chp 14 ponder

The stimulus for the production of new red blood cells is

(erythropoiesis) declining oxygen levels

What is the normal life span of a red blood cell?

120 days

Platelet

Blood component that plays a key role in stopping bleeding

blood contain more of this formed element than any other

Erythrocytes

The production of red blood cells is stimulated by the secretion of which hormone?

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Reticulocyte

Immature form of an erythrocyte (red blood cell)

Hemoglobin synthesis depends on an adequate dietary supply of what substance?

Iron

RBC have __________ which means they cannot _______

Nucleus, Cannot replicate

Sickle cell

Overly stiff elongated RBC

Hemoglobin

Oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells

What antigens and/or antibodies do people with type B blood have?

People with type B blood have the B antigen on their red blood cells and anti-A antibodies in their plasma.

How are platelets formed?

Platelets are fragments of large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes

What causes platelets to begin clumping together?

Platelets become sticky when exposed to rough collagen underneath the vessel's normally slick interior.

Viscosity

Property of blood determined by the combination of plasma and blood cells

Which type of blood cell constitutes the greatest percentage of whole blood?

Red blood cells

Name the two body tissues that produce blood cell

Red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue

The two types of hematopoietic tissue found in the body are located in

Red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue

An increased number of these cells reflect an increase in the production of RBCs

Reticulocytes

T/F Rh-negative blood lacks the Rh antigen

Rh- negative blood lacks antigen

Leukocyte

Term for white blood cell

What is plasma?

The clear, extracellular matrix of blood

What happens to hemoglobin when it is broken down?

The globin portion is broken down into amino acids (which are used for energy or to create new proteins); the heme portion is broken down into iron (which is transported to bone marrow to create new hemoglobin) and bilirubin (which is excreted in the intestines).

Albumin

The most abundant plasma protein

Neutrophil

The most abundant white blood cell

What role does thrombin play in blood clotting?

Thrombin transforms the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into threads of insoluble fibrin, which, in turn, form a web that entraps platelets and blood cells at the site of injury.

Lymphocyte

White blood cell responsible for long-term immunity

Basophil

White blood cell that secretes heparin to prevent clotting in infected areas

A patient's laboratory report shows an increased number of reticulocytes. What is a possible cause for this finding?

a move to higher attitude

the main protein in plasma

albumin

A patient's laboratory report shows that the number of eosinophils is high. What is the most likely cause?

allergy or infection

Which type of blood has neither the A nor the B antigen and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

blood type O

What converts prothrombin to thrombin?

clotting factor known as prothrombin activator

hormone secreted by kidneys response to low oxygen levels

erythropoietin (EPO)

Red blood cells have __________shape

flexible

In an adult, where can red bone marrow be found?

found in the ends of long bones and in flat irregular bones such as the sternum, cranial bones, vertebrae and pelvis

red bone marrow

found in the ends of long bones and in flat irregular bones such as the sternum, cranial bones, vertebrae and pelvis

Lymphatic tissue

found in the spleen, lymph nodes and thymus gland `

Concentration of RBCs in a sample of blood

hematocrit

The red pigment filling the interior of a red blood cell is

hemoglobin

What substance gives red blood cells their color?

hemoglobin

red pigment that gives blood its color

hemoglobin

excessive destruction of red blood cells

hemolytic

The process of producing new red blood cells is called

hemopoiesis

The production of blood is called

hemopoiesis

production of blood

hemopoietic

During hemoglobin recycling, heme is initially broken down into

into iron and bilirubin

A diet rich in which mineral is crucial for hemoglobin synthesis?

iron

Necessary in the diet for hemoglobin synthesis

iron

Which type of blood cell forms the smallest percentage of whole blood?

leukocytes

Which white blood cells are responsible for long-term immunity?

lymphocytes

The clear extracellular matrix of blood is called

plasma

Which component of blood plasma plays a role in blood clotting and the regulation of fluid volume?

plasma proteins, plays roles in blood clotting, the immune system, and the regulation of fluid volume

most blood cells are created in _________ bone marrow

red

What is the most numerous formed element in blood?

red blood cells

An immature erythrocyte is called a

red blood cells (reticulocyte)

plasma without the clotting proteins

serum

All blood cells can trace their beginnings to a specific type of bone marrow cell called a ____________________ cell.

stem

Which organ synthesizes the most clotting factors?

the liver

Where are old red blood cells broken down?

the spleen and the liver

A person's ABO blood type identifies

the type of antigens on the red blood cell

What is the final step before a blood clot forms?

thrombin transforms fibrinogen into fibrin

What happens when platelets are exposed to collagen fibers?

transform into sticky platelets

What is the first step in the blood clotting process?

vascular spam

What is the first stage of hemostasis?

vascular spasm

The term used to describe the thickness or stickiness of blood is

viscosity

Which vitamin is necessary for the synthesis of clotting factors?

vitamin k

main component of plasma

water