Nutrition Final 4&5

According to MyPlate, Chloe should consume 2½ cups of vegetables daily. After eating 1½ cups of cooked carrots, string beans, and broccoli, she decided to fulfill the USDA's recommendation for daily servings of vegetables by drinking some vegetable juice. Based on this information, Chloe should drink ________ of the juice.

1 cup

Alyssa is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 132 pounds. Using the simple "rule of thumb" method, what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

1296 kcal

While at a party, Jenna drank 24 ounces of beer and 10 ounces of wine. Based on this information, her alcohol consumption was equivalent to ________ standard alcoholic drinks.

4

Which of the following statements is true?

According to MyPlate, fats and oils are not a food group.

Milk, eggs, poultry, meat, and pork are poor sources of vitamin B-12.

False

Marc was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much niacin cures pellagra, the niacin deficiency disease. During the study, he consumed only a formula diet that was deficient in niacin. After developing pellagra, he was given 2 mg of niacin a day for 2 weeks, but he still suffered from the disease, so the scientists added 2 mg of the vitamin to Marc's formula. By the beginning of the 5th week of the study, the researchers noticed that Marc's signs and symptoms were greatly improved. At the end of the 5th week, he was feeling fine. The researchers concluded that

Marc's niacin requirement was about 4 mg a day.

While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as ________.

NEAT

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the ________ for the vitamin.

RDA

Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?

Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

Waist circumference of 43 inches

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ________ of the nutrient to its EAR.

a "margin of safety" amount

William takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level, and he recommends the pills to his friends, because he thinks the supplement is helpful. William's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an) ________.

anecdote

proteins_____

are composed of amino acids

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

brain

Which of the following foods is a good dietary source of beta-carotene?

brocoli

A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men. His study design involves enrolling 250 men who have stomach cancer and 250 men who are cancer-free but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer. The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle. Based on this information, what kind of study is the researcher conducting?

case control

Including exercise in your daily routine can reduce your risk of ________.

certain cancers

Brett is an athlete whose carbohydrate intake is inadequate. He wants to restore his glycogen stores quickly after performing vigorous physically activity. Which of the following foods is often recommended for athletes such as Brett?

chocolate milk

According to one of the selected messages of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ________ should be consumed in amounts that are as low as possible while following a healthy diet.

cholesterol

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain?

cohort

Which of the following home-canned foods should never be tasted before boiling it for at least 10 minutes?

corn kernels

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________.

decrease her usual daily energy intake

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

dehydration

The ________ prohibits food manufacturers from adding a new compound to food that causes cancer.

delaney clause of the food additives amendment

Lynne consumes 6 ounces of a beverage that supplies 63 kcal from alcohol. To determine how many grams of alcohol are in that amount of the beverage, she should ________.

divide 63 by 7

Sam wants to estimate the grams of carbohydrate in a sugar-sweetened soft drink that supplies 100 kcal/serving. The soft drink contains no fiber, protein, fat, and alcohol. To obtain this value, he should ________.

divide the number of kcal by 4

A scientist discovers a chemical in certain rocks that kills bacteria when it is mixed with sterile water in a test tube. She cannot market extracts that contain this chemical as a dietary supplement, because it ________.

does not contain dietary ingredients

Members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________ to maintain the weight they have lost.

eat breakfast daily

After a natural disaster, it is safe to drink water from a car's radiator.

false

The Nutrition Facts panel provides information concerning amounts of seven essential amino acids in a serving of food.

false

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome may include ________.

following a low-FODMAP diet

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?

fortified dairy products

The starch in oatmeal and wheat is composed of ________ molecules.

glucose

In the body, certain lipids ________.

help maintain cell membranes

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that ________.

helps form DNA

Which of the following pesticides kills weeds?

herbicide

Consuming a high-sodium diet can increase the risk of ________.

hypertension

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of ________.

hypertension

The body constantly loses water through the skin as a result of ________ perspiration.

insensible

________ is a mineral nutrient.

iron

Bethany consumes a very-low-carbohydrate diet that supplies less than 100 g of carbohydrate daily, but she eats high amounts of meat and fat. As a result of her diet, Bethany's cells form more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

How can you tell if a food has been irradiated to preserve it?

look for the radura symbol on the package

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. Most of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds, but there is a double bond between the number 9 and 10 carbons in the chain. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) ________ fatty acid.

monosaturated

Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tuna. She should read the ________ on each product's label.

nutrition facts panel

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of ________.

osteoporosis

A person who does not produce intrinsic factor will develop ________.

pernicious anemia

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are _______.

placebos

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons. Most of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain are connected by single bonds, except there is a double bond between the number 3 and 4 carbons as well as the number 9 and 10 carbons. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a ________ fatty acid.

polyunsaturated

Duncan was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, he was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, animal protein, purified water, and corn starch. Within a few weeks, Duncan developed patches of scaly skin on his arms and legs and bald spots on his head. When ________ was added to his formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared.

polyunsaturated fat

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

raw apple

In the human body, water is involved in ________.

regulating body temperature

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of ________ ions.

sodium

When the concentration of ________ in tissue fluid is too high, intracellular water moves into the extracellular fluid compartment.

sodium ions

Which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality protein?

soy milk

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?

stair stepping

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

starch

In general, a woman's risk of osteoporosis increases after menopause.

true

Leptin is a hormone that reduces hunger.

true

People can die from pellagra.

true

A ________ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein.

virus

When following recipes, Candice wants to use a type of fat that is not a solid fat. Which of the following fats should she use?

walnut oil