Chapter 9 Reading

Vitamins provide ___ kcal/g.

0

What is a reasonable rate of weight loss per week?

1-2 pounds

Your goal is to fall within the AMDR guidelines by having 50% of your total energy intake (2000 kcal/day) come from carbohydrates. How many grams of carbohydrates would you need to consume daily to meet this goal?

250 g carbohydrates

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range in adults for carbohydrate is ___ of total energy intake.

45-65%

A good initial weight loss goal is typically to lose ___ of one's starting weight over a 6-month period.

5-10%

A very-low-fat diet provides about ___ of calories from fat.

5-10%

Losing only ___ of excess body weight can reduce risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes.

5-10%

The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of ___ of healthy people in a particular life stage/sex group.

50%

John consumes 2400 kcal/day for weight maintenance. He wants to meet the AMDR guideline for fat by having 30% of his total energy intake come from fat. How many grams of fat should he aim to consume on a daily basis?

80 g fat

Which changes to the digestive tract occur during the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure?

A segment of the small intestine is bypassed Stomach size is reduced to about 1.5 ouncesq

Which DRI is set when there is not enough information to determine the human requirements for a nutrient?

Adequate Intake (AI)

Which of the following bariatric procedures is reversible?

Adjustable gastric banding

Select factors that influence a person's nutrient requirements.

Age General health status Life cycle stage

Exposure to which conditions can destroy certain vitamins?

Air Excessive heat Alkaline conditions

Which of the following are considered low-carbohydrate diets?

Atkins diet "Keto" diet

How do we obtain minerals?

By drinking water that contains them By eating plants that contain them By eating animals that contain them

Select the minerals that are considered major minerals.

Calcium Magnesium

Match the macronutrient on the left with its AMDR on the right.

Carbohydrate <> 45-65% Protein <> 10-35% Fat <> 20-35%

What is a disease that interferes with fat absorption and can lead to deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins?

Cystic fibrosis

Which components are considered part of lifestyle?

Diet Physical activity

___ can be used in menu planning for groups of people and evaluating the nutritional adequacy of a population's diet.

Dietary Reference Intakes

Essential minerals are classified into two groups, major and trace minerals, based on which characteristic?

Dietary requirements for the mineral

Since the ___ only meets the needs of 50% of the population, it should not be used to judge the adequacy of your daily intake.

EAR

The ___ is used to establish an RDA.

EAR

The ___ takes into consideration a person's sex, life stage, height, weight, and physical activity level.

EER

Which high-quality protein sources could be substituted for more expensive meat items in order to save money?

Eggs Canned tuna

The average daily energy intake that meets the needs of a healthy person maintaining his or her weight is called the ___.

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Certain B vitamins participate in chemical reactions that release energy from which compounds?

Fatty acids Amino acids Glucose

Select factors that make very-low-fat diets difficult to follow for the long term.

Favorite high-fat foods like ice cream and meat are excluded Foods are not as tasty because fat contributes to the flavor and texture of foods

Which of the following health effects has been linked to losing just 5-10% of excess body weight?

Increased HDL cholesterol levels Lowered blood glucose levels Lowered blood pressure

___ is a dietary pattern that includes a day of fasting followed by a day of unrestricted, usual food intake.

Intermittent fasting

Which of the following are considered trace minerals?

Iron Zinc Copper

Which of the following are characteristics of a fad diet?

Limits food selection and requires specific food rituals Recommends buying expensive supplements Promotes rapid weight loss without calorie restriction or increased physical activity

Select the option that correctly describes minerals.

Minerals cannot be made by plants or animals

Which of the following are major functions of minerals?

Nerve impulse transmission Bone health Fluid balance

Individuals following a low-carbohydrate diet would greatly reduce consumption of which types of foods?

Pasta and cereal Fruits Breads

Choose the factors that are taken into account when calculating the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER).

Physical activity level Height Life stage

Mineral requirements general increase during which life stages?

Pregnancy Infancy Puberty

Select the situations in which vitamin needs increase and thus vitamin absorption also tends to increase.

Pregnancy Periods of growth

For which individuals would an intermittent fasting diet be contraindicated?

Pregnant women Diabetics People with eating disorders

Which of the following actions would help limit food costs without negatively affecting essential amino acid intakes?

Prepare meals that provide more plant proteins than animal proteins Reduce the serving size of animal sources of protein

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) can be used to help people in which of the following ways?

Prevent disease Achieve optimal health Reduce the risk of nutrient deficiencies and excesses

Choose examples of very-low-fat diets.

Pritikin diet "Eat More, Weigh Less" diet

Select tips to help conserve the vitamin content of fruits and vegetables.

Purchase fresh produce when it is in season Store canned foods in a cool place and use within one year

Choose the medications that are approved by the FDA for long-term use for weight loss.

Qsymia Belviq Orlistat

Which nutrient standard is set to meet the nutrient requirements for nearly all healthy individuals (97 to 98%) in a given life stage/sex group?

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Choose characteristics of fad diets.

Rely on testimonials from famous people Require the purchase of products that contain "secret" weight-loss ingredients

Which of the following are factors that influence a mineral's bioavailability?

Source of the mineral A person's need for the mineral

Which cooking methods best conserve the vitamin content of fresh or frozen vegetables?

Stir-frying Steaming Microwaving

Which statement best describes the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

The DRIs are an umbrella term for various energy and nutrient standards.

Which criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin?

The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health It occurs naturally in commonly eaten foods It prevents a specific deficiency disorder when consumed in adequate amounts

Select the statements that correctly describe the sleeve gastrectomy procedure.

The portion of the stomach that secretes ghrelin is removed during surgery It is an irreversible procedure

Select the statement that correctly describes medical experts' recommendations regarding dietary supplements for weight loss.

They do not recommend any dietary supplements for weight loss

___ minerals are required in amounts that are less than 100 mg/day.

Trace

What is an organic micronutrient that regulates certain processes in the body?

Vitamin

Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamin A Vitamin K Vitamin D

Select the option that correctly describes the use of weight-loss medications.

Weight-loss medication should be combined with reduced calorie intake and increased physical activity

Choose instances in which minerals are typically more bioavailable.

When breastfeeding When the body lacks adequate stores During periods of growth

What are some reasons buying food in bulk may not be the best choice?

You are not able to safely store the large quantity of food before it spoils You are unable to use all of the food before it spoils

There is generally ___ scientific evidence that supports claims of the effectiveness and long-term safety of dietary supplements for weight loss.

a lack of

The medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of obesity is ___.

bariatric medicine

The body's ability to absorb and use a nutrient such as a mineral is called ___.

bioavailability

The adjustable gastric banding procedure ___.

creates a small stomach pouch using an adjustable band

Buying produce that is ___ is typically a good way to reduce food costs.

currently in season

An AI is a dietary recommendation that is based on the ___.

daily intake of a nutrient that is assumed to be adequate

The ___ group is a good source of both calcium and phosphorus.

dairy

Convenience foods, such as those purchased from vending machines, conveniences stores, and fast food restaurants, are typically ___.

energy-dense

The practice of ___ can involve not eating or severely limiting food and calorie-containing beverages for a period of time.

fasting

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all ___ vitamins.

fat-soluble

A good way to save money is to routinely buy foods ___.

in bulk

Produce grown in the United States is usually ___ when purchased in season compared to out of season.

less expensive

Evaluation of your food choices and the amount of physical activity you get is necessary to make ___ changes.

lifestyle

Elements in the Earth's rocks, soils, and natural water sources that are required for our health are called ___.

minerals

Fluid balance, cellular metabolism, growth and development, and bone health are major functions of ___.

minerals

Convenience foods are generally ___ what it would cost for you to prepare it yourself.

more expensive than

Bariatric medicine is the medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of ___.

obesity

A loss of 1-2 pounds ___ would be considered a reasonable rate of weight loss.

per week

Age, sex, life cycle stage, and ___ all influence a person's nutrient requirements.

physical activity level

Fruits and vegetables are naturally good sources of ___.

potassium and magnesium

When desiring to lose excess body weight, it is important to first ___.

set a realistic weight-loss goal

During a(n) ___ procedure, the stomach is stapled to form a banana-shaped pouch that holds about 2 to 5 ounces of food, and the unused portion of the stomach is removed.

sleeve gastrectomy

A bariatric surgical procedure that involves reducing the stomach capacity to approximately the volume of one egg (1.5 oz) and bypassing part of the small intestine is _____.

the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Individuals following a low-carbohydrate diet usually see a rapid, initial weight loss due to ___ loss.

water