CHEM104 ch.22
nido-boranes
BnH(n+4) they consist of a cage of boron atoms missing one corner
arachno-boranes
BnH(n+6) consist of a cage of boron atoms that is missing 2 or 3 corners
closo-boranes
BnHn2- and form fully closed polyhedrons with triangular sides
hydrogen azide
HN3 is a N and H compound with a higher nitrogen to hydrogen ratio than ammonia or hydrazine
hydrazine
N2H4 nitrogen oxidation state (-2); the nitrogen analog of hydrogen peroxide
quartz
SiO2; generically called silica structure: each Si atom is in a tetrahedron surrounded by 4 O atoms, each O atom is a bridge connecting the corners of 2 tetrahedrons
black phosphorus
allotrope of phosphorus; obtained by heating white phosphorus under pressure; most thermodynamically stable, least reactive
soot
amorphous form of carbon that forms during incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
carbides
binary compounds composed of carbon combined with less electronegative elements -3 general categories: ionic, covalent and metallic
ionic carbides
carbon and low-electronegativity metal (alkali metal of alkali earth metal)
covalent carbides
carbon and low-electronegavitiy NONmetals or metalloids -most important: silicon carbide (SiC)
metallic carbides
carbon and metals that have a metallic lattice with holes small enough to fit carbon atoms
haber-bosch process
carrying out rxn at higher pressure, and using a catalyst to increase reaction rate, industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas used to make ammonia and fixing nitrogen for uses (fertilizers and explosives)
fullereness
class of all the carbon clusters similar to C60 containing from 36-100 carbon atoms at room temp all are black solids
boranes
compounds composed of boron and hydrogen; form many unique cluster, cagelike, and netlike structures
graphite structure
consists of flat sheets of carbon atoms bonded together as interconnected hexagonal rings covalent bonds within are strong, the interactions between sheets are weak
silicates
covalent atomic solids that contain silicon, oxygen and various metal atoms
white phosphorus
elemental form of phosphorus, highly toxic to humans
carbon black
fine, powdered form of carbon (component of soot)
coal
forms from the decomposition of ancient plant material that has been buried for millions of years (undergoes process of carbonization)
naturally occuring crystalline forms of carbon
graphite and diamond
main-group elements
identify by their valence electrons and their electron configurations
pyroxines
inosilicates; mant of the tetrahedrons bond together creating chains
nanotubes
long carbon structures which consist of sheets of interconnected C6 rings that assume the shape of a cylinder
nitrogen oxides
nitrogen oxidized by O to form a number of different oxides
poyrosilicates
sorosilicates; two tetrahedrons share one corner, forming the disilicate ion Si2O76- requires cations that balance the 6- charge
Ostwald process
used to commercially produce nitric acid
orthosilicates
when tetrahedron occurs singly (not bonded to other) forms SiO44- polyaltomic anion also called nesosilicates require cations that have a total charge of 4+ to neutralize the negative charge