Chem final (exams 1-4)

Lewis dot structure for chlorine

. . : c : .

Because of the high heat and humidity in the summer in Death Valley, California, a hiker requires about 1 quart of water for every two miles traveled on foot. If the density of water is 0.999 g/ml at 45°C, how many kilograms of water are required for a person to walk 30 kilometers in Death Valley? (1L = 1.0567 qt; 1km = 0.62317 mi) a. 8.8 kg b. 70kg c. 350 kg d. 700 kg e. 8.8 x 103 kg

A. 8.8 kg

Which of these statements best explains the designation "organic"? a. Any naturally occurring substance b. Any substance which contains carbon c. Any substance which contains ionic bonds. d. Any substance which is formed by synthetic means. e. A substance which must be formed as a result of vitalism.

Any substance which contains carbon

Which of these statements is true? (Exam 1) a. Gases are compressible and have variable shape. b. Gases are incompressible and have variable shape. c. Gases are compressible and have a fixed shape. d. Gases are incompressible and have a fixed shape.

Gases are compressible and have variable shape

Nonmetals tend to gain/lose electrons to form ions of positive/negative charge

Gain electrons, negative charge

Which type of radioactive emission has the highest penetrating power? a. Electrons b. Beta particle c. Alpha particle d. Gamma rays e. Neutrons

Gamma rays

Which of these is the primary fuel source for our body? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Lactose d. Starches e. Fats

Glucose

Which of these substances is a covalent compound? I.CaO II.H2O III.PF3 IV.CH4 a. I and II b. II and III c. II and IV d. II, III, and IV e. II only

H2O, PF3, and CH4

Which of these minerals is a primary component in hemoglobin? a. Iodine b. Magnesium c. Sodium d. Iron e. Chromium

Iron

Nuclear chemistry involves changes a. Within the nucleus b. Of valence electrons c. In bond number d. Of inner electrons e. In photons

Of valence electrons

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons/ electrons/ neutrons but a different number of protons/ neutrons/ electrons

Protons, neutrons

Which of these statements about an atom is incorrect? a. The number of protons equals the number of electrons b. The number of protons equals the atomic number c. The number of protons equals the number of neutrons d. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom

The number of protons equals the number of neutrons

Arrange these spectral regions in order of increasing wavelength. (infrared, radio waves, ultraviolet, visible) a. Radio waves < infrared<visible<ultraviolet b. Radio waves<visible<infrared<ultraviolet c. Ultraviolet<infrared<visible<radio waves d. Ultraviolet<visible<infrared<radio waves e. Infrared<radio waves<ultraviolet<visible

Ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio waves

How many protons neutrons and electrons are in 25Mg+2 ion? a. 12 protons, 12 electrons, 13 neutrons b. 12 protons, 10 electrons, 12 neutrons c. 13 protons, 10 electrons, 12 neutrons d. 12 protons, 10 electrons, 13 neutrons e. 12 protons, 14 electrons, 13 neutrons

d. 12 protons, 10 electrons, 13 neutrons

For an ionic compound, X2Y5, if the charge on each Y ion is -2, the charge on each X ion is: a. -2 b. -5 c. -10 d. +10 e. +5

+5

How many joules of energy are in a candy bar reading 250 Calories? a. 1.05 J b. 59.8 J c. 1045 J d. 5.98 x 104 J e. 1.05 x 106 J

1.05 x 10^6 J

What is the total number of electrons which can occupy the first and second principal energy levels (n=1, n=2)? a. 2 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10 e. 18

10 (D)

Determine the mass in grams of 1.15 x 1023 atoms of cobalt. a. 0.191 grams b. 5.23 grams c. 11.2 grams d. 12.4 grams e. 308 grams

11.2 grams

How many grams of nitrogen dioxide are required to produce 260 grams of nitrogen monoxide? 3NO2 + H2O a. b. c. d. e. -🡪 2HNO3 + NO 8.67 grams 56.52 grams 132 grams 399 grams 1196 grams

1196 grams

In P^3- what are the correct number of protons and electrons

15 protons, 18 electrons

Nicotine has the chemical formula C10H14N2. What is the molecular weight of nicotine? a. 26 amu b. 81 amu c. 138 amu d. 162 amu e. 366 amu

162 amu (D)

An element has two naturally occurring isotopes. One has an abundance of 37.4% and an isotopic mass of 184.953 amu. The other has an abundance of 62.6% and a mass of 186.956 amu. What is the atomic weight of the element? a. 185.702 amu b. 185.954 amu c. 186.207 amu d. 186.956 amu e. 190.234 amu

186.207 amu

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred is known as the _____. a. 1st law of thermodynamics b. 2nd law of thermodynamics c. 3rd law of thermodynamics d. Law of heat conservation e. Law of entropy conservation

1st law of thermodynamics

How many lone pairs of electrons are around the central atom in H2O? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4

2 (C)

What is the coefficient in front of sodium nitride when the equation is balanced? __ Na3H -----🡪 ___ Na(s) + ___ N2(g) a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4

2 (C)

Calculate the number of moles in a 25.0 g sample of carbon. a. 2.08 moles b. 13.0 moles c. 300 moles d. 1.51 x 1025 moles e. 3.33 x 10-3 moles

2.08 moles

Determine the number of moles in a 1.95 x 10-2 gram sample of the amino acid glycine, CH2(NH2)CO2H. a. 2.6 x 10-4 moles b. 2.6 x 10-2 moles c. 1.46 moles d. 2.0 x 10-2 moles e. 3.85 x 10-1 moles

2.6 x 10^-4 moles

Calculate the mass in grams of 1.070 moles of acetylene, C2H2. a. 0.02434 grams b. 0.04415 grams c. 14.98 grams d. 25.68 grams e. 27.82 grams

27.82 grams

How many chromium atoms are in 78.8 g of K2Cr2O7? a. 2.24 x 1024 b. 1.12 x 1024 atoms c. 3.23 x 1023 atoms d. 1.61 x 1023 atoms e. 2.25 x 1022 atoms

3.23 x 10^23 atoms

Which of these is the correct representation of an alpha particle? a. 24He b. 12H c. -10e d. 00y e. 42H

4 He 2

How many bonding pairs of electrons are around the central atom in HCN? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4

4 (E)

How much energy is released by the digestion of proteins? a. 1 Cal/gram b. 4 Cal/gram c. 8 Cal/gram d. 9 Cal/gram

4 Cal/ gram

How much energy is released by the oxidation of glucose? a. 1 Cal/gram b. 4 Cal/gram c. 8 Cal/gram d. 10 Cal/gram e. 100 Cal/gram

4 Cal/ gram

What is the coefficient in front of HF when the equation is balanced? ___B2O3 + ___HF --🡪 ___BF3 + ___H2O a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5 e. 6

6 (e)

Correct scientific notation for 6,000,220

6.00022 x 10^-5

What is the molecular weight of boric acid, B(OH)3? a. 51 amu b. 61.83 amu c. 101.3 amu d. 153 amu e. 306 amu

61.83 amu (B)

How much energy is released by the digestion of fats? a. 1 Cal/gram b. 4 Cal/gram c. 8 Cal/gram d. 9 Cal/gram e. 0 Cal/gram

9 Cal/ gram

A football field in 100 yards long. What is the length in centimeters? (1 yd = 0.9144 m) a. 0.09144 cm b. 91.44 cm c. 274.32 cm d. 334 cm e. 9.144 x 103 cm

9.144 x 10^3 cm

A reaction which absorbs heat from the surroundings is known as a(n)____. a. Heat capacity b. Exothermic reaction c. Endothermic reaction d. Enthalpy reaction

Endothermic reaction

Which of these statements about exothermic reactions is incorrect? a. Exothermic reactions have a negative change in enthalpy b. Most combustion reactions are exothermic reactions c. Exothermic reactions release energy to the surroundings d. A cold pack is a good example of an exothermic reaction e. Both a and d are incorrect.

A cold pack is a good example of an exothermic reaction

A substance composed of two or more different elements in fixed proportions is known as

A compound

Which of these is the correct formula for aluminum oxide? a. AlO b. Al2O c. AlO2 d. Al2O3 e. Al2O2

Al203

Which of these is an ionic compound? a. AlCl3 b. H2O c. SiO2 d. IBr e. S8

AlCl3

Water: a. Is a polar molecule b. Has tetrahedral electron geometry c. Has bent molecular geometry d. Has two lone pairs of electrons on the central atom e. All of the above.

All of the above

Which of the following is true when comparing infrared light to visible light? a. Infrared light has a longer wavelength than visible light. b. Infrared light has a lower frequency than visible light c. Infrared light has a lower energy than visible light d. All of the above e. None of the above

All of the above

Which of the following molecules is nonpolar? a. CO2 b. N2 c. CH4 d. CCl4 e. All of the above

All of the above are nonpolar

Which of the following is true for a hydrocarbon? a. It consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms. b. It can form a ring structure c. It is a good fuel for combustion reactions. d. It can contain double or triple bonds e. All of the above.

All of the above is true for a hydrocarbon

Which of these is not an environmental problem produced by the burning of fossil fuels? a. Smog b. Acid rain c. NO d. CO e. All of these are a problem

All of these are a problem

The capacity for doing work is known as ____. a. Heat b. Thermodynamics c. Energy d. Enthalpy e. Entropy

Energy

The number of protons in a neutral atom is equal to the ________ of the atom

Atomic number of the atom

Deficiency in which of these vitamins results in an inability for cells to extract energy from food? a. B complex vitamins b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin K d. Vitamin E e. Vitamin C

B complex vitamins

A force which acts through a distance is known as _____. a. Heat b. Work c. Energy d. Enthalpy e. Entropy

B. Work

Barium fluoride is often used in glass manufacturing. Which of these is the correct formula and bonding type for barium fluoride? a. BaF, ionic b. BaF, covalent c. BaF2, ionic d. BaF2, covalent e. BaF2, ionic

BaF2, ionic (C)

Which of these biomolecules is digested the slowest? a. Sucrose b. Starch c. Fats d. Proteins e. Both A and B

C. Fats

Which of these is the correct chemical formula for carbon tetrachloride? a. CCl3 b. CCl4 c. CCl5 d. C4Cl e. None of the above

CCL4

Which of these is the most significant greenhouse gas? a. SO2 b. CO2 c. NO2 d. NO e. O3

CO2

Which of these is not a covalent compound? a. SiO2 b. CH4 c. N2O d. CaO e. ICl3

CaO

Proteins made from all the essential amino acids in the right proportion are known as ____proteins. a. Complete b. Whole c. Essential d. Fiber e. Required

Complete proteins

A substance composed of two or more different elements in fixed proportions is known as a(n)______. a. Atom b. Element c. Molecule d. Ion e. Compound

Compound

Which of these statements about covalent compounds is incorrect? a. Covalent bonds involve the combination of two nonmetals? b. Covalent compounds dissolve in water to form electrolyte solutions c. Covalent compounds contain atoms which share electrons to gain stability. d. The bonds in covalent compounds are often oriented in a particular direction. e. Electrons in covalent compounds are not always equally shared between atoms.

Covalent compounds dissolve in water to form electrolyte solutions

Using energy to move atoms in a nonrandom orderly fashion is known as ____. (exam 4) a. Heat b. Thermodynamics c. Enthalpy d. Work e. Entropy

D. Work

Which of these is the correct name for N2O3? a. Nitrogen trioxide b. Trinitrogen dioxide c. Dinitrogen trioxide d. Nitrogen dioxygenide e. Dinitrogenide dioxygenide

Dinitrogen trioxide (C)

Which of these series correctly orders the give from smallest to largest? a. b. c. d. e. I. 100 cm II. 1 km III. 10 m IV. 100,000 mm A. I < II < III < IV B. II < I < IV < III C. I < II = III < IV D. I < IV < III < II E. I < III < IV < II

E. 100 cm, 10 m, 100,000 mm, 1 km

Normal body temperature is 98.6°F. What is the temperature in Kelvin? a. 23K b. 37K c. 119K d. 177K e. 310K

E. 310 k

The simplest form of a substance is known as an

Element is the simplest form

A bowl of chocolate chip ice cream is best described as a

Heterogenous mixture

An element which has two valence electrons as an atom will most likely: a. Lose 2 electrons to become negatively charged and combine with a cation b. Lose 2 electrons to become positively charged and combine with an anion c. Gain 2 electrons to become negatively charged and combine with a cation d. Gain 2 electrons to become positively charged and combine with an anion. e. All of the above can occur

Lose 2 electrons to become positively charged and combine with an anion

Metals tend to gain/ lose electrons to form ions of positive/negative charge

Lose electrons, positive charge

Which of these molecules will have a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry? a. PCl3 b. N2O c. C2H2 d. CH3Cl

PCL3 (A)

Which of these is a polar molecule? I. PCl3 II. H2O III. CO2 IV. BF3 a. I only b. I and II c. I, II and IV d. II only e. II and IV

PCL3, H2O

Which of these compounds is an organic substance? (exam 3) a. CaO b. H2O c. PF3 d. CCl4 e. CuCl2

PF3

What is the correct name of K2O? a. Dipotassium monoxide b. Dipotassium oxide c. Potassium monoxide d. Potassium oxygen e. Potassium oxide

Potassium oxide

Significant figures represent the ____________ of a measurement

Precision

Salt is a food additive which is often used as a(n)______especially while drying meats? a. Preservative b. Antioxidant c. Artificial color d. Artificial flavor e. Stabilizer

Preservative

Which of these substances is a compound? a. Air b. Salt water c. Gasoline d. Salt e. Lemonade

Salt is a compound

Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are _____. a. Transferred b. Split c. Shared d. Destroyed e. Heated

Shared

Identify the third-row element X which forms the compound O Cl X Cl a. S b. Cl c. P d. Si e. Al

Sulphur

Which of the following is not true for an atom that has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 41? a. The atom contains 22 neutrons b. The atoms is potassium c. The atom contains 19 neutrons d. The atom contains 19 electrons e. The atom contains 19 protons

The atom contains 19 neutrons

How many significant figures are in the number 10,100

Three significant figures (1.0100)

Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are ______. a. Transferred b. Split c. Shared d. Destroyed e. Heated

Transferred

A deficiency in this vitamin can result in a condition known as scurvy? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin K d. Vitamin E e. Vitamin C

Vitamin C

Which of these vitamins is the only one which can be synthesized by the body under the skin in the presence of sunlight? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin K d. Vitamin E e. Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Which of these vitamins is water soluble? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin B-12

Vitamins B-12

Which of these statements about proteins is incorrect? a. Proteins function as enzymes in the body. b. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. c. Protein can be broken down for energy purposes d. Proteins function as structural components in the body e. When proteins are consumed they are directly integrated into your body.

When proteins are consumed they are directly integrated into your body

How many kilowatt-hours are produced when the burning of 2.5 grams of methane produces 125 kJ of heat? a. 3.5 x 102 kWh b. 3.5 x 10-1 kWh c. 3.5 x 10-2 kWh d. 3.5 x 10-3 kWh e. 3.5 x 10-4 kWh

c. 3.5 x 10-2 kWh

Which of these is the correct scientific notation for 6,000,220? a. 6.022 x 105 b. 6.00022 x 105 c. 6.00022 x 106 d. 6.00022 x 10-5 e. 6.00022 x 10-6

c. 6.00022 x 106

Which of these is the best definition of a scientific law? a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations. b. A method of explaining observations that appear contradictory. c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists. e. A rule made by scientists to ensure consistency in their observations.

c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions

Which of these statements best explains the Law of Conservation of Mass? a. All atoms of a given element have the same weight b. Atoms of different elements combine in fixed whole number ratios. c. The weight of an object is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. d. All samples of a given compound have the same proportion of constituent elements e. The sum of the masses of the reactants equals the sum of the masses of the products in a normal chemical reaction

e. The sum of the masses of the reactants equals the sum of the masses of the products in a normal chemical reaction.

To explain natural phenomena, scientists must

make observations