Chapter 8 The Appendicular Skeleton
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126
Sole of the Foot
5 bones called metatarsals. It forms the arches of the foot.
Spine
A large process on the posterior of the scapula
Olecranon Process
A large prominence we feel as the tip of the elbow
Pelvic Brim
A line from the sacral promontory to the upper part of the pubic symphysis.
Coracoid Process
A protruding projection on the anterior surface of the scapula
Ulna
Medial part of the forearm that widens proximally into the olecranon process.
Glenoid Cavity
Shallow concavity that articulates with the head of the humerus.
Medial and Lateral Epicondyles of the Femur
Sites on the femur for attachment of the knee muscles; above the femoral condyles
Shoulder
The area of upper limb attachment to the trunk. (Scapula, clavicle, humerus)
Medial and Lateral Condyles of the Tibia
The proximal end of the tibia articulates with the femur
Medial and Lateral Malleoli
The distal end of the leg bones form this of the ankle
Acromion
The flattened lateral portion of the spine of the scapula
Clavicle
An "S" shaped bone with a medial end that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum forming the sternoclavicular joint. The lateral end articulates with the acromion forming the acromioclavicular joint.
Appendicular Skeleton
Appendages to the central skeleton, which include the upper and lower limbs (including the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton)
Gluteal Tuberosity and Linea Aspera
Attachment sites for the large hip muscles.
Forearm
Between the elbow and the wrist
Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle
Bones include the scapula and the clavicle.
True Pelvis
Bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim.
Ischium
Constitutes the inferior and posterior part of the hip bone.
Foot
Distal to the ankle
Hand
Distal to the wrist (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)
Lower Limb
Divided into the gluteal region (the major bones forming the hip girdle), thigh, leg, and foot.
Each hip bone consists of 3 bones that fuse together:
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
Shoulder Joint
Incorporates the upper part of the humerus
Os Coxae
Joined posteriorly to the sacrum, and anteriorly to one another at the pubic symphysis (made of fibrocartilage)
Sacroiliac Joint
Joint which links the pelvic bone to the sacrum
Patella
Knee cap that is the largest and only named sesamoid bone in the body. A thick articular cartilage lines the posterior surface.
Male Pelvis
Larger, heavier, and more narrow than the female version. Has a smaller inlet and outlet. Has a pubic arch angle of less than 90 degrees.
Ilium
Largest of the three hip bones that forms the iliac crest. Consists of the acetabulum (the socket for the head of the femur) and the greater sciatic notch which allows passage of the sciatic nerve
Radius
Lateral part of the forearm that widens distally
False Pelvis
Lies above the pelvic brim. It contains no pelvic organs except the urinary bladder (when full) and the uterus during pregnancy.
Ankle or Taurus
Made up of 7 tarsal bones arranged to form the ankle mortise, heel, and arches.
Tibia
Medial bone of the leg that is the largest and bears all the weight. Articulates distally with the talus of the ankle and the fibula.
Humerus
Only bone in the arm with the head having two different projections
Palm
Part of the hand that has 5 metacarpal bones.
Wrist
Part of the hand which is made up of 8 carpal bones arranged in two rows.
Greater Tubercle
Projection of the humerus that lies more lateral
Lesser Tubercle
Projection of the humerus that lies more medial
Greater and Lesser Trochanters
Projections where large muscles attach.
Phalanges
Proximal phalanges, middle phalanges, and distal phalanges
Female Pelvis
Rounder, has a flared iliac crest, and a wider pelvic opening to assist childbirth compared to the male version. It also has a pubic arch angle of greater than 90 degrees and a more moveable pubic symphysis. Has a more flexible coccyx.
Pubis
The anterior and inferior part of the hip. It has superior and inferior rami and a body.
Femur
The longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the thigh, and in the entire body.
Distal end of Femur
The medial and lateral femoral condyles articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint. The femur also articulates with the patella.
Ankle Joint
The tibia and fibula articulate with the talus bone of the ankle to form this.
Scapula
Triangular shaped bone that's also called the shoulder blade
Interosseous Membrane
What connects the diaphysis of the radius and ulna and the tibia and fibula.
Thigh
Between the hip and the knee joint
Gluteal Region
Between the iliac crest and the hip joint
Leg
Between the knee and the ankle
Intertubercular Groove
Between the tubercles in the humerus
Proximal end of Femur
The head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone forming the hip (coxal) joint. The neck is a common site of fracture.
Calcaneus
The largest and strongest tarsal bone which forms the heel.
Ischial Tuberosity
The part that meets the chair when you are sitting (weight bearing)
Pelvic Axis
The path of childbirth during the first and second stages of labor.
Fibula
The smaller, laterally placed bone of the leg. It is non-weight bearing. The head forms the proximal tibiofibular joint. At the distal end, the lateral malleolus articulates with the tibia and the talus at the ankle.