CHEM 1035 Final Exam Study Guide - Virginia Tech
oxidation number group 1A
+1
oxidation number hydrogen
+1 with nonmetals -1 with metals or boron
oxidation number group 2A
+2
oxidation number fluorine
-1
oxidation number group 7A
-1
oxidation number oxygen
-1 in peroxides -2 in other compounds except F
pH =
-log [H+]
pOH =
-log [OH-]
oxidation number of elements
0
oxidation number of compund
0 or polyatomic ion charge
pH + pOH
14
1 atm = ___ mm Hg = ___ Torr
760
elements that can have incomplete octets
Be and B
Stronger than dispersion forces, only present in polar substances, attraction between oppositely charges ends of polar molecules
Dipole-dipole forces
Very strong dipole force, only exist in compounds where H is covalently bonded to O, N, or F, due to high electronegativity difference in H and O, N, or F
Hydrogen bonds
dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole
Intermolecular forces in order on increasing strength
Intermolecular forces between 2 different substances, between an ion and a polar molecule, attraction between oppositely charged ends of polar molecule and positive/negatively charged ion
Ion-dipole forces
[H+][OH-] = 1*10^-14
Kw =
Weakest forces, exist in all substances, only force in non-polar substances, form temporary dipoles
London or Dispersion forces
= nRT
PV
1 oC and 1 atm
STP
C2H3O2 -
acetate
k decreases if
activation energy increases
NH4 +
ammonium
hybridization occurs in
bonded atoms
CO3 2-
carbonate
1*10^-2
centi
Oxidation number of monoatomic ion
charge of ion
ClO3 -
chlorate
ClO2 -
chlorite
CrO4 2-
chromate
gas to liquid
condensation
CN -
cyanide
1*10^-1
deci
Surface tension _____ with increasing temperature
decreases
Vapor pressure ____ with stronger intermolecular forces
decreases
Viscosity _____ with increasing temperature
decreases
condensation(vap), freezing(fus), and deposition(subl)
delta H is negative
sublimation(subl), vaporization(vap), and melting(fus)
delta H positive
(molar mass*P) / (R*T)
density
gas to solid
deposition
Cr2O7 2-
dichromate
the movement of one gas through another
diffusion
the movement of gas particles through a pinhole
effusion
liquid to solid
freezing
Hydrogen bonded substances have ____ boiling points
high
OH -
hydroxide
ClO -
hypochlorite
Dipole-dipole forces ____ with increasing molar mass
increase
Dispersion forces ____ with increasing molar mass
increase
increase in surface tension ___ reaction rate
increase
The strength of hydrogen bonds _____ when ____ H-bonding sites are present
increase, more
more H-bonding sites
increased H-bond strength
Boiling point ____ with increasing atmospheric pressure
increases
For substances with the same type of intermolecular forces the boiling point __ with increasing molar mass
increases
Surface tension ____ with stronger intermolecular forces
increases
Vapor Pressure ___ with increasing temperature
increases
Viscosity _____ with stronger intermolecular forces
increases
Increasing molar mass causes _____ strength dispersion forces.
increasing
Surface tension increases with ____ intermolecular forces
increasing
bond energy increases with ___bond order
increasing
bond length decreases with ___bond order
increasing
vapor pressure increases with ____ temperature
increasing
viscosity increases with
increasing forces
surface tension decreases with
increasing temperature
Vapor pressure increases with [2 things]
increasing temperature and decreasing forces
Viscosity decreases with [2 things]
increasing temperature and decreasing forces
Boiling Point is dependent on
intermolecular forces and atmospheric pressure
Surface tension is dependent on [2 things]
intermolecular forces and temperature
Vapor pressure is dependent on
intermolecular forces and temperature
Viscosity is dependent on
intermolecular forces and temperature
1*10^3
kilo
Boiling point is ____ when intermolecular forces are weak
low
1*10^6
mega
solid to liquid
melting
Hg2 2+
mercury(I)
1*10^-6
micro
1*10^-3
milli
EN < 0.4
mostly covalent
delta EN > 1.7
mostly ionic
1*10^-9
nano
NO3 -
nitrate
NO2
nitrite
EN = 0
non-polar covalent
C2O4 2-
oxalate
mole ratio * total pressure
partial pressure
ClO4 -
perchlorate
MnO4 -
permanganate
O2 2-
peroxide
PO4 3-
phosphate
0.4 < delta EN < 1.7
polar covalent
The ____ the intermolecular forces the higher the boiling point
stronger
solid to gas
sublimation
SO4 2-
sulfate
SO3 2-
sulfite
k increases if
temperature increases
sum of partial pressures
total pressure
Boiling point is the point where
vapor pressure overcomes atmospheric pressure
liquid to gas
vaporization
Real gases: The volume of gas particles are not equal to ___.There ___ attractive forces
zero; are slight
