? abduction dorsiflexion inversion adduction

abduction

Tendon sheaths ________. are lined with dense irregular connective tissue are extensions of periosteum act as friction-reducing structures help anchor the tendon to the muscle

act as friction-reducing structures

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to joint stability? amount of muscle tone applied to tendons that cross the joint amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity shape of the articulating surfaces number and positioning of reinforcing ligaments

amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________. synovial joints diarthroses amphiarthroses synarthroses

amphiarthroses

Extension is an example of a(n) ________ movement. rotational gliding angular nonaxial

angular

To realign an anteriorly dislocated Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a physician must push the mandible inferiorly and posteriorly in order to move the mandibular condyle past the temporal bone's ________. mandibular fossa articular tubercle articular capsule articular disc

articular tubercle

Which of the following is NOT a muscle of the rotator cuff? subscapularis muscle teres minor muscle biceps brachii muscle infraspinatus muscle supraspinatus muscle

biceps brachii muscle

Which of the following is NOT a structural feature of synovial joints? a fluid-filled joint cavity bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage reinforcing ligaments bone ends united by fibrocartilage

bone ends united by fibrocartilage

Fluid-filled fibrous sacs lined with a synovial membrane and occurring where ligaments, muscles, and tendons rub together are called ________.

bursae

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses? cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones joints that permit angular movements interphalangeal joints amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility

cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________. cruciate ligaments tibial collateral ligaments anterior ligaments patellar ligaments

cruciate ligaments

Which movement increases the angle between articulating bones? flexion adduction supination extension

extension

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________. feet hands arms hands and the feet

feet

If a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not properly repaired, the consequences could include the inability to prevent ________. medial rotation of an extended knee lateral rotation of an extended knee forward sliding of the tibia on the femur forward sliding of the femur

forward sliding of the tibia on the femur

Which type of movement occurs at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints? rotation uniaxial movement gliding movement opposition

gliding movement

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint. suture gomphosis synchondrosis syndesmosis

gomphosis

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint? hinge joint symphysis synchondrosis suture

hinge joint

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint? symphysis synchondrosis hinge joint suture

hinge joint

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________. fibrocartilage tendon sheaths synovial membranes hyaline cartilage

hyaline cartilage

The synovial membrane ________. covers and protects the articulating bone surfaces lines the inside of the fibrous joint capsule reinforces the joints so that the opposing bones are not pulled apart functions as a cushion between opposing bone

lines the inside of the fibrous joint capsule

Which inflammatory joint disease is caused by the bites of ticks that live on mice and deer? lyme disease bursitis gouty arthritis rheumatoid arthritis

lyme disease

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is (are) damaged as a result? suprapatellar oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligament arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate

medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint. nonaxial uniaxial biaxial multiaxial

multiaxial

Which of the following is CORRECTLY paired? uniaxial joint: permits only slipping or gliding movements nonaxial movement: no movement biaxial joint: permits movement in one plane and around one axis multiaxial movement: movement in all three planes and around all three axes

multiaxial movement: movement in all three planes and around all three axes

What is the most important stabilizing factor for most synovial joints? the shape of the articular surfaces the size of the reinforcing ligaments muscle tone synovial fluid

muscle tone

Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to keeping the articular surfaces of diarthroses in contact? structure and shape of the articulating bone strength and tension of joint ligaments arrangement and tension of the muscles number of bones in the joint

number of bones in the joint

When a person makes a pinching motion with their thumb and forefinger they are performing a movement called ________. A)dorsiflexion B)supination C)retraction D)opposition E)elevation

opposition

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched? osteoarthritis: chronic degenerative joint disease tendonitis: inflammation of the joint bursitis: urate crystals in the joint gout: inflammation of the tendons osteoarthritis: chronic degenerative joint

osteoarthritis: chronic degenerative joint disease

Which ligament would one tap to generate the knee-jerk reflex? patellar ligament tibial collateral ligament oblique popliteal ligament anterior cruciate ligament

patellar ligament

Synarthrotic joints ________. are cartilaginous joints permit essentially no movement are found only in adults have large joint cavities

permit essentially no movement

Synarthrotic joints ________. have large joint cavities permit essentially no movement are found only in adults are cartilaginous joints

permit essentially no movement

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________. are also called collateral ligaments attach to each other in their midportions prevent hyperextension of the knee tend to run parallel to one anoth

prevent hyperextension of the knee

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________. prevent hyperextension of the knee tend to run parallel to one another are also called collateral ligaments attach to each other in their midportions

prevent hyperextension of the knee

Synovial fluid does NOT ________. contain phagocytic cells reduce friction between the articular cartilages nourish the cartilage cells in the joint prevent the articulating bones from dislocating

prevent the articulating bones from dislocating

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________. form the synovial membrane provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints attach tendons produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis)

provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________. rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint common due to the weight bearing the hip endures rare because of the ligament reinforcement common in all people who are overweight

rare because of the ligament reinforcement

Which of the following movements does not increase or decrease the angle between bones? abduction circumduction extension rotation

rotation

Which of the following movements does not increase or decrease the angle between bones? extension abduction rotation circumduction

rotation

What are menisci? semilunar cartilage pads cavities lined with cartilage small sacs containing synovial fluid tendon sheaths

semilunar cartilage pads

Fibrous joints are classified as ________. pivot, hinge, and ball and socket sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular

sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________. syndesmosis suture gomphosis symphysis

symphysis

Which of the following are CORRECTLY paired? synchondrosis: a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones syndesmoses: bony edges interlock gomphoses: articulating bones are separated by a fluid containing cavity suture: bones connected exclusively by ligaments

synchondrosis: a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones

On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue? symphysis pivot synchondrosis syndesmosis

syndesmosis

People who grind their teeth are likely to damage their ________. temporomandibular joints glenohumeral joint tibiofemoral joint coxal joint

temporomandibular joints

Which of the following is not a part of the synovial joint? articular capsule articular cartilage joint cavity tendon sheath

tendon sheath

Functional classification of joints is based on ________. the location of the joint whether a joint cavity is present the amount of movement allowed by the joint the size of the joint

the amount of movement allowed by the joint

The MAIN contributors to hip joint stability are __________. the rotator cuff muscles the muscle tendons that cross the joint the bulky hip and thigh muscles surrounding the joint the deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments

the deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? the patellar ligament the lateral patellar retinacula the extracapsular ligament the medial patellar retinacula

the patellar ligament

An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________. between the vertebrae between the humerus and the glenoid cavity the radius and ulna along its length the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends

the radius and ulna along its length

Synovial joints are classified into six main categories based on ________. their location the shape of their articular surfaces the amount of synovial fluid found in the joint cavity their size

the shape of their articular surfaces