Chapter 8 The Appendicular Skeleton

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

126

Sole of the Foot

5 bones called metatarsals. It forms the arches of the foot.

Spine

A large process on the posterior of the scapula

Olecranon Process

A large prominence we feel as the tip of the elbow

Pelvic Brim

A line from the sacral promontory to the upper part of the pubic symphysis.

Coracoid Process

A protruding projection on the anterior surface of the scapula

Ulna

Medial part of the forearm that widens proximally into the olecranon process.

Glenoid Cavity

Shallow concavity that articulates with the head of the humerus.

Medial and Lateral Epicondyles of the Femur

Sites on the femur for attachment of the knee muscles; above the femoral condyles

Shoulder

The area of upper limb attachment to the trunk. (Scapula, clavicle, humerus)

Medial and Lateral Condyles of the Tibia

The proximal end of the tibia articulates with the femur

Medial and Lateral Malleoli

The distal end of the leg bones form this of the ankle

Acromion

The flattened lateral portion of the spine of the scapula

Clavicle

An "S" shaped bone with a medial end that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum forming the sternoclavicular joint. The lateral end articulates with the acromion forming the acromioclavicular joint.

Appendicular Skeleton

Appendages to the central skeleton, which include the upper and lower limbs (including the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton)

Gluteal Tuberosity and Linea Aspera

Attachment sites for the large hip muscles.

Forearm

Between the elbow and the wrist

Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle

Bones include the scapula and the clavicle.

True Pelvis

Bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim.

Ischium

Constitutes the inferior and posterior part of the hip bone.

Foot

Distal to the ankle

Hand

Distal to the wrist (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)

Lower Limb

Divided into the gluteal region (the major bones forming the hip girdle), thigh, leg, and foot.

Each hip bone consists of 3 bones that fuse together:

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

Shoulder Joint

Incorporates the upper part of the humerus

Os Coxae

Joined posteriorly to the sacrum, and anteriorly to one another at the pubic symphysis (made of fibrocartilage)

Sacroiliac Joint

Joint which links the pelvic bone to the sacrum

Patella

Knee cap that is the largest and only named sesamoid bone in the body. A thick articular cartilage lines the posterior surface.

Male Pelvis

Larger, heavier, and more narrow than the female version. Has a smaller inlet and outlet. Has a pubic arch angle of less than 90 degrees.

Ilium

Largest of the three hip bones that forms the iliac crest. Consists of the acetabulum (the socket for the head of the femur) and the greater sciatic notch which allows passage of the sciatic nerve

Radius

Lateral part of the forearm that widens distally

False Pelvis

Lies above the pelvic brim. It contains no pelvic organs except the urinary bladder (when full) and the uterus during pregnancy.

Ankle or Taurus

Made up of 7 tarsal bones arranged to form the ankle mortise, heel, and arches.

Tibia

Medial bone of the leg that is the largest and bears all the weight. Articulates distally with the talus of the ankle and the fibula.

Humerus

Only bone in the arm with the head having two different projections

Palm

Part of the hand that has 5 metacarpal bones.

Wrist

Part of the hand which is made up of 8 carpal bones arranged in two rows.

Greater Tubercle

Projection of the humerus that lies more lateral

Lesser Tubercle

Projection of the humerus that lies more medial

Greater and Lesser Trochanters

Projections where large muscles attach.

Phalanges

Proximal phalanges, middle phalanges, and distal phalanges

Female Pelvis

Rounder, has a flared iliac crest, and a wider pelvic opening to assist childbirth compared to the male version. It also has a pubic arch angle of greater than 90 degrees and a more moveable pubic symphysis. Has a more flexible coccyx.

Pubis

The anterior and inferior part of the hip. It has superior and inferior rami and a body.

Femur

The longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the thigh, and in the entire body.

Distal end of Femur

The medial and lateral femoral condyles articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint. The femur also articulates with the patella.

Ankle Joint

The tibia and fibula articulate with the talus bone of the ankle to form this.

Scapula

Triangular shaped bone that's also called the shoulder blade

Interosseous Membrane

What connects the diaphysis of the radius and ulna and the tibia and fibula.

Thigh

Between the hip and the knee joint

Gluteal Region

Between the iliac crest and the hip joint

Leg

Between the knee and the ankle

Intertubercular Groove

Between the tubercles in the humerus

Proximal end of Femur

The head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone forming the hip (coxal) joint. The neck is a common site of fracture.

Calcaneus

The largest and strongest tarsal bone which forms the heel.

Ischial Tuberosity

The part that meets the chair when you are sitting (weight bearing)

Pelvic Axis

The path of childbirth during the first and second stages of labor.

Fibula

The smaller, laterally placed bone of the leg. It is non-weight bearing. The head forms the proximal tibiofibular joint. At the distal end, the lateral malleolus articulates with the tibia and the talus at the ankle.