Chapter 9 Mastering Biology

Where does glycolysis occur?

Cytosol

What is not a net input or net output of acetyl CoA formation?

ADP, ATP, O2, glucose

How would anaerobic conditions (when no O2 is present) affect the rate of electron transport and ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation?

Both electron transport and ATP synthesis would stop

Select the correct statement about cellular respiration

Cellular respiration and breathing differ in that cellular respiration is at the cellular level, whereas breathing is at the organismal level.

What are the net outputs of the citric acid cycle?

Coenzyme A, CO2, NADH, ATP

What is not a net input or net output of oxidative phosphorylation?

Coenzyme A, pyruvate, glucose, acetyl CoA, CO2

In the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration, what is consumed and what is produced?

Glucose is consumed, and carbon dioxide is produced

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the

H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase.

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Inner mitochondrial membrane

A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but together these two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. What happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose?

It is stored in NADH and FADH2

Which of the following describes the process of glycolysis?

It represents the first stage in the chemical oxidation of glucose by a cell.

Where does acetyl CoA formation occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

What are the net inputs of glycolysis?

NAD+, ADP, glucose

What is a net output of oxidative phosphorylation?

NAD+, ATP, water

What are the net inputs of acetyl CoA formation?

NAD+, coenzyme A, pyruvate

What is a net input of oxidative phosphorylation?

NADH, ADP, O2

What are the net outputs of acetyl CoA formation?

NADH, acetyl CoA, CO2

What is not a net input or net output of glycolysis?

O2, acetyl CoA, CO2, coenzyme A

What is not a net input or net output of the citric acid cycle?

Pyruvate, O2, glucose

In cellular respiration, a series of molecules forming an electron transport chain alternately accepts and then donates electrons. What is the advantage of such an electron transport chain?

The advantage of an electron transport chain is that a small amount of energy is released with the transfer of an electron between each pair of intermediates.

Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP is correct?

The chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP requires that the electron transport in the inner mitochondrial membrane be coupled to proton transport across the same membrane.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of a metabolic pathway involved in cellular respiration?

The function of glycolysis is to begin catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, with a net yield of two ATP.

How will a healthy individual's ATP production change during an eight-hour fast?

The individual's ATP production will not change significantly

Which statement about the citric acid cycle is correct?

The last reaction in the citric acid cycle produces a product that is a substrate for the first reaction of the citric acid cycle.

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

The pH of the matrix increases.

What is the role of 02 in mitochondrial electron transport?

To function as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

The electrons stripped from glucose in cellular respiration end up in which compound?

Water

What are the net inputs of the citric acid cycle?

acetyl CoA, NAD+, ADP

In most cells, not all of the carbon compounds that participate in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are converted to carbon dioxide by cellular respiration. What happens to the carbon in these compounds that does not end up as CO2?

compounds are removed from these processes to serve as building blocks for other complex molecules.

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

glycolysis

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

oxygen

In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions

provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient.

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → Lactate + NAD+

pyruvate

What are the net outputs of glycolysis?

pyruvate, ATP, NADH

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during

the citric acid cycle.

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration?

transforming the energy in glucose and related molecules in a chemical form that cells can use for work

In the absence of oxygen, what is the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis?

two ATP