CHEMISTRY IN CONTEXT EXAM CH. 1

Which statement is false? A. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon-containing compounds that pass easily into the vapor phase. B. An organic compound always contains carbon. C. A volatile substance readily passes into the vapor phase. D. Catalytic converters in automobile tail pipes utilize nitrogen gas to burn VOCs to form CO2 and H2O.

D. Catalytic converters in automobile tail pipes utilize nitrogen gas to burn VOCs to form CO2 and H2O.

Which statement is false? A. Ozone is a secondary pollutant because it is not produced from a direct source but from chemical reactions involving one or more other pollutants. B. Those other pollutants responsible for ozone production are VOCs and NO2. C. The major source of VOCs and NO2 is from the heavy traffic in urban areas. D. Cool and cloudy weather helps production of ozone from those pollutants of NO2 and VOCs.

D. Cool and cloudy weather helps production of ozone from those pollutants of NO2 and VOCs.

The ________ concentration in the air over the desert differs dramatically from that in the air in the tropical rain forest. A. N2 B. O2 C. CO2 D. H2O

D. H20

20. Which statement is false? A. Ozone is a secondary pollutant because it is not produced from a direct source but from chemical reactions involving one or more other pollutants. B. Those other pollutants responsible for ozone production are VOCs and NO2. C. The major source of VOCs and NO2 is from the heavy traffic in urban areas. D. Sunlight does not play a key role in the production of ozone from those pollutants of NO2 and VOCs.

D. Sunlight does not play a key role in the production of ozone from those pollutants of NO2 and VOCs.

Which air pollutant would be most likely to depend on air temperature for its production? A. particulate matter B. carbon monoxide C. lead D. ozone

D. ozone

The burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide, SO2, a pollutant that slowly reacts in air to form SO3. Sulfur trioxide dissolves into airborne water droplets to form a very corrosive solution of sulfuric acid. Which is a product of burning coal that hastens the transformation of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide? A. carbon dioxide B. carbon monoxide C. nitrogen dioxide D. particles of ash

D. particles of ash

Fe ion concentration in the Scioto river in one day was measured to be 15 ppb. How much is this equivalent to the ppm unit?

0.015 ppm

Nail polish remover containing acetone was spilled in a room 8m x 5m x 3m. Measurements indicated that 360,000 mg of acetone evaporated. Calculate the acetone concentration in the room in grams per cubic meter (g/m3).

3 g/m3

Which pollutant is present in air as particulate matter? A. soot B. ozone C. sulfur dioxide D. carbon monoxide

A. Soot

When assessing the risk of an air pollutant, which does not play a role in considering someone's exposure to the pollutant? A. a person's lung capacity B. a person's breathing rate C. the toxicity of the pollutant D. the concentration in air of the pollutant

C. the toxicity of the pollutant

3% means 3 per hundred, 3/100; 30% means 30 per hundred, 30/100, and so on. Similarly, 3 ppm means 3 per million, 3/1,000,000; 30 ppm means 30 per million, 30/1,000,000 and so on. How many ppm is 1% equal to? A. 0.001 ppm B. 0.01 ppm C. 10 ppm D. 10000 ppm

D. 10000 ppm

A particular sample of air is 2.5% water vapor. Express the concentration of water vapor in parts per million (ppm). A. 0.0000025 ppm B. 0.025 ppm C. 250 ppm D. 25000 ppm

D. 25000 ppm

Which component of the air makes up approximately 100 times more of an exhaled breath than of an inhaled breath? A. Ar B. O2 C. O3 D. CO2

D. CO2

Which one is not an air pollutant? A. CO B. NO2 C. SO2 D. CO2

D. CO2

A young senator excited about Green Chemistry presents new legislation to set controls on vehicles and industry to completely remove all pollutant molecules from the air. Which is the best critique of this proposal? A. This worthy goal is attainable if we develop the proper incentives. B. Though this is a worthy goal, it is not attainable regardless of regulations or incentives. C. While this would be great in theory, accomplishing it would require too much money and more government control than is appropriate in a free market economy. D. This is not a good plan because while the United States concerns itself with this challenge, other countries will not make similar sacrifices.

A. This worthy goal is attainable if we develop the proper incentives.

Which one would provide most favorable condition for ozone production in the air we breathe? A. a hot summer afternoon in a city with heavy traffic and limited air circulation. B. a cold winter morning in a city with heavy traffic and limited air circulation. C. a hot summer afternoon in a rural area with light traffic but limited air circulation. D. anywhere with heavy traffic regardless of air temperature.

A. a hot summer afternoon in a city with heavy traffic and limited air circulation.

What is the correct form of ozone and oxygen gas we breathe? A. ozone: O3 oxygen gas: O2 B. ozone: O2 oxygen gas: O C. ozone: O2 oxygen gas: O3 D. ozone: O oxygen gas:O2

A. ozone: O3 oxygen gas: O2

Which is the lower region of the atmosphere in which we lives directly above the surface of the Earth? A. troposphere B. stratosphere C. aerosphere D. thermosphere

A. troposphere

Critique the statement: "Air pollution is an unavoidable by-product of an industrialized society—the more modern we become the more air pollution we have." A. This is a reasonable statement since burning fossil fuels is necessary for industrialization and unavoidably produces pollutants. B. Although burning fossil fuels does produce air pollutants, technology may prevent these pollutants from increasing in the atmosphere as we become more industrialized. C. Air pollution is not inevitable if we could raise the temperature at which fossil fuels are burned. D. Burning fossil fuels does not have to produce potential pollutants, but it does because of the unwillingness of government and industry to spend additional money.

B - Although burning fossil fuels does produce air pollutants, technology may prevent these pollutants from increasing in the atmosphere as we become more industrialized.

Which correctly pairs an indoor pollutant with its source? A. formaldehyde and unvented space heaters B. O3 and electrical arcing C. radon and glues and solvents D. nicotine and paint and paint thinners

B - O3 and electrical arcing

Which component of the air makes up approximately 100 times more of an exhaled breath than of an inhaled breath? A. N2 B. CO2 C. Ar D. O2

B. CO2

Which statement is false? A. O2 is an element. B. Carbon dioxide is a diatomic molecule. C. Air is a mixture. D. H2O is a compound.

B. Carbon dioxide is a diatomic molecule.

Which statement is false? A. O2 is an element. B. carbon dioxide is a diatomic molecule. C. air is a mixture. D. H2O is a compound

B. carbon dioxide is a diatomic molecule.

Which component of the air is an element? A. H2O B. NO2 C. O3 D. CO2

C. 03

Which is the third most abundant component in the air composition? A. N2 B. CO2 C. Ar D. O2

C. Ar

Which approach would help most to reduce indoor air pollution? A. air conditioning B. sealing windows shut C. increasing the air exchange D. dry cleaning clothes

C. Increasing air exchange.

Which element is not a halogen? A. F B. I C. Kr D. Br

C. Kr

Air is a(n) A. element. B. compound. C. mixture. D. pure substance.

C. Mixture

There has been great success in the US in curbing the emissions of SO2 and Pb but less success with nitrogen oxides. Which one would not be considered as a reason for this? A. We can control SO2 and Pb because they have their distinct sources such as smoke stacks of sulfur-containing, coal burning power plants and leaded gasoline, respectively. B. Nitrogen and oxygen are anywhere in the air, and they are quick to combine to form nitrogen oxides at high temperature as in car engine. C. Tail pipes of automobiles filters well Pb but not well CO and NO. D. Coal is the major source sulfur pollution that is removed well by improving the filtering systems at the smoke stacks of coal-burning power plants which are the number one source of coal consumption in the US.

C. Tail pipes of automobiles filters well Pb but not well CO and NO.

If we assume that the top of Mt. Everest is the highest land mass on earth, hikers who scale its summit are standing in the A. mesosphere. B. stratosphere. C. troposphere. D. ozone layer.

C. Troposphere

Which approach would help most to reduce indoor air pollution? A. air conditioning B. sealing windows shut C. increasing the air exchange D. dry cleaning clothes

C. increasing the air exchange

Which correctly shows the three most abundant components in the atmosphere in decreasing order? A. nitrogen > oxygen > carbon dioxide B. nitrogen > carbon dioxide > oxygen C. nitrogen > oxygen > argón D. oxygen > nitrogen > argón

C. nitrogen > oxygen > argón