chp 14 ponder
The stimulus for the production of new red blood cells is
(erythropoiesis) declining oxygen levels
What is the normal life span of a red blood cell?
120 days
Platelet
Blood component that plays a key role in stopping bleeding
blood contain more of this formed element than any other
Erythrocytes
The production of red blood cells is stimulated by the secretion of which hormone?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Reticulocyte
Immature form of an erythrocyte (red blood cell)
Hemoglobin synthesis depends on an adequate dietary supply of what substance?
Iron
RBC have __________ which means they cannot _______
Nucleus, Cannot replicate
Sickle cell
Overly stiff elongated RBC
Hemoglobin
Oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells
What antigens and/or antibodies do people with type B blood have?
People with type B blood have the B antigen on their red blood cells and anti-A antibodies in their plasma.
How are platelets formed?
Platelets are fragments of large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes
What causes platelets to begin clumping together?
Platelets become sticky when exposed to rough collagen underneath the vessel's normally slick interior.
Viscosity
Property of blood determined by the combination of plasma and blood cells
Which type of blood cell constitutes the greatest percentage of whole blood?
Red blood cells
Name the two body tissues that produce blood cell
Red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue
The two types of hematopoietic tissue found in the body are located in
Red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue
An increased number of these cells reflect an increase in the production of RBCs
Reticulocytes
T/F Rh-negative blood lacks the Rh antigen
Rh- negative blood lacks antigen
Leukocyte
Term for white blood cell
What is plasma?
The clear, extracellular matrix of blood
What happens to hemoglobin when it is broken down?
The globin portion is broken down into amino acids (which are used for energy or to create new proteins); the heme portion is broken down into iron (which is transported to bone marrow to create new hemoglobin) and bilirubin (which is excreted in the intestines).
Albumin
The most abundant plasma protein
Neutrophil
The most abundant white blood cell
What role does thrombin play in blood clotting?
Thrombin transforms the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into threads of insoluble fibrin, which, in turn, form a web that entraps platelets and blood cells at the site of injury.
Lymphocyte
White blood cell responsible for long-term immunity
Basophil
White blood cell that secretes heparin to prevent clotting in infected areas
A patient's laboratory report shows an increased number of reticulocytes. What is a possible cause for this finding?
a move to higher attitude
the main protein in plasma
albumin
A patient's laboratory report shows that the number of eosinophils is high. What is the most likely cause?
allergy or infection
Which type of blood has neither the A nor the B antigen and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?
blood type O
What converts prothrombin to thrombin?
clotting factor known as prothrombin activator
hormone secreted by kidneys response to low oxygen levels
erythropoietin (EPO)
Red blood cells have __________shape
flexible
In an adult, where can red bone marrow be found?
found in the ends of long bones and in flat irregular bones such as the sternum, cranial bones, vertebrae and pelvis
red bone marrow
found in the ends of long bones and in flat irregular bones such as the sternum, cranial bones, vertebrae and pelvis
Lymphatic tissue
found in the spleen, lymph nodes and thymus gland `
Concentration of RBCs in a sample of blood
hematocrit
The red pigment filling the interior of a red blood cell is
hemoglobin
What substance gives red blood cells their color?
hemoglobin
red pigment that gives blood its color
hemoglobin
excessive destruction of red blood cells
hemolytic
The process of producing new red blood cells is called
hemopoiesis
The production of blood is called
hemopoiesis
production of blood
hemopoietic
During hemoglobin recycling, heme is initially broken down into
into iron and bilirubin
A diet rich in which mineral is crucial for hemoglobin synthesis?
iron
Necessary in the diet for hemoglobin synthesis
iron
Which type of blood cell forms the smallest percentage of whole blood?
leukocytes
Which white blood cells are responsible for long-term immunity?
lymphocytes
The clear extracellular matrix of blood is called
plasma
Which component of blood plasma plays a role in blood clotting and the regulation of fluid volume?
plasma proteins, plays roles in blood clotting, the immune system, and the regulation of fluid volume
most blood cells are created in _________ bone marrow
red
What is the most numerous formed element in blood?
red blood cells
An immature erythrocyte is called a
red blood cells (reticulocyte)
plasma without the clotting proteins
serum
All blood cells can trace their beginnings to a specific type of bone marrow cell called a ____________________ cell.
stem
Which organ synthesizes the most clotting factors?
the liver
Where are old red blood cells broken down?
the spleen and the liver
A person's ABO blood type identifies
the type of antigens on the red blood cell
What is the final step before a blood clot forms?
thrombin transforms fibrinogen into fibrin
What happens when platelets are exposed to collagen fibers?
transform into sticky platelets
What is the first step in the blood clotting process?
vascular spam
What is the first stage of hemostasis?
vascular spasm
The term used to describe the thickness or stickiness of blood is
viscosity
Which vitamin is necessary for the synthesis of clotting factors?
vitamin k
main component of plasma
water