Chapter 9 / Nutrition
Elements in cytoplasm. (C.Hopkins Ca.fe makes good salt water)
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, iodine, nitrogen, sulfur, calcium, iron, magnesium, salt, water.
A waxy substance found in your body that is needed to produce hormones, vitamin D, & bile.
Cholesterol
_____________ are combinations of 2 incomplete proteins, that together, provide all the essential amino acids & make a complete protein. Ex. Rice & beans
Complementary foods.
Fats are organic compounds made up of a glycerol molecule & __________. The chemical composition of the carbon and hydrogen molecules that combine glycerol dertermine the type of _______.
Fatty acids
Carbohydrates called roughage. Soluble & insoluble. They help move particles down the digestive tract.
Fiber
_______________ are waterbinders between the fibers of the dermis.
Glycosaminoglycans
HDL's are good lipoproteins with _______ protein content.
High
Proper dietary choices help regulate _______ , ___________ & ___________________.
Hydration, oil production, & over all cell function.
A partner to carbon
Hydrogen
Blood glucose or blood sugar that drops too low, caused by too much insulin or low food intake.
Hypoglycemia
hardening of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
Fat soluable vitamins are in?
Fats w/in food
You get this from olive oil and canola oil. More fluid molecules and are important for cell integrity and membrane phospholipids.
Monounsaturated fats
The most important element in the body
Carbon
How many calories are in a gram of protein?
4
We need _____%carbs, ____%proteins & _____%fats in our diet?
54 , 20 , 26
____%of Americans are dehydrated
75%
How many calories are in one gram of fat?
9
Triglycerides make up ___% of fat intake?
95
Fat soluble vitamins are
A, D, E, K
Nutrients break down into _________________ [ADT] the substance that provides energy to cells.
Adenosine Triphosphate
What is a free radical?
An unstable atom
Protein decencies can cause?
Anemia, low resistance to infection & organ impairment.
Sources of proteins.
Animal meats, fish, eggs, dairy, nuts, grains & beans.
Glucose (glycogen) are in?
Animals
The skin is norished by the blood through the _________ & _________ in the circulatory system.
Arteries & Cappilaries
water soluble vitamins
B and C
Must abundant mineral in the body & most important. Combined with phosphorus it is the main ingredients in bones and teeth.
CA - Calcium
Minerals (CMPPS)
Calcium , magnesium , phosphorus, potassium sodium
The measure of heat units
Calories
The remaining 9 of 20 amino acids need to be in our diet because they ______ be synthesized.
Cannot
___________ break down the basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body. (Carbs)
Carbohydrates
The chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements.
Compounds
Sugar's made up of two sugars such as lactose & sucrose.
Disaccharides
A salt or iron in the blood or other bodily fluid that carries an electrical charge
Electrolytes
A pure substance made entirely of one type of atom.
Element
Biological catalysts made of protein and vitamins. They breakdown complex food molecules into smaller molecules to extract the energy from food.
Enzymes
Ways to have self care:
Excersize, hydrate, eat, balance fats, frequent fiber, regular massages
Found in red blood cells, & it delivers oxygen to cells.
FE - Iron
Knows as lipids, they are used as energy but not as readily as carbohydrates. They also help lubricants the skin.
Fats
Glass, metals, minerals are all examples of what?
Inorganic materials
A hormone that brings nutrients and glucose into cells and stores fat.
Insulin
Excess _______ triggers acne
Iodine
Trace mineral found in the form of iodide. Needed for production of hormones.
Iodine
Trace minerals ( IICCFSMZ )
Iron, iodine, copper, chromium, floride, selenium, manganese
Used in the cellular electrical level & aids in muscular movement , energy use and water balance.
K (Potassium)
What is the number one cause of day time fatigue?
Lack of water
An omega 6. And essential fatty acid used to make important hormones and maintain the lipid barrier of the skin. Ex. Sunflower, corn, soybean, flaxseed.
Lenoleic Acid
_________ are fats or fatlike substances used by the body to make hormones, create call membranes, & assist in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, A,D,E&K.
Lipids
LDL's Are known as?
Low density lipoprotein
VIP mineral in the body, works with calcium, essential in over 300 metabolic functions.
MG - magnesium
The basic building blocks necessary for bodily functions?
Macronutrients
Water soluble vitamins are in?
Many foods
Essential trace vitamins and minerals that we need for proper body functions.
Micronutrients
Inorganic naturally occurring materials required for many reactions in the cells and body.
Minerals
________________ are carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are good waterbinders.
Mucopolysaccharides
Essential to all living organisms
Nitrogen
Elements in skin. (NCHOPS)
Nitrogen, Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur.
11 of 20 common amino acids are called __________________ because they can be synthesized by the body and do not have to be in our diet.
Non essential amino acids
All bodily fluids including the building of tissues are directly related to ___________.
Nutrition
A good polyunsaturated fat that may decrease the likleyhood of cardiovascular disease by reducing Arteriosclerosis. Ex. Fish oil , walnuts, pumpkinseeds
Omega 3
Substances that contain carbon. Anything that was once alive.
Organic
Plastics , petroleum, fabrics and gasoline are all examples of what?
Organic materials
Needs this for life, energy & health
Oxygen
ATP converts ________ to ___________
Oxygen to carbon dioxide
The mineral that has the most responsibilities & is responsible for many body functions.
Phosphorus
Glucose (Starch) are in?
Plants
Carbohydrates that contain 3 or more simple carbohydrate molecules.
Polysaccharides
Liquid at room temp and are more easily oxidized. They are found in fish, corn, safflower and but oils.
Polyunsaturated fats
_____________ & _____________ need to be balanced
Potassium , sodium
_______ make collagen & elastin, muscle tissue, blood, enzymes, & keritan for the skin, hair and nails.
Proteins
_________ are chains of amino acid molecules that are used by every cell of the body to make other usable proteins.
Proteins
B vitamins
Riboflavin, thiamine, biotin, floacin niacin
An electrolyte material, helps keep the water and electrolyte balance in the body.
Salt
These are in processed foods,they have more ridged molecules and this can cause hardening of the arteries.
Saturated fats
3 types of fatty acids
Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated.
Table sugar, fruit & milk. (Sucrose, fructose, lactose)
Simple sugars
3 types of carbohydrates
Simple, starches, & fiber
Complex carbohydrates in vegetables & grains.
Starches
Mainly ransports oxygen and aids in cellular respiration, also helps keep hair, skin and nails healthy.
Sulfur
How do Antioxidants stop free radicles?
The lend and electron to the atom to make it stable.
Minerals that we only need small amounts of.
Trace minerals
These can increase the bad type of cholesterol in the blood known as low density lipoprotein.
Trans fats
What are the main fats in foods?
Triglycerides
USDA stands for what?
United States Department of Agriculture
Known as retinol, (Retin A) & stimulates collagen production.
Vitamin A
Known as absorbic acid, helps in healing, collagen maintenance & resistance to disease.
Vitamin C
Sunshine vitamin, helps the body properly absorb calcium.
Vitamin D
Known as tocopherol & is an antioxidant.
Vitamin E
Important for proper liver function & aids in blood coagulation.
Vitamin K
A group of organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition.
Vitamins
What nutrient can we not live without?
Water
What are the 3 macronutrients?
carbs, proteins, and fats
compounds that do not contain carbon
inorganic
Carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit.
monosaccharides
3 basic structural carbohydrate divisions?
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Insulin is produced by the
pancreas