Chapter 9: nervous system

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echoencephalography (EchoEG)

Process of recording brain structures by use of sound

A deficient supply of blood to the brain for a short time

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Which layer of the meninges forms web-like filaments

arachnoid mater

Nerve tracts carrying sensory information up the spinal cord to the brain

ascending tracts

Part of a neuron that conducts the electrical impulse towards its destination

axon

Nerve impulses described as efferent are

conveying away from the center

The peripheral nervous system is made up of the

cranial and spinal nerves

Part of a neuron that receives the impulse

dendrite

Nerve tracts carrying sensory information down from the brain to the spinal cord

descending tracts

Which part of the brain consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus?

diencephalon

tough outer layer of the meninges

dura mater

Inflammation of the dura mater

duritis

Which type of neuron carries impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and organs?

efferent

Record of the electrical impulses of the brain

electroencephalogram

Instrument used for recording the electrical impulses of the brain

electroencephalograph

Process of recording the electrical impulses of brain

electroencephalography

softening of the brain

encephalomalacia

Nervous disorder in which the patient experiences seizures

epilepsy

Polyneuritis is defined as inflammation of

many nerves

Area of the brain responsible for respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure

medulla oblongata

The three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord are called:

meninges

Inflammation of the membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord

meningitis

protrusion of meninges

meningocele

paralysis of one limb

monoplegia

Degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord is

multiple sclerosis

The insulating material found around a neuron

myelin

Cordlike structure that carries impulses within the body

nerve

Neuritis defined as inflammation of a

nerve

Which of the following is NOT a part of the brain?

nerve root

Radiculitis defined as inflammation of the

nerve roots

Neuroarthropathy means disease of the

nerves and joint

nerve weakness

neurasthenia

excision of a nerve

neurectomy

developing nerve cell

neuroblast

Cells that perform support functions for the neurons

neuroglial cells

surgical repair of a nerve

neuroplasty

suture of a nerve

neurorrhaphy

incision into a nerve

neurotomy

Chemical messengers that carry an electrical impulse across the gap between two neurons

neurotransmitters

neuralgia

pain in a nerve

The thin inner layer of the meninges

pia mater

Which layer of the meninges is applied directly to the surface of the brain?

pia mater

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

poliomyelitis

Specialty of the mind (Branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of mental disorders)

psychiatry

Study of the mind (a profession dealing with the mind and mental processes in relation to human behavior)

psychology

neuroid

resembling a nerve

Disease of brain and other organs, of children and adolescents, typically after a viral infection

reye syndrome

Inflammation of the nerve root, meninges, and spinal cord

rhizomeningomyelitis

incision into a nerve root

rhizotomy

neurolysis

separating a nerve (from adhesions)

Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and causes blisters on skin following nerves

shingles

Conductor of nerve impulses that initiates reflex reaction to sensory information without input from the brain

spinal cord

Meningomyelocele means that there is a protrusion through the vertebral column of the meninges and

spinal cord

The central nervous system is made up of the

spinal cord and brain

Space located between the arachnoid mater and pia layer

subarachnoid space

Blood tumor pertaining to below the dura mater

subdural hematoma

Space located between the dura mater and arachnoid layer

subdural space

The valleys separating the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum

sulci

The point at which two neurons meet

synapse

Which lobe of the cerebrum controls hearing and smell?

temporal

Part of the brain that serves as a center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum

thalamus

neuroma

tumor made up of nerve (cells)

A CSF containing cavity inside the brain itself

ventricle

Early senility, confusion, restlessness, and loss of recognition of familiar things

Alzheimer disease

Hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord (Lou Gehrig Disease) Steve Gleason

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Interruption of blood supply to the brain

Cerebrovascular accident

hyperesthesia

Excessive sensitivity (to stimuli)

Conveying toward a center

afferent

Which type of neuron carries impulses to the brain and spinal cord from the skin and sense organs?

afferent

The delicate middle layer of the meninges

arachnoid

Cerebral thrombosis

blood clot in the cerebrum

Encephalitis is defined as inflammation of the

brain

Encephalomyeloradiculitis means inflammation of the

brain, spinal cord, and nerve roots

Cerebellitis is defined as inflammation of the

cerebellum

Portion of the brain that is sometimes referred to as the hindbrain

cerebellum

Which part of the brain coordinates voluntary body movements and maintains balance?

cerebellum

aneurysm in the cerebrum

cerebral aneurysm

X-ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain

cerebral angiography

Condition characterized by a lack of muscle control and partial paralysis

cerebral palsy

Part of the brain responsible for thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language

cerebrum

largest portion of the brain

cerebrum

A group of nerve cells located outside the central nervous system

ganglion

excision of a ganglion

ganglionectomy

Gangliitis defined as inflammation of the

ganglions

The elevated portion of the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum

gyri

An increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

hydrocephalus

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem?

hypothalamus


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