Chapter 9- The Digestive System

colonoscopy

an internal examination of the whole colon

reflux

backward flow

liver

bile synthesis and secretion

intrinsic factor

binds vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed in the small intestines

canker sores

mouth ulcers are known as

teeth

cut, grind, and crush food

laparoscopy

examination of contents of the abdomen

sigmiodoscopy

examination of the inside of a section in the colon

pandoscopy

examination of the inside of the esophagus, tomach, and upper duodenum

gastroscopy

examination of the inside of the stomach

ulcerative colitis

excessive inflammation and ulceration of the large intestine's lining producing bloody diarrhea, pain, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance

bile synthesis and secretion, detoxification of alcohol and drugs, storage of glucose and glycogen, synthesis of plasma proteins

functions of the liver

form the food into a bolus that can be easily swallowed, stimulate the sense of taste by the way of papillae on its surface, position food between teeth for chewing

functions of the tongue

stomach

gastric ulcers are peptic ulcers that occur in the ____________

enamel

hard-outer covering

jaundice

hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that causes ___________, a yellowing of the skin and sclera

pepsiogen

inactive form of pepsin secreted by chief cells

esophagitis

inflammation of the esophagus

proctiitis

inflammation of the rectal lining

CF

inherited disease that produces thick mucus secretions

irritable bowl syndrome

large bowel disorder that presents with crampy pain, gas, bloating, constipation, constipation, and diarrhea

mandible

lower jaw bone

mucus

lubricates and protects the lining of the stomach

celiac disease

malabsorption of nutrients and chronic lung infections occur in ____________ ____________, a hereditary disease that causes abnormally thick mucus to be produced

dietitian

managers of food services who promote healthy living

tongue

manipulates food in preparation for swallowing

polyps

masses of tissue arising from the large intestine's wall that can be benign, precancerous, or cancerous

gastroenterologist

medical specialist in the study of the stomach and the intestines

proctologists

physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus

dentists

practitioners in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex

nutritionists

professionals who prevent and treat illness by promoting healthy eating habits

hiatal hernia

protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm

GERD

regurgitation o stomach acid into the lower esophagus

water

salvia is mostly ___________

pancreas

secrete digestive enzymes

salivary glands

secrete saliva

teeth, tongue, salivary glands

What accessory organs of digestion found in or near the oral cavity?

To extract more nutrients from our food than we could without them

What does the normal flora in the large intestine (gut bacteria) enable us to do?

it is secreted in an inactive form called pepsinogen, it starts protein digestion in the stomach, it is converted from pepsinogen its inactive form by hydrochloric acid in the lumen of the stomach

What is true about pepsin?

hard and soft palate, uvula, tongue

What structures are found in the mouth?

1. mouth 2. pharynx 3. esophagus 4. stomach 5. small intestine 6. large intestine

What's the order of these structures in which food passes through them?

gastroenteritis

a "stomach bug" that causes acute, severe diarrhea and/or vomiting is ________________

gastrointestinal

a gastroenterologist treats what type of disorders?

gastrin

a hormone that stimulates gastric motility and secretion

HCI

acid that converts pepsinogen to pepsin, activates gastric lipase, and breaks down tough tissue in ingested food

HCl

aids in digestion

pulp cavity

central location of blood vessels and nerves

diverticulosis

condition of small pouches that bulge through weak spots in the lining of the large intestine

IBS

condition of the large intestine with symptoms of pain, gas, constipation, and diarrhea

hepatitis E is similar to hepatitis A, liver can be a primary cancer or it can be due to metastasis, Hepatitis C is the most common form of virus in the USA, Hepatitis B and C are both bloodborne illnesses that can be transmitted by contaminated needles

correct statements regarding liver disorders

periodontists

specialists in disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth

gallbladder

store, concentrate, and secrete bile

dysphagia

swallowing dysfunction

cardiac sphincter

the constriction at the lower end of the esophagus is called the _____________ _____________

mouth

the gateway to the digestive system is the _____________

mastication

the mechanical digestion that occurs in the mouth is called ______________

jejunum

the middle segment of the small intestine is the _______________

digestive system

the organ system responsible for indigestion of food, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of solid waste

pyloric sphincter

the ring of smooth muscle that regulates passage of chyme from the stomach from the stomach to the duodenum is the ____________ ____________

dentine

tissue that composes most of the tooth structure

maxilla

upper jaw bone

esophageal varices

varicose veins of the esophagus

HCV

virus that affects the liver

HSV-1

virus that causes cold sores