Linguistics 101 Quiz 7: Acquisition of Phonology

What does the article "What happens if you are raised without language?" say about the outcomes of deaf children who are raised without exposure to sign language at an early age? A) It makes no difference to a child's linguistic outcome when sign language is introduced. B) A deaf child's ability to learn basic words is dramatically affected by the age at which sign language is introduced. C) A deaf child's ability to learn grammar is dramatically affected by the age at which sign language is introduced.

C) A deaf child's ability to learn grammar is dramatically affected by the age at which sign language is introduced.

Young children regularly and systematically produce forms which are not present in the speech of adults, such as pronunciations like [mani] for <Mommy> or [tin] for <clean>, word forms like "runned" or "hitted," and sentences like "No you go store." What does this evidence suggest about how language is acquired? A) These facts support a straightforward imitation theory of acquisition. B) These facts support a correction and reinforcement theory of language acquisition. C) These facts argue against a simple imitation theory of language acquisition.

C) These facts argue against a simple imitation theory of language acquisition.

Here is a representative sample of a young child's linguistic output. What stage of language development is this child in? [bibibi] [dodo] [gagagaga] A) vegetative noises B) cooing and laughter C) babbling D) first words

C) babbling

A two-year old child pronounced the word on the left as transcribed on the right. Indicate which phonetic processes have applied. <light> [waɪt] A) deletion B) stopping C) gliding D) place assimilation E) voice assimilation

C) gliding

Which of the following facts are problematic for the Correction and Reinforcement theory of language acquisition? A) In one study, only 25% of children's ungrammatical utterances were recast in grammatical form. B) Children's grammatical sentences are recast as often as their ungrammatical ones are. C) Adult corrections of children's speech seem to be mostly focused on truth value, not on grammatical correctness. D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Here is a representative sample of a young child's linguistic output. What stage of language development is this child in? [ka] 'car' [mama] 'Mama' [po] 'phone' A) vegetative noises B) cooing and laughter C) babbling D) first words

D) first words

A two-year old child pronounced the word on the left as transcribed on the right. Indicate which phonetic processes have applied. <teddy> [dɛdi] A) deletion B) stopping C) gliding D) place assimilation E) voice assimilation

E) voice assimilation

According to this same video, how does exposure to a sign language at a young age affect oral speech development in deaf children who are given cochlear implants? A) Children who are exposed to sign language at an early age are more proficient in oral speech development, as compared to deaf children who are not exposed to signing at an early age. B) Children who are exposed to sign language at an early age experience delays in oral speech development, as compared to deaf children who are not exposed to signing at an early age. C) No difference is observed between children in the two groups.

A) Children who are exposed to sign language at an early age are more proficient in oral speech development, as compared to deaf children who are not exposed to signing at an early age.

A two-year old child pronounced the word on the left as transcribed on the right. Indicate which phonetic processes have applied. Choose ALL that apply. <grapes> [beɪps] A) deletion B) stopping C) gliding D) place assimilation E) voice assimilation

A) deletion D) place assimilation

A two-year old child pronounced the word on the left as transcribed on the right. Indicate which phonetic processes have applied. Choose ALL that apply. <spoon> [bun] A) deletion B) stopping C) gliding D) place assimilation E) voice assimilation

A) deletion E) voice assimilation

Here is a representative sample of a young child's linguistic output. What stage of language development is this child in? (cries) (burps) (cries some more) A) vegetative noises B) cooing and laughter C) babbling D) first words

A) vegetative noises

Studies comparing the perception of bilabial stops with varying Voice Onset Times (VOT) in infants from English-speaking and Thai-speaking environments have shown that: A) 12 month old infants from English-speaking environments behave like Thai-speaking adults in their ability to perceive sound contrasts. B) 12 month old infants from Thai-speaking environments behave like Thai-speaking adults in their ability to perceive sound contrasts. C) 12 month old infants from Thai-speaking environments behave like English-speaking adults in their ability to perceive sound contrasts.

B) 12 month old infants from Thai-speaking environments behave like Thai-speaking adults in their ability to perceive sound contrasts.

What does the article "What happens if you are raised without language?" say about how the age at which a child is rescued from a language deprivation situation affects their linguistic development? A) Children rescued after age three are able to learn sign language, but cannot learn to speak. B) Children rescued after about age nine learn only a few words, or no language at all. C) Age does not affect the linguistic outcome; as long as children are provided with intensive linguistic therapy, they can develop normal linguistic abilities at any age.

B) Children rescued after about age nine learn only a few words, or no language at all.

Studies comparing the perception of bilabial stops with varying Voice Onset Times (VOT) in English speaking adults and infants have shown that: A) Adults can perceive differences that six month old infants cannot. B) Six month old infants can perceive differences that the adults cannot. C) Twelve month old infants can perceive differences that the adults cannot.

B) Six month old infants can perceive differences that the adults cannot.

In the "Myth-busting" video about ASL from Gallaudet University, what did you learn about how spoken and signed languages are processed in the brain? A) Due to their different linguistic modalities, spoken languages and signed languages are processed in different parts of the brain. B) Spoken languages and signed languages are spoken in the same part of the brain. C) Exposure to a signed language at an early age damages auditory brain tissue.

B) Spoken languages and signed languages are spoken in the same part of the brain.

Here is a representative sample of a young child's linguistic output. What stage of language development is this child in? (giggles) (squeals) [uuuuuuu] [mmmmmmm] A) vegetative noises B) cooing and laughter C) babbling D) first words

B) cooing and laughter

A two-year old child pronounced the word on the left as transcribed on the right. Indicate which phonetic processes have applied. <zoo> [du] A) deletion B) stopping C) gliding D) place assimilation E) voice assimilation

B) stopping