Chem final (exams 1-4)
Lewis dot structure for chlorine
. . : c : .
Because of the high heat and humidity in the summer in Death Valley, California, a hiker requires about 1 quart of water for every two miles traveled on foot. If the density of water is 0.999 g/ml at 45°C, how many kilograms of water are required for a person to walk 30 kilometers in Death Valley? (1L = 1.0567 qt; 1km = 0.62317 mi) a. 8.8 kg b. 70kg c. 350 kg d. 700 kg e. 8.8 x 103 kg
A. 8.8 kg
Which of these statements best explains the designation "organic"? a. Any naturally occurring substance b. Any substance which contains carbon c. Any substance which contains ionic bonds. d. Any substance which is formed by synthetic means. e. A substance which must be formed as a result of vitalism.
Any substance which contains carbon
Which of these statements is true? (Exam 1) a. Gases are compressible and have variable shape. b. Gases are incompressible and have variable shape. c. Gases are compressible and have a fixed shape. d. Gases are incompressible and have a fixed shape.
Gases are compressible and have variable shape
Nonmetals tend to gain/lose electrons to form ions of positive/negative charge
Gain electrons, negative charge
Which type of radioactive emission has the highest penetrating power? a. Electrons b. Beta particle c. Alpha particle d. Gamma rays e. Neutrons
Gamma rays
Which of these is the primary fuel source for our body? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Lactose d. Starches e. Fats
Glucose
Which of these substances is a covalent compound? I.CaO II.H2O III.PF3 IV.CH4 a. I and II b. II and III c. II and IV d. II, III, and IV e. II only
H2O, PF3, and CH4
Which of these minerals is a primary component in hemoglobin? a. Iodine b. Magnesium c. Sodium d. Iron e. Chromium
Iron
Nuclear chemistry involves changes a. Within the nucleus b. Of valence electrons c. In bond number d. Of inner electrons e. In photons
Of valence electrons
Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons/ electrons/ neutrons but a different number of protons/ neutrons/ electrons
Protons, neutrons
Which of these statements about an atom is incorrect? a. The number of protons equals the number of electrons b. The number of protons equals the atomic number c. The number of protons equals the number of neutrons d. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom
The number of protons equals the number of neutrons
Arrange these spectral regions in order of increasing wavelength. (infrared, radio waves, ultraviolet, visible) a. Radio waves < infrared<visible<ultraviolet b. Radio waves<visible<infrared<ultraviolet c. Ultraviolet<infrared<visible<radio waves d. Ultraviolet<visible<infrared<radio waves e. Infrared<radio waves<ultraviolet<visible
Ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio waves
How many protons neutrons and electrons are in 25Mg+2 ion? a. 12 protons, 12 electrons, 13 neutrons b. 12 protons, 10 electrons, 12 neutrons c. 13 protons, 10 electrons, 12 neutrons d. 12 protons, 10 electrons, 13 neutrons e. 12 protons, 14 electrons, 13 neutrons
d. 12 protons, 10 electrons, 13 neutrons
For an ionic compound, X2Y5, if the charge on each Y ion is -2, the charge on each X ion is: a. -2 b. -5 c. -10 d. +10 e. +5
+5
How many joules of energy are in a candy bar reading 250 Calories? a. 1.05 J b. 59.8 J c. 1045 J d. 5.98 x 104 J e. 1.05 x 106 J
1.05 x 10^6 J
What is the total number of electrons which can occupy the first and second principal energy levels (n=1, n=2)? a. 2 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10 e. 18
10 (D)
Determine the mass in grams of 1.15 x 1023 atoms of cobalt. a. 0.191 grams b. 5.23 grams c. 11.2 grams d. 12.4 grams e. 308 grams
11.2 grams
How many grams of nitrogen dioxide are required to produce 260 grams of nitrogen monoxide? 3NO2 + H2O a. b. c. d. e. -🡪 2HNO3 + NO 8.67 grams 56.52 grams 132 grams 399 grams 1196 grams
1196 grams
In P^3- what are the correct number of protons and electrons
15 protons, 18 electrons
Nicotine has the chemical formula C10H14N2. What is the molecular weight of nicotine? a. 26 amu b. 81 amu c. 138 amu d. 162 amu e. 366 amu
162 amu (D)
An element has two naturally occurring isotopes. One has an abundance of 37.4% and an isotopic mass of 184.953 amu. The other has an abundance of 62.6% and a mass of 186.956 amu. What is the atomic weight of the element? a. 185.702 amu b. 185.954 amu c. 186.207 amu d. 186.956 amu e. 190.234 amu
186.207 amu
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred is known as the _____. a. 1st law of thermodynamics b. 2nd law of thermodynamics c. 3rd law of thermodynamics d. Law of heat conservation e. Law of entropy conservation
1st law of thermodynamics
How many lone pairs of electrons are around the central atom in H2O? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4
2 (C)
What is the coefficient in front of sodium nitride when the equation is balanced? __ Na3H -----🡪 ___ Na(s) + ___ N2(g) a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4
2 (C)
Calculate the number of moles in a 25.0 g sample of carbon. a. 2.08 moles b. 13.0 moles c. 300 moles d. 1.51 x 1025 moles e. 3.33 x 10-3 moles
2.08 moles
Determine the number of moles in a 1.95 x 10-2 gram sample of the amino acid glycine, CH2(NH2)CO2H. a. 2.6 x 10-4 moles b. 2.6 x 10-2 moles c. 1.46 moles d. 2.0 x 10-2 moles e. 3.85 x 10-1 moles
2.6 x 10^-4 moles
Calculate the mass in grams of 1.070 moles of acetylene, C2H2. a. 0.02434 grams b. 0.04415 grams c. 14.98 grams d. 25.68 grams e. 27.82 grams
27.82 grams
How many chromium atoms are in 78.8 g of K2Cr2O7? a. 2.24 x 1024 b. 1.12 x 1024 atoms c. 3.23 x 1023 atoms d. 1.61 x 1023 atoms e. 2.25 x 1022 atoms
3.23 x 10^23 atoms
Which of these is the correct representation of an alpha particle? a. 24He b. 12H c. -10e d. 00y e. 42H
4 He 2
How many bonding pairs of electrons are around the central atom in HCN? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4
4 (E)
How much energy is released by the digestion of proteins? a. 1 Cal/gram b. 4 Cal/gram c. 8 Cal/gram d. 9 Cal/gram
4 Cal/ gram
How much energy is released by the oxidation of glucose? a. 1 Cal/gram b. 4 Cal/gram c. 8 Cal/gram d. 10 Cal/gram e. 100 Cal/gram
4 Cal/ gram
What is the coefficient in front of HF when the equation is balanced? ___B2O3 + ___HF --🡪 ___BF3 + ___H2O a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5 e. 6
6 (e)
Correct scientific notation for 6,000,220
6.00022 x 10^-5
What is the molecular weight of boric acid, B(OH)3? a. 51 amu b. 61.83 amu c. 101.3 amu d. 153 amu e. 306 amu
61.83 amu (B)
How much energy is released by the digestion of fats? a. 1 Cal/gram b. 4 Cal/gram c. 8 Cal/gram d. 9 Cal/gram e. 0 Cal/gram
9 Cal/ gram
A football field in 100 yards long. What is the length in centimeters? (1 yd = 0.9144 m) a. 0.09144 cm b. 91.44 cm c. 274.32 cm d. 334 cm e. 9.144 x 103 cm
9.144 x 10^3 cm
A reaction which absorbs heat from the surroundings is known as a(n)____. a. Heat capacity b. Exothermic reaction c. Endothermic reaction d. Enthalpy reaction
Endothermic reaction
Which of these statements about exothermic reactions is incorrect? a. Exothermic reactions have a negative change in enthalpy b. Most combustion reactions are exothermic reactions c. Exothermic reactions release energy to the surroundings d. A cold pack is a good example of an exothermic reaction e. Both a and d are incorrect.
A cold pack is a good example of an exothermic reaction
A substance composed of two or more different elements in fixed proportions is known as
A compound
Which of these is the correct formula for aluminum oxide? a. AlO b. Al2O c. AlO2 d. Al2O3 e. Al2O2
Al203
Which of these is an ionic compound? a. AlCl3 b. H2O c. SiO2 d. IBr e. S8
AlCl3
Water: a. Is a polar molecule b. Has tetrahedral electron geometry c. Has bent molecular geometry d. Has two lone pairs of electrons on the central atom e. All of the above.
All of the above
Which of the following is true when comparing infrared light to visible light? a. Infrared light has a longer wavelength than visible light. b. Infrared light has a lower frequency than visible light c. Infrared light has a lower energy than visible light d. All of the above e. None of the above
All of the above
Which of the following molecules is nonpolar? a. CO2 b. N2 c. CH4 d. CCl4 e. All of the above
All of the above are nonpolar
Which of the following is true for a hydrocarbon? a. It consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms. b. It can form a ring structure c. It is a good fuel for combustion reactions. d. It can contain double or triple bonds e. All of the above.
All of the above is true for a hydrocarbon
Which of these is not an environmental problem produced by the burning of fossil fuels? a. Smog b. Acid rain c. NO d. CO e. All of these are a problem
All of these are a problem
The capacity for doing work is known as ____. a. Heat b. Thermodynamics c. Energy d. Enthalpy e. Entropy
Energy
The number of protons in a neutral atom is equal to the ________ of the atom
Atomic number of the atom
Deficiency in which of these vitamins results in an inability for cells to extract energy from food? a. B complex vitamins b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin K d. Vitamin E e. Vitamin C
B complex vitamins
A force which acts through a distance is known as _____. a. Heat b. Work c. Energy d. Enthalpy e. Entropy
B. Work
Barium fluoride is often used in glass manufacturing. Which of these is the correct formula and bonding type for barium fluoride? a. BaF, ionic b. BaF, covalent c. BaF2, ionic d. BaF2, covalent e. BaF2, ionic
BaF2, ionic (C)
Which of these biomolecules is digested the slowest? a. Sucrose b. Starch c. Fats d. Proteins e. Both A and B
C. Fats
Which of these is the correct chemical formula for carbon tetrachloride? a. CCl3 b. CCl4 c. CCl5 d. C4Cl e. None of the above
CCL4
Which of these is the most significant greenhouse gas? a. SO2 b. CO2 c. NO2 d. NO e. O3
CO2
Which of these is not a covalent compound? a. SiO2 b. CH4 c. N2O d. CaO e. ICl3
CaO
Proteins made from all the essential amino acids in the right proportion are known as ____proteins. a. Complete b. Whole c. Essential d. Fiber e. Required
Complete proteins
A substance composed of two or more different elements in fixed proportions is known as a(n)______. a. Atom b. Element c. Molecule d. Ion e. Compound
Compound
Which of these statements about covalent compounds is incorrect? a. Covalent bonds involve the combination of two nonmetals? b. Covalent compounds dissolve in water to form electrolyte solutions c. Covalent compounds contain atoms which share electrons to gain stability. d. The bonds in covalent compounds are often oriented in a particular direction. e. Electrons in covalent compounds are not always equally shared between atoms.
Covalent compounds dissolve in water to form electrolyte solutions
Using energy to move atoms in a nonrandom orderly fashion is known as ____. (exam 4) a. Heat b. Thermodynamics c. Enthalpy d. Work e. Entropy
D. Work
Which of these is the correct name for N2O3? a. Nitrogen trioxide b. Trinitrogen dioxide c. Dinitrogen trioxide d. Nitrogen dioxygenide e. Dinitrogenide dioxygenide
Dinitrogen trioxide (C)
Which of these series correctly orders the give from smallest to largest? a. b. c. d. e. I. 100 cm II. 1 km III. 10 m IV. 100,000 mm A. I < II < III < IV B. II < I < IV < III C. I < II = III < IV D. I < IV < III < II E. I < III < IV < II
E. 100 cm, 10 m, 100,000 mm, 1 km
Normal body temperature is 98.6°F. What is the temperature in Kelvin? a. 23K b. 37K c. 119K d. 177K e. 310K
E. 310 k
The simplest form of a substance is known as an
Element is the simplest form
A bowl of chocolate chip ice cream is best described as a
Heterogenous mixture
An element which has two valence electrons as an atom will most likely: a. Lose 2 electrons to become negatively charged and combine with a cation b. Lose 2 electrons to become positively charged and combine with an anion c. Gain 2 electrons to become negatively charged and combine with a cation d. Gain 2 electrons to become positively charged and combine with an anion. e. All of the above can occur
Lose 2 electrons to become positively charged and combine with an anion
Metals tend to gain/ lose electrons to form ions of positive/negative charge
Lose electrons, positive charge
Which of these molecules will have a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry? a. PCl3 b. N2O c. C2H2 d. CH3Cl
PCL3 (A)
Which of these is a polar molecule? I. PCl3 II. H2O III. CO2 IV. BF3 a. I only b. I and II c. I, II and IV d. II only e. II and IV
PCL3, H2O
Which of these compounds is an organic substance? (exam 3) a. CaO b. H2O c. PF3 d. CCl4 e. CuCl2
PF3
What is the correct name of K2O? a. Dipotassium monoxide b. Dipotassium oxide c. Potassium monoxide d. Potassium oxygen e. Potassium oxide
Potassium oxide
Significant figures represent the ____________ of a measurement
Precision
Salt is a food additive which is often used as a(n)______especially while drying meats? a. Preservative b. Antioxidant c. Artificial color d. Artificial flavor e. Stabilizer
Preservative
Which of these substances is a compound? a. Air b. Salt water c. Gasoline d. Salt e. Lemonade
Salt is a compound
Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are _____. a. Transferred b. Split c. Shared d. Destroyed e. Heated
Shared
Identify the third-row element X which forms the compound O Cl X Cl a. S b. Cl c. P d. Si e. Al
Sulphur
Which of the following is not true for an atom that has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 41? a. The atom contains 22 neutrons b. The atoms is potassium c. The atom contains 19 neutrons d. The atom contains 19 electrons e. The atom contains 19 protons
The atom contains 19 neutrons
How many significant figures are in the number 10,100
Three significant figures (1.0100)
Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are ______. a. Transferred b. Split c. Shared d. Destroyed e. Heated
Transferred
A deficiency in this vitamin can result in a condition known as scurvy? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin K d. Vitamin E e. Vitamin C
Vitamin C
Which of these vitamins is the only one which can be synthesized by the body under the skin in the presence of sunlight? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin K d. Vitamin E e. Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Which of these vitamins is water soluble? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin B-12
Vitamins B-12
Which of these statements about proteins is incorrect? a. Proteins function as enzymes in the body. b. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. c. Protein can be broken down for energy purposes d. Proteins function as structural components in the body e. When proteins are consumed they are directly integrated into your body.
When proteins are consumed they are directly integrated into your body
How many kilowatt-hours are produced when the burning of 2.5 grams of methane produces 125 kJ of heat? a. 3.5 x 102 kWh b. 3.5 x 10-1 kWh c. 3.5 x 10-2 kWh d. 3.5 x 10-3 kWh e. 3.5 x 10-4 kWh
c. 3.5 x 10-2 kWh
Which of these is the correct scientific notation for 6,000,220? a. 6.022 x 105 b. 6.00022 x 105 c. 6.00022 x 106 d. 6.00022 x 10-5 e. 6.00022 x 10-6
c. 6.00022 x 106
Which of these is the best definition of a scientific law? a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations. b. A method of explaining observations that appear contradictory. c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists. e. A rule made by scientists to ensure consistency in their observations.
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions
Which of these statements best explains the Law of Conservation of Mass? a. All atoms of a given element have the same weight b. Atoms of different elements combine in fixed whole number ratios. c. The weight of an object is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. d. All samples of a given compound have the same proportion of constituent elements e. The sum of the masses of the reactants equals the sum of the masses of the products in a normal chemical reaction
e. The sum of the masses of the reactants equals the sum of the masses of the products in a normal chemical reaction.
To explain natural phenomena, scientists must
make observations