Chapter 9- The Digestive System
colonoscopy
an internal examination of the whole colon
reflux
backward flow
liver
bile synthesis and secretion
intrinsic factor
binds vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed in the small intestines
canker sores
mouth ulcers are known as
teeth
cut, grind, and crush food
laparoscopy
examination of contents of the abdomen
sigmiodoscopy
examination of the inside of a section in the colon
pandoscopy
examination of the inside of the esophagus, tomach, and upper duodenum
gastroscopy
examination of the inside of the stomach
ulcerative colitis
excessive inflammation and ulceration of the large intestine's lining producing bloody diarrhea, pain, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance
bile synthesis and secretion, detoxification of alcohol and drugs, storage of glucose and glycogen, synthesis of plasma proteins
functions of the liver
form the food into a bolus that can be easily swallowed, stimulate the sense of taste by the way of papillae on its surface, position food between teeth for chewing
functions of the tongue
stomach
gastric ulcers are peptic ulcers that occur in the ____________
enamel
hard-outer covering
jaundice
hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that causes ___________, a yellowing of the skin and sclera
pepsiogen
inactive form of pepsin secreted by chief cells
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
proctiitis
inflammation of the rectal lining
CF
inherited disease that produces thick mucus secretions
irritable bowl syndrome
large bowel disorder that presents with crampy pain, gas, bloating, constipation, constipation, and diarrhea
mandible
lower jaw bone
mucus
lubricates and protects the lining of the stomach
celiac disease
malabsorption of nutrients and chronic lung infections occur in ____________ ____________, a hereditary disease that causes abnormally thick mucus to be produced
dietitian
managers of food services who promote healthy living
tongue
manipulates food in preparation for swallowing
polyps
masses of tissue arising from the large intestine's wall that can be benign, precancerous, or cancerous
gastroenterologist
medical specialist in the study of the stomach and the intestines
proctologists
physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus
dentists
practitioners in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex
nutritionists
professionals who prevent and treat illness by promoting healthy eating habits
hiatal hernia
protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
GERD
regurgitation o stomach acid into the lower esophagus
water
salvia is mostly ___________
pancreas
secrete digestive enzymes
salivary glands
secrete saliva
teeth, tongue, salivary glands
What accessory organs of digestion found in or near the oral cavity?
To extract more nutrients from our food than we could without them
What does the normal flora in the large intestine (gut bacteria) enable us to do?
it is secreted in an inactive form called pepsinogen, it starts protein digestion in the stomach, it is converted from pepsinogen its inactive form by hydrochloric acid in the lumen of the stomach
What is true about pepsin?
hard and soft palate, uvula, tongue
What structures are found in the mouth?
1. mouth 2. pharynx 3. esophagus 4. stomach 5. small intestine 6. large intestine
What's the order of these structures in which food passes through them?
gastroenteritis
a "stomach bug" that causes acute, severe diarrhea and/or vomiting is ________________
gastrointestinal
a gastroenterologist treats what type of disorders?
gastrin
a hormone that stimulates gastric motility and secretion
HCI
acid that converts pepsinogen to pepsin, activates gastric lipase, and breaks down tough tissue in ingested food
HCl
aids in digestion
pulp cavity
central location of blood vessels and nerves
diverticulosis
condition of small pouches that bulge through weak spots in the lining of the large intestine
IBS
condition of the large intestine with symptoms of pain, gas, constipation, and diarrhea
hepatitis E is similar to hepatitis A, liver can be a primary cancer or it can be due to metastasis, Hepatitis C is the most common form of virus in the USA, Hepatitis B and C are both bloodborne illnesses that can be transmitted by contaminated needles
correct statements regarding liver disorders
periodontists
specialists in disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth
gallbladder
store, concentrate, and secrete bile
dysphagia
swallowing dysfunction
cardiac sphincter
the constriction at the lower end of the esophagus is called the _____________ _____________
mouth
the gateway to the digestive system is the _____________
mastication
the mechanical digestion that occurs in the mouth is called ______________
jejunum
the middle segment of the small intestine is the _______________
digestive system
the organ system responsible for indigestion of food, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of solid waste
pyloric sphincter
the ring of smooth muscle that regulates passage of chyme from the stomach from the stomach to the duodenum is the ____________ ____________
dentine
tissue that composes most of the tooth structure
maxilla
upper jaw bone
esophageal varices
varicose veins of the esophagus
HCV
virus that affects the liver
HSV-1
virus that causes cold sores