Chapter 9 / Nutrition

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Elements in cytoplasm. (C.Hopkins Ca.fe makes good salt water)

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, iodine, nitrogen, sulfur, calcium, iron, magnesium, salt, water.

A waxy substance found in your body that is needed to produce hormones, vitamin D, & bile.

Cholesterol

_____________ are combinations of 2 incomplete proteins, that together, provide all the essential amino acids & make a complete protein. Ex. Rice & beans

Complementary foods.

Fats are organic compounds made up of a glycerol molecule & __________. The chemical composition of the carbon and hydrogen molecules that combine glycerol dertermine the type of _______.

Fatty acids

Carbohydrates called roughage. Soluble & insoluble. They help move particles down the digestive tract.

Fiber

_______________ are waterbinders between the fibers of the dermis.

Glycosaminoglycans

HDL's are good lipoproteins with _______ protein content.

High

Proper dietary choices help regulate _______ , ___________ & ___________________.

Hydration, oil production, & over all cell function.

A partner to carbon

Hydrogen

Blood glucose or blood sugar that drops too low, caused by too much insulin or low food intake.

Hypoglycemia

hardening of the arteries

arteriosclerosis

Fat soluable vitamins are in?

Fats w/in food

You get this from olive oil and canola oil. More fluid molecules and are important for cell integrity and membrane phospholipids.

Monounsaturated fats

The most important element in the body

Carbon

How many calories are in a gram of protein?

4

We need _____%carbs, ____%proteins & _____%fats in our diet?

54 , 20 , 26

____%of Americans are dehydrated

75%

How many calories are in one gram of fat?

9

Triglycerides make up ___% of fat intake?

95

Fat soluble vitamins are

A, D, E, K

Nutrients break down into _________________ [ADT] the substance that provides energy to cells.

Adenosine Triphosphate

What is a free radical?

An unstable atom

Protein decencies can cause?

Anemia, low resistance to infection & organ impairment.

Sources of proteins.

Animal meats, fish, eggs, dairy, nuts, grains & beans.

Glucose (glycogen) are in?

Animals

The skin is norished by the blood through the _________ & _________ in the circulatory system.

Arteries & Cappilaries

water soluble vitamins

B and C

Must abundant mineral in the body & most important. Combined with phosphorus it is the main ingredients in bones and teeth.

CA - Calcium

Minerals (CMPPS)

Calcium , magnesium , phosphorus, potassium sodium

The measure of heat units

Calories

The remaining 9 of 20 amino acids need to be in our diet because they ______ be synthesized.

Cannot

___________ break down the basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body. (Carbs)

Carbohydrates

The chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements.

Compounds

Sugar's made up of two sugars such as lactose & sucrose.

Disaccharides

A salt or iron in the blood or other bodily fluid that carries an electrical charge

Electrolytes

A pure substance made entirely of one type of atom.

Element

Biological catalysts made of protein and vitamins. They breakdown complex food molecules into smaller molecules to extract the energy from food.

Enzymes

Ways to have self care:

Excersize, hydrate, eat, balance fats, frequent fiber, regular massages

Found in red blood cells, & it delivers oxygen to cells.

FE - Iron

Knows as lipids, they are used as energy but not as readily as carbohydrates. They also help lubricants the skin.

Fats

Glass, metals, minerals are all examples of what?

Inorganic materials

A hormone that brings nutrients and glucose into cells and stores fat.

Insulin

Excess _______ triggers acne

Iodine

Trace mineral found in the form of iodide. Needed for production of hormones.

Iodine

Trace minerals ( IICCFSMZ )

Iron, iodine, copper, chromium, floride, selenium, manganese

Used in the cellular electrical level & aids in muscular movement , energy use and water balance.

K (Potassium)

What is the number one cause of day time fatigue?

Lack of water

An omega 6. And essential fatty acid used to make important hormones and maintain the lipid barrier of the skin. Ex. Sunflower, corn, soybean, flaxseed.

Lenoleic Acid

_________ are fats or fatlike substances used by the body to make hormones, create call membranes, & assist in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, A,D,E&K.

Lipids

LDL's Are known as?

Low density lipoprotein

VIP mineral in the body, works with calcium, essential in over 300 metabolic functions.

MG - magnesium

The basic building blocks necessary for bodily functions?

Macronutrients

Water soluble vitamins are in?

Many foods

Essential trace vitamins and minerals that we need for proper body functions.

Micronutrients

Inorganic naturally occurring materials required for many reactions in the cells and body.

Minerals

________________ are carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are good waterbinders.

Mucopolysaccharides

Essential to all living organisms

Nitrogen

Elements in skin. (NCHOPS)

Nitrogen, Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur.

11 of 20 common amino acids are called __________________ because they can be synthesized by the body and do not have to be in our diet.

Non essential amino acids

All bodily fluids including the building of tissues are directly related to ___________.

Nutrition

A good polyunsaturated fat that may decrease the likleyhood of cardiovascular disease by reducing Arteriosclerosis. Ex. Fish oil , walnuts, pumpkinseeds

Omega 3

Substances that contain carbon. Anything that was once alive.

Organic

Plastics , petroleum, fabrics and gasoline are all examples of what?

Organic materials

Needs this for life, energy & health

Oxygen

ATP converts ________ to ___________

Oxygen to carbon dioxide

The mineral that has the most responsibilities & is responsible for many body functions.

Phosphorus

Glucose (Starch) are in?

Plants

Carbohydrates that contain 3 or more simple carbohydrate molecules.

Polysaccharides

Liquid at room temp and are more easily oxidized. They are found in fish, corn, safflower and but oils.

Polyunsaturated fats

_____________ & _____________ need to be balanced

Potassium , sodium

_______ make collagen & elastin, muscle tissue, blood, enzymes, & keritan for the skin, hair and nails.

Proteins

_________ are chains of amino acid molecules that are used by every cell of the body to make other usable proteins.

Proteins

B vitamins

Riboflavin, thiamine, biotin, floacin niacin

An electrolyte material, helps keep the water and electrolyte balance in the body.

Salt

These are in processed foods,they have more ridged molecules and this can cause hardening of the arteries.

Saturated fats

3 types of fatty acids

Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated.

Table sugar, fruit & milk. (Sucrose, fructose, lactose)

Simple sugars

3 types of carbohydrates

Simple, starches, & fiber

Complex carbohydrates in vegetables & grains.

Starches

Mainly ransports oxygen and aids in cellular respiration, also helps keep hair, skin and nails healthy.

Sulfur

How do Antioxidants stop free radicles?

The lend and electron to the atom to make it stable.

Minerals that we only need small amounts of.

Trace minerals

These can increase the bad type of cholesterol in the blood known as low density lipoprotein.

Trans fats

What are the main fats in foods?

Triglycerides

USDA stands for what?

United States Department of Agriculture

Known as retinol, (Retin A) & stimulates collagen production.

Vitamin A

Known as absorbic acid, helps in healing, collagen maintenance & resistance to disease.

Vitamin C

Sunshine vitamin, helps the body properly absorb calcium.

Vitamin D

Known as tocopherol & is an antioxidant.

Vitamin E

Important for proper liver function & aids in blood coagulation.

Vitamin K

A group of organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition.

Vitamins

What nutrient can we not live without?

Water

What are the 3 macronutrients?

carbs, proteins, and fats

compounds that do not contain carbon

inorganic

Carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit.

monosaccharides

3 basic structural carbohydrate divisions?

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Insulin is produced by the

pancreas


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