Chapter 9: Antibiotics

After teaching a patient who is receiving doxycycline about the drug, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the patient states which of the following? a) "I will take the drug with an antacid to prevent an upset stomach." b) "I need to wear protective clothing when I'm out in the sun." c) "I should chew on gum and hard candies if my mouth gets sore." d) "I should limit the amount of fluids that I drink."

"I need to wear protective clothing when I'm out in the sun."

Beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, fight infection by inhibiting development of the causative bacteria. What specific component of bacterial development do these drugs affect? a) DNA replication b) Cell wall synthesis c) Protein synthesis d) Cell division

Cell wall synthesis

A client is receiving ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection. This drug is administered IV. During an infusion, the nurse notes fluid leaking into the tissue around the IV site. What is the best response of the nurse? a) Elevate the extremity. b) Administer pain medication. c) Increase the IV drip rate. d) Discontinue the IV.

Discontinue the IV.

A patient is allergic to penicillin and has been diagnosed with a genitourinary infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Which of the following medications will be administered? a) Erythromycin (Ery-Tab) b) Atazanavir (Reyataz) c) Flumazenil (Mazicon) d) Acamprosate calcium (Campral)

Erythromycin (Ery-Tab)

A patient with septicemia is administered cefotaxime sodium (Claforan). How is this medication excreted? a) It is excreted by the liver. b) It is excreted by the kidneys. c) It is excreted through the skin. d) It is excreted by the lungs.

It is excreted by the kidneys.

What is the rationale for not administering tetracycline (Sumycin) in children under the age of 8 years? a) It will increase the risk for future infections. b) It will increase the risk of heart failure. c) It will interfere with enamel development. d) It will not treat the infection.

It will interfere with enamel development.

Cephalosporins are structurally and chemically related to which classes of antibiotics? (Choose one) a) Penicillins b) Aminoglycosides c) Fluoroquinolones d) Tetracyclines

Penicillins

A 40-year-old man sought care because of several days of worsening otalgia that was accompanied by purulent discharge. He was subsequently prescribed Cortisporin Otic. The nurse should teach the patient that he should not exceed the maximum duration of treatment, which is how many days? a) 10 days b) 4 days c) 14 days d) 7 days

10 days

Beta-lactam antibacterial drugs, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, combat infection by binding to proteins in bacterial cell membranes. What does this binding produce? a) A cell with no wall b) A defective cell wall c) A cell with no membrane d) An impermeable cell wall

A defective cell wall

Tuberculosis typically affects the lungs but can also involve other parts of the body. Which of the following can be affected by the disease? a) Lymph nodes b) Gastrointestinal tract c) Kidneys d) All the above

All the above

The nurse is caring for a 62-year-old patient who has been prescribed gentamicin. The patient complains of difficulty hearing. What should the nurse do? a) Administer the dose and document the observation in the nursing notes. b) Administer the dose and report this information to the oncoming nurse at shift change. c) Hold the dose and notify the physician immediately. d) Administer the dose and then notify the physician.

Hold the dose and notify the physician immediately.

A nurse teaching the patient with tuberculosis (TB) should include the following information about ethambutol: a) It can cause optic neuritis. b) it can cause paralysis. c) It can increase risk for bleeding. d) It can cause urticaria.

It can cause optic neuritis.

Macrolides must be used with caution in clients who have which of the following conditions? a) Glaucoma b) Hypertension c) Liver dysfunction d) Diabetes mellitus

Liver dysfunction

Ms. Tom, age 24, is prescribed cefazolin for a sinus infection. After administration of the first dose of the medication, Ms. Tom complains of itching. Your nursing assessment reveals a rash over her torso; also, you note that she has a history of allergic reaction to penicillin. What would explain your findings? a) Ms. Tom is experiencing an allergic reaction caused by a cross-sensitivity reaction. b) Ms. Tom is experiencing a side effect from the medication. c) Ms. Tom is having an anaphylactic reaction and needs to be transferred to the ICU. d) Ms. Tom should be watched carefully during the next dose of the medication to ensure her symptoms do not become more severe.

Ms. Tom is experiencing an allergic reaction caused by a cross-sensitivity reaction.

You are administering erythromycin to one of your patients. For what common side effects should you monitor the patient? a) Urticaria and colitis b) Shortness of breath c) Headache, fever, and itching d) Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

A patient has just been diagnosed with TB. She is extremely upset and is asking questions concerning the medications she will have to take and how long she will have to take them. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? a) "Oh, please don't worry. Your doctor will explain everything to you." b) "We will discuss this when you are calmer." c) "You will take one drug for 1 month." d) "You will have multidrug therapy for 6 to 24 months."

You will have multidrug therapy for 6 to 24 months."

The ability of bacteria to produce substances that inactivate or destroy the antibiotic is known as which of the following? (Choose one) a) Bacterial resistance b) Bacterial shift c) Bacterial adaptation d) Bacterial evolution

acterial resistance

Aerobic bacteria need oxygen to survive. a) False b) True

true

In preparation for discharge, you are teaching a patient about his prescription for telithromycin. You instruct the patient to contact a health care provider if she experiences a) yellowing of the eyes or skin. b) increased appetite. c) leg pain. d) pale urine.

yellowing of the eyes or skin.

Which of the following are common adverse reactions to rifampin (Rifadin) that the nurse should share with the client? Select all that apply: a) Nausea b) Joint pain c) Vertigo d) Discoloration of body fluids e) Rash

• Discoloration of body fluids • Vertigo • Nausea • Rash