Chapter 9: nervous system
echoencephalography (EchoEG)
Process of recording brain structures by use of sound
A deficient supply of blood to the brain for a short time
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Which layer of the meninges forms web-like filaments
arachnoid mater
Nerve tracts carrying sensory information up the spinal cord to the brain
ascending tracts
Part of a neuron that conducts the electrical impulse towards its destination
axon
Nerve impulses described as efferent are
conveying away from the center
The peripheral nervous system is made up of the
cranial and spinal nerves
Part of a neuron that receives the impulse
dendrite
Nerve tracts carrying sensory information down from the brain to the spinal cord
descending tracts
Which part of the brain consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus?
diencephalon
tough outer layer of the meninges
dura mater
Inflammation of the dura mater
duritis
Which type of neuron carries impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and organs?
efferent
Record of the electrical impulses of the brain
electroencephalogram
Instrument used for recording the electrical impulses of the brain
electroencephalograph
Process of recording the electrical impulses of brain
electroencephalography
softening of the brain
encephalomalacia
Nervous disorder in which the patient experiences seizures
epilepsy
Polyneuritis is defined as inflammation of
many nerves
Area of the brain responsible for respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure
medulla oblongata
The three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord are called:
meninges
Inflammation of the membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord
meningitis
protrusion of meninges
meningocele
paralysis of one limb
monoplegia
Degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord is
multiple sclerosis
The insulating material found around a neuron
myelin
Cordlike structure that carries impulses within the body
nerve
Neuritis defined as inflammation of a
nerve
Which of the following is NOT a part of the brain?
nerve root
Radiculitis defined as inflammation of the
nerve roots
Neuroarthropathy means disease of the
nerves and joint
nerve weakness
neurasthenia
excision of a nerve
neurectomy
developing nerve cell
neuroblast
Cells that perform support functions for the neurons
neuroglial cells
surgical repair of a nerve
neuroplasty
suture of a nerve
neurorrhaphy
incision into a nerve
neurotomy
Chemical messengers that carry an electrical impulse across the gap between two neurons
neurotransmitters
neuralgia
pain in a nerve
The thin inner layer of the meninges
pia mater
Which layer of the meninges is applied directly to the surface of the brain?
pia mater
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
poliomyelitis
Specialty of the mind (Branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of mental disorders)
psychiatry
Study of the mind (a profession dealing with the mind and mental processes in relation to human behavior)
psychology
neuroid
resembling a nerve
Disease of brain and other organs, of children and adolescents, typically after a viral infection
reye syndrome
Inflammation of the nerve root, meninges, and spinal cord
rhizomeningomyelitis
incision into a nerve root
rhizotomy
neurolysis
separating a nerve (from adhesions)
Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and causes blisters on skin following nerves
shingles
Conductor of nerve impulses that initiates reflex reaction to sensory information without input from the brain
spinal cord
Meningomyelocele means that there is a protrusion through the vertebral column of the meninges and
spinal cord
The central nervous system is made up of the
spinal cord and brain
Space located between the arachnoid mater and pia layer
subarachnoid space
Blood tumor pertaining to below the dura mater
subdural hematoma
Space located between the dura mater and arachnoid layer
subdural space
The valleys separating the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum
sulci
The point at which two neurons meet
synapse
Which lobe of the cerebrum controls hearing and smell?
temporal
Part of the brain that serves as a center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum
thalamus
neuroma
tumor made up of nerve (cells)
A CSF containing cavity inside the brain itself
ventricle
Early senility, confusion, restlessness, and loss of recognition of familiar things
Alzheimer disease
Hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord (Lou Gehrig Disease) Steve Gleason
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Interruption of blood supply to the brain
Cerebrovascular accident
hyperesthesia
Excessive sensitivity (to stimuli)
Conveying toward a center
afferent
Which type of neuron carries impulses to the brain and spinal cord from the skin and sense organs?
afferent
The delicate middle layer of the meninges
arachnoid
Cerebral thrombosis
blood clot in the cerebrum
Encephalitis is defined as inflammation of the
brain
Encephalomyeloradiculitis means inflammation of the
brain, spinal cord, and nerve roots
Cerebellitis is defined as inflammation of the
cerebellum
Portion of the brain that is sometimes referred to as the hindbrain
cerebellum
Which part of the brain coordinates voluntary body movements and maintains balance?
cerebellum
aneurysm in the cerebrum
cerebral aneurysm
X-ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain
cerebral angiography
Condition characterized by a lack of muscle control and partial paralysis
cerebral palsy
Part of the brain responsible for thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language
cerebrum
largest portion of the brain
cerebrum
A group of nerve cells located outside the central nervous system
ganglion
excision of a ganglion
ganglionectomy
Gangliitis defined as inflammation of the
ganglions
The elevated portion of the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum
gyri
An increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
hydrocephalus
Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem?
hypothalamus