Chem 100, Pre-Lecture Ch.13

(A)Identify the type of interactions involved in each of the following processes taking place during the dissolution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water. (B)Five different substances are given to you to be dissolved in water. Which substances are most likely to undergo dissolution in water? (C)Classify the substances according to the strongest solute-solvent interaction that will occur between the given substances and water during dissolution.

(A)-Solvent-solvent interactions:interactions between the water molecules & interactions involving dipole-dipole attractions. -Solute-solute interactions:interactions involving ion-ion attractions & interactions between the ions of sodium chloride. -Solute-solvent interactions:interactions formed between the sodium ions and the oxygen atoms of water molecules & interactions formed during hydration. (B)-Sodium Bromide, NaBr -Methanol, CH3OH -Potassium Iodide, KI (C)-Ion-dipole forces:CaCl2;CuSO4 -Hydrogen Bonding:CH3OH;HF

(A)25.0 mL of a 6.0 M HNO3 stock solution is diluted using water to 100 mL. How many moles of HNO3 are present in the dilute solution? (B)How many mL of a 14.0 M NH3 stock solution are needed to prepare 200 mL of a 4.20 M dilute NH3 solution? (C)The four following concentrated solutions are each diluted with water to form 200 mL of a dilute solution. Which solution, once diluted to 200 mL, will have the largest concentration?

(A)0.15 moles (B)60.0 mL (C)80.0 mL of a 0.2 M NaOH solution.

(A)How many milliliters of 0.112 M Na2CO3 will completely react with 27.2 mL of 0.135 M HNO3 according to the reaction: 2 HNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g) + 2 NaNO3(aq) (B)A 25.0-mL sample of HNO3 solution requires 35.7 mL of 0.108 M Na2CO3 to completely react with all of the HNO3 in the solution. What is the concentration of the HNO3 solution? (C)Consider the reaction: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaOH(aq) + H2O(l) How much 0.113 M NaOH solution will completely neutralize 1.25 L of 0.228 M HCl solution? Express your answer in liters to three significant figures. (D)Determine the volume of 0.150 M NaOH solution required to neutralize each sample of hydrochloric acid. The neutralization reaction is: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) -25 mL of a 0.150 M HCl solution -55 mL of a 0.055 M HCl solution -175 mL of a 0.885 M HCl solution

(A)16.4 mL (B)0.308 M (C)2.52 L NaOH solution (D)0.025, 0.02, 1.03

(A)Calculate the mass percent of a solution that is prepared by adding 40.2 g of NaOH to 416 g of H2O. Express your answer numerically. (B)Calculate the mass percent of a NaCl solution in which 147 g of NaCl is dissolved in 4.69 L of water at 25 ∘C (density = 0.997 g/mL). Express your answer numerically.

(A)8.81%(m/m) (B)3.05%(m/m)

(A)Watch the animation, then check off the samples that will conduct electricity. (B)A student tests four solids for their ability to complete an electrical circuit when dissolved in water by observing their ability to close a circuit containing a light bulb and obtains the following results: (C)The student is told that one of the four solids tested is actually aluminum chloride,AlCl3. Which of the solids could be AlCl3?

(A)NaCl solution (B) B-B/c a dim light was emitted. (C) A & D-B/c they emitted bright lights.

Calculate the molarity of a solution made by putting 55.8 g of NaNO3 into a beaker and diluting to 2.50 L. Express your answer to three significant figures including the appropriate units.

0.263 M

Like stoichiometry involving mass quantities, stoichiometry involving solutions always includes _____________.

mole to mole ratios

Molarity is the relationship between ___________.

moles of solute and liters of solution

Which dangerous gas was responsible for the deaths of more than 1700 people at Lake Nyos in Cameroon, West Africa?

Carbon dioxide

Which of the following best describes a mixture that has the same composition throughout?

Solution

Which of the following happens when solid sodium chloride dissolves in water?

The attractive forces between the sodium and chloride ions are overcome by the attractive forces between the water and the sodium and chloride ions.

Why does the dilution equation, M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2, work?

The dilution equation works because the number of moles remains the same.

Which of the following relationships is known as Henry's law?

The higher the pressure above the liquid, the more soluble the gas is in the liquid.

Which dangerous gas was responsible for the deaths of more than 1700 people at Lake Nyos in Cameroon, West Africa?

carbon dioxide (this question was asked twice)

Properties that depend only on the number of particles in solution and not on the type of solute particle are called __________ properties.

colligative

Mass percent of the solution is the relationship between __________.

mass of solute and mass of solution

Which of the following is a colligative property?

osmotic pressure

Which of the following best describes a mixture that has the same composition throughout?

solution