Chapter 8: Nutrition.

A state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished is termed

Malnutrition

Which two nutrients provide no usable calories for the body?

Minerals Vitamins

The chemicals found in food that are necessary for the body to function properly are called

Nutrients

complete proteins

Proteins containing all the essential amino acids; found only in soy and animal foods (meats and dairy products)

incomplete proteins

Proteins that are missing one or more of the essential amino acids; found in plant sources such as nuts and legumes

Many popular dietary supplements are not helpful and may even be harmful.

True

Cholesterol

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body. Builds up as plaque.

BMI (body mass index)

a measure of body weight relative to height

Pica

an abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances, such as dirt, paint, or clay that lasts for at least 1 month

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves

Which of the following protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by exposure to certain environmental and internal factors?

antioxidants

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

six classes of nutrients.

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

Rumination Disorder

repeated regurigitation, rechewing of food w/o the apparent nausea or disgust.

What type of fat are animal fats and stay solid at room temperature?

saturated fat

unsaturated fats

A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.

Vitamins

Essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but that are required for growth and proper functioning of the body. Derived from living things.

my plate guidelines

Factors such as age, gender, physical activity,

What term describes a food or beverage that has more vitamins and minerals in relation to its energy value?

Nutrient-dense

Proteins

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues e.g. muscles

Vitamins C and E

Types of antioxidants

Types of fat soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, K

The major role of carbohydrate is to provide the body with______.

energy

The body gets nutrients from______.

food

Trans fats are

man-made, the "bad" fat found in processed foods (ex. cookies)

causes of eating disorders

media, teasing/name calling, abuse, diets, desire to please others, anxiety, low self-esteem, family issues, a need for control

Which classes of nutrients provide the body with energy?

proteins carbohydrates lipids (fats)

binge eating disorder

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa

Minerals

solid, naturally occurring, inorganic (not living) substances such as rocks and soil

Complex carbohydrates are

starches

simple carbohydrates

sugars

Metabolism

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down food for energy

diet

the foods and beverages a person eats and drinks

fiber

A form of complex carbohydrates from plants that humans cannot digest

My Plate

A guideline, showing proportions, to help people choose what and how much to eat from each food group.

Calorie

A unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food

Since no natural food contains all the nutrients as they are needed by the body, _____ can help ensure the nutritional adequacy of a diet.

A wide variety of foods

Types of water soluable vitamins

B complex and C excess expelled through urine

essential vitamins

CANNOT be produced by the body and must be obtained through the diet