Civics Exam Study Guide

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List three differences between banks and credit unions.

1.) Credit Unions are not-for-profit financial cooperatives. 2.) Credit unions are local. 3.) Credit unions are focused on consumer loans.

Which amendment granted citizenship to the newly freed slaves and guaranteed all US citizens equal rights under the law?

14th

How old do you have to be to register to vote?

Which of the following is a requirement for naturalization?

18 years old, pass exam, Speak/Write/Understand English, good "moral character".

What is MOST often the result of Ponzi schemes?

Investors lose their money.

Which Enlightenment thinker believed that the people have the right to overthrow a tyrannical government?

John Locke

What must eligible voters do before they may vote?

If you were a Senator, which branch of the federal government would you be a part of?

Legislative

Who were the Anti-Federalists, and how did they differ from the Federalists?

Against the Constitution. Felt strong national government would abuse rights. Wanted a Bill of Rights

Which of the following amendments gave women the right to vote?

Amendment 19

Whose idea of separation of powers influenced the U.S. system of government?

Baron de Montesquieu

Which court case overturned Plessy v. Ferguson?

Brown v. Board of Education

How did Brown v. Board of Education overturn the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?

Brown v. Board of Education helped end segregation and the Plessy v. Ferguson was because of segregation so since segregation ended this would no longer happen to anyone else and maybe let Plessy out of jail.

Which case extended the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection under the law?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)

In the circular flow free enterprise model, how are prices for goods established?

Buyers and sellers decide prices.

The main issue in State v. Mann is best summarized by which question?

Can slaveholders legally assault their slaves?

Which of the following is correct?

Civil Trial: Plaintiff/Defendant; Criminal Trial: Prosecutor/Defendant

Which of the following is an example of a private consumer organization?

Consumers Union

Which event convinced many U.S. citizens that a constitutional convention was needed?

Daniel Shays's Rebellion

Which of these is required by law?

Drivers must have car insurance.

Which Supreme Court decision was based on the establishment clause of the First Amendment?

Engel v. Vitale

Which statement best explains the importance of economic decision making when scarcity is a factor?

Each choice results in an opportunity cost.

Which sentence from the article is BEST reflected in the graph "GDPs in Recession and Recovery"?

It's often used as a measuring stick for how well a country is doing.

Which set of laws simplified the Roman Laws?

Justinian Code

Which Enlightened Philosopher stated that citizens must pay to maintain the government to protect them?

Locke

Which statement describes the result of the Great Compromise?

Representation in a bicameral legislature was established.

Which of the following is NOT a freedom guaranteed by the FIFTH (V) amendment

Right to an attorney

Which amendment was strengthened in the Gideon v. Wainwright decision?

The 6th amendment was violated and they had to allow him a appointed attorney. The 14th amendment was also violated; equal protection clause.

How are the decisions in Brown v. Board of Education and Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education similar?

The Brown v. Board of Education began the end of segregation and the Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education wanted all kids to go to school together to be unsegregated so they both wanted this to end.

States that you must be brought before a judge and told why you are being arrested.

writ of habeas corpus

If the president of the United States and the prime minister of Japan negotiate a trade treaty, which action makes it law in the United States?

The U.S. Senate must ratify the treaty by a two-thirds majority vote.

Use the list below to answer the question. Imports and Exports Scenarios The United States imports more goods from Mexico than the United States exports to Mexico. Mexico exports more goods to Canada than Mexico imports from Canada. Canada imports more goods from Great Britain than Canada exports to Great Britain. Great Britain imports more goods from Mexico than Great Britain exports to Mexico. Which statement about currency and exchange rates is best supported by this list?

The U.S. dollar has a higher value than the Mexican peso.

What happens after a two-thirds majority of both houses of Congress propose an amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

The amendment can be approved with three-fourths of the state legislatures ratifying it.

For a bill to become officially a national law, which of the following must always occur?

The bill must pass both houses with identical language.

According to the U.S. Constitution, which statement bestexplains the limit of federal power in relation to the states?

The federal government has enumerated and implied powers.

To which of the following modern scenarios would Adam Smith most likely object?

The federal government provides incentives for farmers to limit agricultural production.

The court ruled in Texas v. Johnson that burning the US flag does not violate which amendment? Do you agree?

The first amendment. I believe that burning the US flag should not happen so I agree with Texas because it could cause disruption in the country.

Why is rent a fixed cost for a college student living in an apartment?

The monthly rent can be expected to stay the same for the term of the lease.

How could someone whose parents are both foreign citizens qualify to become the U.S. president?

The person was born in the United States.

Collateral is defined as

The property used to guarantee that a loan will be repaid

Which answer choice BEST describes the central idea of the section "The Background"?

The systems used to measure GDP have changed over time.

All economic systems have to answer the following questions. • What goods should be produced? • How should the goods be produced? • For whom should the goods be produced? Why must these questions be asked?

There are unlimited wants and limited resources.

A US Savings Bond does not pay interest until it is cashed in by the bond-holder

True

A change to the Constitution is called a(n) amendment

True

A democracy can have both representative and direct characteristics at the same time.

True

An opinion explains the judge's decision on a case

True

Murder is an example of a felony.

True

The NC Council of State is elected independently from the Governor

True

Which type of party system is found in the United States?

Two-Party

In what decision did the Supreme Court rule that medical schools, when choosing who would be admitted, could not use specific quotas?

U.C. Regents v. Bakke

Which goal of the preamble represents popular sovereignty? (consent of the governed)

We the People

Which is an example of an excise tax?

a tax on cigarettes

The 12 Federal Reserve banks

all of the above

Which term is defined as the difference between the value of a nation's imports and the value of its exports?

balance of trade

Which of the following describes the US House of Representatives?

based on population of each state

The money available through Social Security is collected from

both employers and employees

If you miss a charge account, installment, or credit card payment,

both of the above

The most numerous banks in the US are

commercial banks

How does the Supreme Court exercise the power of judicial review?

declaring a law unconstitutional

How could a lack of entrepreneurs affect an economy?

decreased job opportunities

Which action best represents a fiscal policy enacted by the U.S. Congress and the president?

decreasing payroll taxes to stimulate spending

I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce ... all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign... state or sovereignty, of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen... -US Citizenship and Immigration Services What is required of people before they are allowed to take this oath?

demonstrated proficiency in English

Which is the most effective action the private sector can take to improve public safety and security in a community without violating civil liberties?

develop a neighborhood watch program

How can a person increase his chances of finding a job in the workforce?

develop marketable skills

Before a bank will give you a $85,000 loan, they may deduct a small amount. This is called

discounting

What are the three levels of federal courts in the United States?

district, appeals, and supreme

In a bank there are tellers, loan off icers, and managers. Which economic concept does this arrangement demonstrate?

division of labor

In 1942 the United States government required 3,000 residents of Oak Ridge, TN to sell their homes so the land they were on could be used as a military research facility. Which constitutional provision enabled the government to take this action?

eminent domain

A person opened a booth at a flea market to sell paintings. This is an example of which factor of production?

entrepreneurship

Which phrase best completes the list below? Factors of Production • Labor • Natural resources • Capital •?

entrepreneurship

Use the information to answer the question. In 1980, the media on the West Coast of the United States announced that Ronald Reagan had won the presidential election hours before the close of West Coast polling locations. The major media outlets were most likely able to make this determination based on

exit polls

What economic policy would a supporter of laissez-faire economics support?

free enterprise

What will most likely result from the depreciation of the dollar?

increase the prices of U.S. imports, but decrease the prices to foreigners of U.S. exports

Which power is exercised by state governments?

issue licenses

Which crime is a misdemeanor?

littering

Which factor is used to assign electoral votes to each state?

number of representatives and senators

Which principle best shows the influence of the U.S. Constitution on the document below? National sovereignty shall vest in [be controlled by] the people, who shall exercise it through their representatives and by means of referendum. —From the Constitution of France, 1958

popular elections

What is most likely to increase as specialization increases?

productivity

In a criminal trial, which person attempts to prove the guilt of the accused?

prosecutor

What action is accomplished by an appropriations bill?

provide the U.S. government the authority to spend money

Which system of government did the Constitutional Convention create for the United States?

republican

In which circumstance would a shoe store reduce the price of shoes?

surplus

Which factor determines the wage or salary of a new employee?

the availability of workers with similar skills

An individual has been accused of taking the property of another person. Why would a judge require substantial evidence before issuing a search warrant?

to ensure there was probable cause for conducting the investigation

Which best explains the concept of scarcity?

unlimited wants, limited resources

Use the list below to answer the question. March of Washington, 1963 Selma to Montgomery marches, 1965 The intent of these actions was to

use public protest to influence government policy

Which action is protected by the Bill of Rights?

writing a letter of complaint to the mayor

The "catch" with putting your money in a CD is....

you have to keep your money in the bank for a certain time period.

Which passage from the Declaration of Independence conflicts with the practice of slavery?

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. . ."

What is the dollar price of yen if the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen is $1 = 200 yen?

$.005

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law." In 1833, the Supreme Court ruled that the Bill of Rights applied to the federal government but not to state governments. As a result, many states denied basic citizenship and basic rights to African Americans. Following the Civil War, which Amendment was ratified, defining citizenship and preventing states from interfering in the rights of US citizens?

14th Amendment

The federal government insures bank accounts against loss up to _______________

250,000

Which amendment to the US constitution lowered the voting age to 18?

Which slogan encourages participation in the democratic process? 1) "Pay your local school taxes!" 2) "Obey the posted speed limit!" 3) "Remember to vote on Election Day!" 4) "Answer the call to jury duty!"

If you cash out a CD before the maturity date, you will pay a penalty which is typically __________________

3 months interest

Which scenario is an example of a monopoly?

A local water company is the sole provider of water for a small town.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a market economy?

A profit motive makes individuals more willing to accept innovation.

Which is an example of de jure segregation?

A state law requires separate waiting rooms at a bus terminal.

Use the table below to answer the question. Country A Country B Country C Cotton producer, Textile exporter, Textile consumer How would a free trade agreement between Country A and Country B affect Country C?

Buyers in Country C would benefit from the decrease in the price of clothing.

Use the excerpt to answer the question that follows. . . . I know that the Colonies in general owe little or nothing to any care of ours, and that they are not squeezed into this happy form by the constraints of watchful and suspicious government, but that, through a wise and salutary neglect, a generous nature has been suffered to take her own way to perfection . . . . —Edmund Burke, "On Moving . . . for Conciliation with the Colonies," 1775 Edmund Burke was a member of the British Parliament who wanted to avoid war with the American colonists. Which statement would he most likely support?

Colonists have governed themselves well without British interference.

________________ are where bills begin the process of becoming a law

Congressional Committees

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. We hold that, construed in its historical context . . . that Representatives be chosen "by the People of the several States" means that, as nearly as is practicable, one man's vote in a congressional election is to be worth as much as another's. —Wesberry v. Sanders, 1964 Which principle is supported by the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in this case?

Congressional districts should be relatively equal in population size.

Use the table below to answer the question. Country 1 Country 2 Produces 10 pounds Produces 5 pounds of coffee in 4 hours of coffee in 4 hours Produces 5 pounds Produces 10 pounds of sugar in 4 hours of sugar in 4 hours. Which statement is best supported by this table?

Country 1 has the absolute advantage in coffee production.

Use the table below to answer the question. Country with Country with Absolute Advantage Comparative Advantage Ability to produce a Ability to produce a good at good with greater a lower cost than other efficiency than any goods other country Which scenario describes a country with a comparative advantage?

Country 1 produces surplus wool while meeting its need for grain.

If Country A can produce 100 gallons of milk, but only 10 tons of wool compared with Country B - who can produce 100 tons of wool but only 10 gallons of milk - which country has a comparative advantage in milk?

Country A

Which payment method can cause longterm problems because of high interest rates?

Credit cards

What is the most likely result of imposing a price ceiling on a particular product?

Demand exceeds supply and results in a shortage.

On the assignment "A Very Big Branch" the Secretary of which department would have said the following: "Mr. President, we need to invest in more solar energy."?

Dept of Energy

When someone violates a federal law, they usually begin at the_________ level of federal courts.

District

Use the list below to answer the question. Ways for Consumers to Protect Themselves from Fraudulent and Deceptive Practices • Sign up for the National Do Not Call Registry. • Read the fine print in contracts. • ? Which of these is BEST to add to the list?

Do not disclose personal information to unknown businesses.

Use the list below to answer the question. Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States has become Mexico's largest trading partner. In 2009, there was a decline in consumption by the United States. That year, Mexican auto exports fell more than 50%, and production fell almost 45%, when compared to the previous year. Based on this information, what is a weakness of free trade agreements?

Economic downturns can affect both countries involved in a free trade agreement.

What are the two central ideas of the article?

Economics and choices related to it influence every aspect of society. Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes shaped modern understanding of the impact of these influences.

On the assignment "A Very Big Branch" which agency was responsible for The Clean Air Act (1963)?

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

On the chart about the Branches/Levels of Government, the Governor is the leader of which department in a state?

Executive

A dictatorship can also be a democracy.

False

A ideological interest group would focus on a topic like education, the environment, or politics.

False

All banking customers get the same fees no matter what. Explain your answer.

False

All no-fee accounts limit the number of checks you may write and charge high fees if you exceed that limit.

False

Both money mutual funds and money market deposit accounts are insured against the loss by the FDIC.

False

Certificates of Deposit allow the holder to withdraw money at any time

False

Deposits in credit unions are insured by the FDIC.

False

If you are not satisfied with a good or service you have purchased, you should contact the Federal Trade Commission

False

Lobbyists are not hired by interest groups to meet with members of the government to discuss issues and concerns.

False

McCulloch v. Maryland established Judicial Review

False

Regular savings accounts usually require a large minimum balance

False

Saving and investing are the same

False

Short term loans can be repaid over long periods of time

False

Stocks always pay more than if the money were invested in a savings account

False

The Articles of Confederation was the first to give the national government the power to tax

False

The House of Representatives approves all presidential appointments and treaties

False

The Judicial Branch gains their job through direct elections

False

The Vice President only votes when there is a tie in the House of Representatives

False

When an official has been impeached, they are automatically removed from office.

False

When someone violates a civil law, most likely they will go to jail.

False

You will find single-party systems in most democracies.

False

Which political party supported Alexander Hamilton's opinion that the United States needed a strong central government?

Federalist

Which subsequent change in federal law would have likely changed the decision in State v. Mann?

Fourteenth Amendment

The court ruled in Bethel School District v. Fraser and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier that which part of the First Amendment cna be limited at school?

Freedom of speech can be limited in school because if it proves a disruption in the learning environment then it can be changed or limited.

Which conflict created the debt that American colonists were expected to repay to Great Britain during the 1760s?

French and Indian War

Which is an advantage of resolving group conflicts by consensus?

General agreement is reached among a group's members.

Which U.S. Supreme Court case resulted in this decision? The right of an indigent defendant in a criminal trial to have the assistance of counsel is a fundamental right essential to a fair trial, and petitioner's trial and conviction without the assistance of counsel violated the Fourteenth Amendment. —U.S. Supreme Court, 1963

Gideon v. Wainwright

But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. The Declaration of Independence According to this excerpt, what condition is sufficient cause for people to form a new government?

Government becomes oppressive to its citizens.

Complete the Analogy: Congress is to the General Assembly as The President is to the ______________________.

Governor

Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that school-sponsored activities and publications could be censored despite the guarantees of the First Amendment?

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

Which of these most often results from additional education?

Higher incomes

In contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it occurs as matter of serious concern that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by Geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; whence designing men may endeavour to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heart-burnings which spring from these misrepresentations; they tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection. George Washington's Farewell Address, 1796 How did the country′s leaders respond to George Washington′s warnings against political parties?

His views were largely ignored and political parties rose in prominence to dominate the political system

On your primary source map on page 6, type your central ideas for each: Hobbes Locke Rousseau

Hobbes - Give up rights to government for protection. Locke - Government can't cat without consent. - Taxes - Consent to serve. Rousseau - Slaves have no rights. - Can't be born a free man. - Follow laws made by someone else.

Kevin was born in Greensboro, North Carolina on August 16th 1989. Kevin wishes to run for a Federal office in 2016. At that point in his life what office is he legally eligible to run for & hold?

House of Representatives

Do you agree with the Federalists or Anti-Federalists in their views of the Constitution? Explain.

I agree with the federalist because they wanted the constitution.

In a pure free enterprise system, individuals either purchase health insurance or pay for any medical service needed. How would a socialist economic system be different?

Individuals would choose from health-care options sponsored by the government.

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. The costs of developing new products in intellectual property-related industries . . . can be very high. . . . This investment is very risky since the product under development is not assured success in the market place. Only a small percentage . . . become financially successful for their producers. . . . [G]overnments often provide a minimum level of market exclusivity to . . . developers of products. . . . —"Protecting U.S. Intellectual Property Rights and the Challenges of Digital Piracy," U.S. International Trade Commission, 2003 Based on this excerpt, how does governmental protection of intellectual property promote a free enterprise economy?

Inventors have a stronger incentive to bring new products to market.

Use the excerpt to answer the question that follows. In these and the like Cases, when the Government is dissolved, the People are at liberty to provide for themselves, by erecting a new Legislative, differing from the other, by the change of Persons, or Form, or both as they shall find it most for their safety and good. —John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government, 1690 What best explains how the idea expressed in this excerpt influenced a principle of United States government?

It asserted people's right to form a government that suits their needs.

Which sentence BEST summarizes how the Electoral College affects certain regions of the United States?

It gives small, rural states a bigger role in the election.

Read the information and answer the question that follows. Features of Australian Government • Federal structure composed of six states • British monarch serves as the sovereign of Australia • A Governor General appointed by the monarch serves as the Head of State • Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in the Federal Parliament • Parliament composed of a House of Representatives and a Senate • Members in the House represent different electorates of approximately equal size • There are 76 elected senators, twelve from each state, two from the Northern Territory and two from the Australian Capital Territory • Independent High Court of seven justices appointed by the Governor General What feature of the Australian government is different from the United States government?

It is a constitutional monarchy.

Which of the following options BEST describes the structure of Amendments 11-27?

It is a list of laws added to the U.S. Constitution.

How does the decision in Tinker v. Des Moines protect your First Amendment at school?

It protects the first amendment by letting people have freedom in school as long as it does not cause a disruption in the learning environment.

The furniture in your home is from France, the tea you drink is from Britain, and the clothes you wear are made in Italy. Last year your lumber company sold and shipped many materials to Portugal. Which of the following is true about the economy in which you live?

It relies heavily on trade and commerce.

Look at the map above the article. How does the map relate to the information in the article?

It shows that states have different GDPs just like countries do.

What purpose is served by including Smith's observations on visiting a pin-making factory?

It supports his optimism about the productivity of capitalism.

Which U.S. Supreme Court case allowed the government to restrict the rights of individuals during a time of national crisis?

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Read the passage and answer the question that follows: In 2008, the Arlington County Police Department (ACPD) in Virginia established a Homeland Security Section that interacts in several ways with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). For example, the FBI's Terrorist Screening Center (TSC) provides training to help ACPD officers in making positive identifications of persons known or reasonably suspected of being involved in terrorist activity and in properly handling encounters with such persons. The ACPD requires its officers to report these encounters to the TSC. Positive matches are documented in a police report and forwarded to the ACPD's Homeland Security Section, which follows up on the lead. Which statement best explains the relationship described in this passage?

Law enforcement agencies at different levels cooperate by sharing resources.

Which branch has the highest odds of in-person contact?

Legislative (House)

How have North Carolina legislators responded to the concerns of some parents about the quality of education?

Legislators have allowed the creation of charter schools.

The US Constitution created three branches of government. Each branch is given the power to check, or limit the power of the other two. The system of checks and balances keeps any one branch from getting too powerful. Which big idea matches this statement about the Constitution?

Limited government

The American people are losing their faith in the integrity of Congress. Today we had a real opportunity to curb the influence of the special interests and lobbyists, and to disburse the cloud of corruption hanging over this Congress as a result of the improprieties of a small minority who have disgraced its good name. —Michigan Representative Sandy Levin, Congressional Floor Statement, 2006 Which statement best reflects the point of view of Congressman Levin?

Lobbyists have excessive influence over former colleagues and officials.

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. . . . —1st Amendment Which scenario describes a government action that would be prevented by the protection described in this excerpt?

Local leaders are imprisoned for expressing religious opinions.

Which group (strict or loose interpretation) would support the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland?

Loose because many people do not want to be taxed because this is taking their money that they work very hard for.

Which was the first to limit the power of the monarchy?

Magna Carta

Impulse buyers

Make quick decisions

Use the following excerpt to answer the question: "We conclude that, in the field of public education the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated from the actions have been brought are by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment." - Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) Which Supreme Court decision gave the court the authority to make this ruling?

Marbury v. Madison

Should the federal government have imprisoned Muslim Americans after 9/11? Why or why not?

Maybe it just depends because if they had a reason to be suspicious about a Muslim then yes if they didn't and that persons background is clean then probably not.

Which U.S. Supreme Court case upheld the principle of implied powers?

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

What did the court rule in Miranda v. Arizona that law enforcement agents must do when they arrest an individual?

Miranda won this case because the cops did not read him his rights. The court ruled that the police should have to read citizens that are arrested their Miranda warnings.

Why was the barter system replaced by the use of money?

Money allows value to be calculated.

Use the excerpt below to answer the question: Following September 11, 2001, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was created to strengthen the security of the nation's transportation systems and ensure the freedom of movement for people and commerce. Today, TSA secures the nation's airports and screens all commercial airline passengers and baggage. —"About TSA," Transportation Security Administration, 2012 Which statement is best supported by this excerpt?

Privacy rights are subordinate to public safety concerns.

What is a likely benefit to employers for providing education and training for their employees?

Production capacity of workers will improve.

"WE THE PEOPLE of the United States...do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." - Preamble to the Constitution, 1787 Which big idea matches this statement from the Constitution?

Self-Government

On the assignment, "All in a Day's Work," one responsibility of the President is to choose a new Supreme Court justice to replace one that is retiring. Who approves this appointment?

Senate

This unit is called "Structure & Function of Federalism." What is federalism?

Sharing government power between the national and state levels

How did the ruling in Marbury v. Madison strengthen the power of the Judicial Branch?

Since this happened it established judicial review.

Read the following selection from "AMENDMENT XIII." Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the selection above?

Slavery was abolished in the United States.

Read the following paragraph from the introduction [paragraphs 1-4]. THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution. Which of the following can be MOST reasonably inferred by the paragraph above?

Some state leaders felt wary about the national government having too much power in the Constitution.

Use the information below to answer the question. United States-South Korea Free Trade Agreement, 2012 • South Korea will cut its tariff on U.S. cars from 8% to 4% immediately and eliminate it in five years. • The United States will maintain a 2.5% tariff on South Korean cars for the next five years and then eliminate it entirely. Which statement BEST reflects the long-term effect of this agreement?

South Korean consumers will benefit from lower-priced cars.

Which speaker best describes a common bond of all US citizens? Speaker 1: "We are owners of small family businesses" Speaker 2: "We can trace our ancestry back to Great Britain" Speaker 3: "We have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" Speaker 4: "We support the same political party and its candidates"

Speaker 3

Which is a frequent criticism of special interest groups and their influence on the political process?

Special interest groups have too much influence because they donate significant amounts of money to political campaigns.

How are legal precedents used in the judicial system?

State judges must follow previous rulings of courts in that state.

Use the list below to answer the question. Unemployment Insurance in the United States 1. Established in 1935 to help people who lost jobs through no fault of their own 2. Authorized by federal law but administered by state governments 3. Financed almost entirely by employer payroll taxes 4. Estimated to generate $1.60 in economic activity for every dollar paid Which numbered statement BEST illustrates the relationship of unemployment insurance to the marketplace?

Statement 4

Which type of unemployment BEST replaces the question mark in the title? Causes of ? Unemployment • Permanent shifts in demand for goods and services • Advances in technology

Structural

Which level of NC Courts would hear the following case? Bill committed armed robbery (a felony).

Superior

The Fed is another name for

The Federal Reserve Bank

Which of the following statements is not true of the Federal Reserve System?

The Federal Reserve System's board of governors is appointed by the president of the United States.

Which detail would be MOST important to include in a summary of the article?

The GDP influences economic and political decisions.

Which compromise settled the issue of legislative representation?

The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)

Why does the Constitution of the United States state that revenue bills must originate in the House of Representatives?

The House of Representatives represents the will of the people.

Onehalf of the people of this nation today are utterly powerless to blot from the statute books an unjust law, or to write there a new and a just one. The women, dissatisfied as they are with this form of government, that enforces taxation without representation, -that compels them to obey laws to which they have never given their consent, -that imprisons and hangs them without a trial by a jury of their peers, that robs them, in marriage, of the custody of their own persons, wages and children, -are this half of the people left wholly at the mercy of the other half, in direct violation of the spirit and letter of the declarations of the framers of this government, every one of which was based on the immutable [unchanging] principle of equal rights to all. —Susan B. Anthony, 1872 What change in the United States Constitution addressed the concerns expressed by Susan B. Anthony in her speech?

The Nineteenth Amendment recognized women's right to vote.

The decision in State v. Mann illustrates which legal principle?

The North Carolina Constitution is the law of the state

How do communities settle disagreements about locations for new businesses?

The citizens hold a public hearing to discuss proposed locations for the company.

How are the decisions in Brown v. Board of Education and Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States similar?

The decision in Brown v. Board of Education led to the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement and began the end of segregation. In Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States they ruled in favor of the Civil Rights Act and they wanted to end discrimination also just like Brown v. Board.

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. Computer specialists did not exist in 1910, and there were few, if any, in 1950, so they do not appear in the 1950 census. . . . The first commercial electronic computer was delivered in 1951, and employment data on computer specialists were first collected in the 1960 Census. Computer specialists grew 95 times as a proportion of total employment between 1960 and 2000, from 0.02 percent to 1.92 percent. —"Occupational Changes during the 20th Century," Ian D. Wyatt and Daniel E. Hecker, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006 Which statement is best supported by the excerpt?

The increased use of computers created a new type of employment category.

Use the information below to answer the question. Mr. Bedford can cut his grass in 4 hours. While he is cutting his grass, he loses the chance to earn $100 per hour as an attorney. His neighbor can cut the grass for him in 3 hours, but he will lose the opportunity to earn $25 an hour as a tutor. Mr. Bedford agrees to pay his neighbor $200 to cut his grass. Which statement best explains the solution to the economic problem in this scenario?

The neighbor has the comparative advantage because he has a lower opportunity cost.

Congress ends its session the day a bill is sent to the president. Which action would constitute a pocket veto?

The president sets the bill aside and ignores it.

In a market economic system, what happens to the price of a good when its supply increases and its demand decreases?

The price decreases.

Which of the following sentences from the article BEST develops a central idea?

The quirkiest part of the contest is the Electoral College, created by the nation's founders as a compromise between those who favored a direct popular vote and those who wanted lawmakers to pick the president.

What do the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Federal Reserve have in common?

They are independent agencies.

Which statement BEST explains the purpose of these excerpts from the Bill of Rights? • The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated . . . —4th Amendment • Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. —8th Amendment

They protect citizens who are suspected of crimes.

Read the passage and answer the question that follows: An amicus curiae brief is a statement submitted by a person or organization with a strong interest in or views on the subject matter of a legal action, although not a party to the action. The brief may convey a person's or an organization's specific expertise in the subject or interest in the consequences of the case. The 2003 Supreme Court case Grutter v. Bollinger, which dealt with affirmative action in academic admissions, produced a record number of such briefs. These were filed by academic institutions, professional bodies, bar associations, labor organizations, civil rights groups, state governments, and others. Which statement explains why interested parties submit amicus curiae briefs?

They serve as a way of influencing public policy

Why did the Puritans leave England to establish a colony in America?

They wanted the freedom to practice Christianity in their own way.

How did Britain's practice of salutary neglect before 1763 encourage the colonies to move toward revolution?

This practice supported the development of self-government and domestic production in the colonies.

What amendment was strengthened due to the Mapp v. Ohio decision?

This strengthened the 4th amendment which is search and seizure.

Debit cards operate the same way that checks do

True

International trade allows consumers access to goods that are scarce in their own country

True

One of the General Assembly's responsibilities is to conduct elections

True

Some banks require depositors to keep money in their savings accounts for a period of time

True

Stock prices depend on expectations of how well a company will perform in the future

True

The FDIC insures each depositor's bank account up to $250,000

True

The Speaker of the House is the most powerful member of Congress

True

The United States usually runs a trade deficit each year

True

The fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth amendments all offer protections for those accused of crimes or involved in legal proceedings.

True

The money Americans have in savings accounts help expand the US economy

True

There are strict rules limiting Political Action Committees (PACS) and the donations they give to candidates and political parties.

True

When any bond reaches maturity, the holder earns twice the amount paid

True

When consumers buy goods sooner with the help of credit, the economy grows faster

True

You can buy stocks from either a broker or over the Internet

True

A U.S. auto manufacturer plans to relocate plant operations to Mexico as a result of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Which criticism of free trade agreements would be based on this relocation?

U.S. automotive factory workers will have to compete with foreign workers.

How would U.S. consumers most likely react to a large increase in the excise tax on luxury cars imported from Japan?

U.S. consumers would buy more domestic or European luxury cars.

What would be the effect of the United States establishing tariffs on solar energy products from China?

U.S. consumers would pay more for Chinese solar products.

Use the information below to answer the question. Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the last restrictions on U.S.-Mexican agricultural trade were removed in 2008. Between 2007 and 2008, the value of agricultural exports to Mexico increased by 23%, and the value of imports from Mexico increased by 26% for the main commodities that had been subject to those restrictions. How does this agreement negatively affect the U.S. economy?

U.S. farmers will experience more competition.

Which group would be harmed most by a declining exchange rate for the U.S. dollar compared to the Euro?

U.S. merchants who import goods from Europe

What is the supreme law of the United States?

US Constitution

What is the likely result of an industrial plant closing?

Unemployment in the area increases.

Which is most likely the result of high unemployment?

a decrease in consumer spending

As stock market indicators improve, the business cycle is most likely to be in which phase?

a period of expansion

Which statement best defines deflation?

a persistent fall in the general price level of goods and services

Which is an example of somebody exercising his/her Fifth Amendment rights?

a person accused of murder declining to take the stand in his defense

Use the information to answer the question. Interest rates represent the amount a borrower must pay for the use of money from a lender. Short-term interest rates are frequently associated with loans of less than one year in duration; longterm interest rates are frequently used with loans of ten years or more. Which type of borrower would most likely be interested in longterm interest rates?

a person seeking a mortgage for a first home

Which scenario best demonstrates the role of lobbying in government?

a political action committee supports a presidential candidate

The money the government gives to people who are unemployed is called

a public transfer payment

Who was John Mann?

a slaveholder

Keith was driving from Illinois to his home in Ohio. While on the interstate highway in Indiana, he received a ticket for speeding. Who issued the ticket to Keith?

a state trooper

Read the passage and answer the question that follows. Keith was driving from Illinois to his home in Ohio. While on the interstate highway in Indiana, he received a ticket for speeding. Who issued the ticket to Keith?

a state trooper

Which of the following describes the Public Agenda?

a to-do list of issues that much of the public agrees are a priority

What did the court determine a slave was in State v. Mann?

a type of property

The federal government uses monetary policy to

adjust interest rates based on currency supply

Protectionists believe that limiting trade between countries will

all of the above

The National Labeling and Education Act

all of the above

Which of the following affect the business cycle?

all of the above

Use the excerpt below to complete the sentence. If we try the Constitution . . . we find it neither wholly NATIONAL nor wholly FEDERAL. Were it wholly national, the supreme and ultimate authority would reside in the MAJORITY of the people of the Union. . . . Were it wholly federal, on the other hand, the concurrence of each State in the Union would be essential to every alteration that would be binding on all. . . . —Federalist 39, James Madison, 1788 The Founding Fathers supported the system of government described in this excerpt because this system would

allow for a balance of power between the states and the national government.

Which process is used to change the U.S. Constitution?

amendment

"The people have a right to the privilege of education, and it is the duty of the State to guard and maintain that right" In Leandro v. State of North Carolina the state Supreme Court interpreted this part of the state constitution. What did the court determine the state must provide in terms of education?

an adequate education

Read the information and answer the question. The Council for a Livable World is an organization that seeks a reduction in nuclear weapons. It recommends national security measures and supports the election of congressional candidates who favor similar goals. The organization takes credit for helping to achieve ratification of arms control treaties and other limitations placed on nuclear weapons. Which BEST describes this organization?

an effort by citizens to influence U.S. foreign policy

Which best describes a tariff?

an excise tax on an imported good

Which of the following is the most widely purchased form of property and liability insurance?

automobile insurance

When consumers are asked not to shop at the local grocery store because that store carries products made by a food company whose employees are on strike, they are engaging in

boycott

Use the excerpt below to answer the question The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote . . . the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. —17th Amendment, U.S. Constitution How did the adoption of the 17th Amendment increase democratization in the United States?

by allowing for the direct election of senators

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote . . . the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. —17th Amendment, U.S. Constitution How did the adoption of the 17th Amendment increase democratization in the United States?

by allowing for the direct election of senators

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. It was presumed that a sense of their [framers of the Articles of Confederation] true interests, and a regard to the dictates of good faith, would be found sufficient pledges for the punctual performance of the duty of the members to the federal head. The experiment has, however, demonstrated that this expectation was ill-founded and illusory [misleading]. . . . —Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 23, 1787 How does the U.S. Constitution address this issue?

by creating a system of checks and balances in the federal government.

Like so many others, these men and women met their responsibilities. They played by the rules. They have earned their citizenship. -Remarks by President Barack Obama at a Naturalization Ceremony, 2010 How did the group referred to by the president earn their citizenship?

by demonstrating knowledge of United States history

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society. Those who are creditors, and those who are debtors, fall under a like discrimination. A landed interest, a manufacturing interest, a mercantile interest, a moneyed interest, with many lesser interests, grow up of necessity in civilized nations, and divide them into different classes . . . The regulation of these various and interfering interests forms the principal task of modern legislation, and involves the spirit of party and faction in the necessary and ordinary operations of the government. —James Madison, Federalist No. 10, 1787 How was this issue addressed in the U.S. Constitution?

by establishing a representative form of democracy.

Use the table below to answer the question. Milk Produced in Corn Harvested in One Year One Year (pounds) (thousand metric tons) Country 1 14 billion 236,000 Country 2 77 billion 7,000 How could both Country 1 and Country 2 gain comparative advantages?

by increasing trade with each other and specializing in efficiently produced goods

Which technique is used by political candidates to speak with voters directly?

canvassing

How are production decisions made in a command economy?

centralized planning

Frank is seventy years old and just retired from his job. His goal is to protect his life savings by placing most of his money in investments with the LEAST risk. In order to achieve his goal, where should he invest MOST of his money?

certificates of deposit

Frank is seventy years old and just retired from his job. His goal is to protect his life savings by placing most of his money in investments with the least risk. In order to achieve his goal, where should he invest most of his money?

certificates of deposits

Which banking instrument usually pays the LOWEST interest rate?

checking account

Which of the following describes referendum voting?

citizens vote directly on a proposed law

Serve on a jury Vote in elections Obey all laws These actions are all examples of

civic responsibilities

A married couple decides to get a divorce. They disagree over who gets what. A judge hears both sides and makes a decision about how their property should be divided.

civil law

Court cases involving child adoption fall under which jurisdiction?

civil law

Karen ordered an iPod off the internet and paid with her credit card, but she never received the order. The seller is refusing to refund her money, so she takes the matter to court

civil law

The Smith family has decided to adopt their foster child, Anna. They work with their state adoption agency to complete all of the necessary paperwork

civil law

Use the list to answer the question. Laws Enforced by the Equal Employment Occupation Commission (EEOC) • Equal Pay Act of 1963 • Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 • Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 • Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 These laws are intended to protect which principle of American constitutional democracy?

civil rights

A nation where the basic economic decisions are made by a central authority represents which type of economy?

command

Use the information to answer the item. One Step in the Reunification of Germany In 1990, the citizens of the former communist country of East Germany elected a pro-unification government in hopes of becoming part of the democracy of West Germany. This new government passed a law to privatize the economy and to cut back the state's involvement as quickly and extensively as possible. Based on the information above, East Germany's government planned to transform its economy from

command to market.

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. Acting, therefore, in the defense of our own security and of the entire Western Hemisphere . . . I have directed that the following initial steps be taken immediately: First: To halt this offensive build-up, a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated. All ships of any kind bound for Cuba from whatever nation or port will, if found to contain cargoes of offensive weapons, be turned back. . . . —President John. F. Kennedy's speech announcing the quarantine against Cuba, 1962 Which presidential role was fulfilled in the action described in this excerpt?

commander in chief

According to Hobbes, what is needed to defend against invasion of foreigners or injuries of one another?

common power

How do countries decide what goods to specialize in when participating in international trade?

comparative advantage

Which term is used to describe a company's ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another company?

comparative advantage

What increases as the number of companies making similar products increases?

competition

John Locke stated that social contracts must exist with the ________ of the majority

consent

Which group of people is the Federal Trade Commission mainly concerned with protecting?

consumers

NEWS ALERT: Due to state budget shortfalls, the state legislature is considering a drastic reduction in funding for state parks. Sources say county governments will be expected to make up the difference in funding. These cuts will enable the state to continue making highway improvements Which is the most direct way for a person in this state to ensure that the current level of funding for parks is maintained?

contact state legislators

Which of the following traits makes a person ineligible to vote in many states?

convicted of a felony

Which payment method can cause long-term problems because of high interest rates?

credit cards

A man was caught on tape robbing a gas station. He was arrested, brought to trial, and found guilty of burglary. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison and a fine

criminal law

According to Burke, what determines the price of a good or service? The balance between consumption and production makes price. The market settles, and alone can settle, that price. Market is the meeting and conference of the consumer and producer, when they mutually discover each other's wants. —Edmund Burke, 1795

demand for a product

"From the inception of the juvenile court system, wide differences have been tolerated - indeed insisted upon- between the procedural rights accorded to adults and those of juveniles. In practically all jurisdictions, there are rights granted to adults which are withheld from juveniles. In addition to the specific problems involved in the present case, for example, it has been held that the juvenile is not entitled to bail, to indictment by grand jury, to a public trial, or to trial by jury... It would be extraordinary if our Constitution did not require the procedural regularity and the exercise of care implied in the phrase "due process." Under our Constitution, the condition of being a boy does not justify a kangaroo court [mock court in which the principles of law and justice are disregarded]. Justice Abe Fortas, in re Gault (1967) According to Justice Fortas, what is the foundation of an individual's freedom?

due process of law

Hernandez v. Texas (1954) "In 1950, Pete Hernandez was tried and convicted of a felony. His lawyers argued that Hernandez did not receive a trial by an impartial jury because no Mexican American had served on a jury for more than 25 years in Texas where the case was tried. After an appeal, the US Supreme Court reversed the conviction." Based on the information above, which constitutional right did the Supreme Court advance in the Hernandez v. Texas ruling?

equal protection and due process of law

The U.S. Supreme Court adhered to which constitutional principle in its decision in Brown v. Board of Education?

equal protection under the law

Use the excerpts below to answer the question. 13th Amendment Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude . . . shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. 14th Amendment All persons born or naturalized in the United States . . . are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. 15th Amendment The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged . . . on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude—. —U.S. Constitution Which goal were these amendments meant to reinforce?

expansion of democracy

Use the list below to answer the question. • Patent and copyright cases • Bankruptcy filings • Airline regulation disputes Which court system would have jurisdiction over the cases in this list?

federal

Which phrase best describes the effect of an increase in U.S. steel imports?

fewer goods sold by U.S. steel companies

government taxing, spending, and payments make up

fiscal policy

Which action should a country take to gain a comparative advantage?

focus on goods that can be most efficiently produced in order to increase trade

Who were the Federalists, and how did they believe government should be organized?

for the Constitution, 3 branches, Federalism, a Republic

NAFTA is an agreement among the U.S., Canada, and Mexico primarily intended to promote

free trade

What were the problems with the Articles of Confederation?

gave most powers to the states and left federal government weak

What important economic concept is evident when a student wears a shirt made in Malaysia, drives a car made in Germany, and eats fruit produced in Mexico?

global interdependence

A state's national guard is controlled by which government official?

governor

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. . . . .[S]ome years ago the Soviet Union had such a morale problem with the workers on the collective farms that they finally gave each worker a little plot of ground and told him he could farm it for himself and sell in the open market what he raised. Today, less than 4 percent of Russia's agricultural land is privately farmed in that way, and on that 4 percent is raised 40 percent of all of Russia's vegetables, and 60 percent of all its meat. — "What Ever Happened to Free Enterprise," Governor Ronald Reagan, 1978 According to this excerpt, which advantage did the Soviet Union gain by adopting a characteristic of the free enterprise system?

greater efficiency of production

The dollar value of all goods and services produced annually in the United States is called

gross domestic product

Which statement best describes the effect of this third party candidate on the 1992 presidential election? The 1992 election was the first presidential election since 1968 in which a third party candidate garnered a significant percentage of the popular vote. Although billionaire Texas businessman Ross Perot failed to win any Electoral College votes, his presence had an important effect on the election. —Bancroft Library, University of California

his candidacy drew votes away from the incumbent

Which of the following is NOT thoroughly discussed in the Bill of Rights?

how the rights listed in the document would be enforced

Read the passage and answer the question that follows. Benjamin Franklin appeared before the Parliament of Great Britain in 1766 to explain reasons why American colonists opposed the Stamp Act. [Member of Parliament]: Do the Americans pay any considerable taxes among themselves? [Franklin]: Certainly many, and very heavy taxes . . . . [Member of Parliament]: For what purposes are those taxes laid? [Franklin]: For the support of the civil and military establishment of the country, and to discharge the heavy debt contracted in the last war [the Seven Years' War] . . . . [Member of Parliament]: Was it an opinion in America before 1763 that the Parliament had no right to lay taxes and duties there? [Franklin]: I have never heard any objection to the right of laying duties to regulate commerce; but a right to lay internal taxes was never supposed to be in Parliament, as we are not represented there . . . . According to Benjamin Franklin, taxes were only legitimate under what condition?

if taxpayers' representatives agreed to them

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Amendment V of the U.S. Constitution Based on this amendment, under which circumstance can the government detain a citizen without making formal charges?

if the accused is a member of the armed services during a war or national crisis

What kind of powers are defined by the Necessary and Proper Clause?

implied

Use the list below to answer the question. • A new international trade agreement is established. • Foreign manufacturers plan to increase exports to the United States. • U.S. manufacturers face more competition in the domestic marketplace. The developments in this list would most likely lead U.S. manufacturers to

improve the quality of products

Use the list below to complete the sentence. • A new international trade agreement is established. • Foreign manufacturers plan to increase exports to the United States. • U.S. manufacturers face more competition in the domestic marketplace. The developments in this list would MOST likely lead U.S. manufacturers to

improve the quality of products.

According to the philosophy of natural rights, a citizen is entitled to revolt against a government only when it attempts to take away the people's

inalienable rights.

What will mostly likely occur due to protective tariff?

increase the sales of domestic producers

Which most likely occurs due to increased trade between individuals and between nations?

increased specialization

All... will bear in mind this sacred principle, that though the will of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that will to be rightful must be reasonable; that the minority possess their equal rights, which equal law must protect, and to violate would be oppression. Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind. —Thomas Jefferson What democratic principle is the most similar to the quotation used here?

individual rights

Which goal will be achieved through a tight money policy?

inflation is controlled

Which characteristic is required of the third party in arbitration?

is impartial on the issue

In the theory of comparative advantage, when should a nation specialize in a good?

its cost is least in terms of alternative goods that might otherwise be produced

On one of the sheets on Checks and Balances: - the power of deciding whether a law is constitutional or not is called what?

judicial review

What was the ultimate result of the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison?

judicial review

Julie was pulled over by the police at 2:00am and was charged with breaking the curfew law in her town. She was fined and released back to her parents

juvenile law

Which of the following is NOT a component of American democracy?

king and queen

Which of the following is not a component of American democracy?

kings and queens

Which of the following best replaces the question mark in the list below? Basic Responsibilities of Good Citizens Understanding Key Issues ___________?___________ Voting in Elections

learning about the positions of candidates

Read the information and answer the question. In Baltimore, the mayor can refuse to sign a bill passed by the city council. However, the city council can still make the bill a law if a three-quarters majority votes to reject the mayor's decision. At the federal level of government, the president can refuse to sign a bill into law that Congress has passed. Congress can reject the president's decision if two-thirds of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate vote to do so. This information describes which part of the lawmaking process?

legislative override of executive vetoes

If the economy is in a recession, what will the Federal Reserve Board most likely do to initiate a recovery?

lower interest rates

Which is most likely the result of healthy competition in the market?

lower prices better quality greater choice of products

Wholesalers buy from

manufacturers and sell to retailers

Use the table below to answer the question. Individual Contributions to a Presidential Campaign, 2008 Contribution Amount Contribution Total Bracket $200 and Under $335,139,233 $200.01-$499 $72,214,807 $500-$999 $56,210,349 $1000-$1999 $72,764,448 $2000 and Over $112,049,973 Source: Federal Election Commission, 2012 Based on the information in the table, what statement can be made about campaign contributions?

many citizens contribute by making small donations

In Country B, business owners decide what to produce, how much to produce, and who to produce for. The CEO of Tarheelia Audio, one of the leading audio equipment producers in the country, recently decided to increase production levels of the company's newest MP3 player model, and at the same time decrease production levels of their most popular CD player. The reason for the emphasis on MP3 players is that demand for CD players has decreased dramatically as MP3 technology has taken over the market. Simply put, there is more profit to be made in the MP3 market.

market

Exchange rates are determined by

market forces

When a soldier failed to return to base after going on leave, he was charged and brought to trial for being AWOL (Absent Without Official Leave)

military law

In Country D, business owners make most economic decisions. As long as they abide by fair trade policies, they can decide what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce without government intervention. These decisions are made by business owners based on what happens in the market. For example, a computer manufacturer recently developed a new video gaming system, but decided to wait until closer to the holidays to release the system to the public because it believed anticipation among consumers would allow the company to charge a higher price for the system

mixed

Use the list below to answer the question. Characteristics of the Hairstyling Profession • Varying skill levels among hairstylists • High product differentiation • Few barriers for entry into the profession Which market structure describes this profession?

monopolistic competition

What remedy was sought in Leandro v. State?

more money for poor districts

The process of becoming a citizen of another country is called:

naturalization

Read the excerpt from Amendment V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger... What is the connotation of the word "capital" in the sentence above? Which phrase from the excerpt supports your answer?

negative; or otherwise infamous crime

If Mexico is able to grow grapes better than any other country, when it comes to growing grapes, Mexico has

none of the above

Which of the following is a key part of mass marketing?

one-price system

Which economic concept is discussed in this excerpt? Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. —President Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953

opportunity cost

If a person accidentally writes a check for more than the amount in his or her bank account, he or she may be charged a(n) =

overdraft penality

Which term BEST describes someone who is partial to a specific political party?

partisan

Which term best describes a list of principles and beliefs held by a political party

party platform

Which is the most probable penalty for a person who violates a civil law?

payment

People are currently helped by the U.S. Social Security Act of 1935 through

pensions for the elderly and unemployment compensation.

Which conclusion is best supported by the information in this table? Voter Statistics for 2008 Presidential Election Age Percent Voted 18-24 48.5 25-34 57.0 35-44 62.8 45-54 67.4 55-64 71.5 65-74 72.4 75+ 67.8

people become more involved in electoral politics as they age

Which of the following is the MAIN source of federal government revenue?

personal income tax

Use the list below to answer the question. How Citizens Can Affect Public Policies • Participating in voter registration drives • Writing to local representatives • ? Which action would BEST complete this list?

petitioning the government

Use the passage below to answer the question. Ellen received an email that appeared to be from her bank but was not. The email said it was urgent for Ellen to verify her personal information by clicking on the embedded link. The link appeared to be the web site of her bank, but it actually belonged to an Internet scammer. It asked Ellen to provide her Social Security number, bank account number, password, and other personal information. The Internet scammer then used this information to steal Ellen's identity. Which type of fraud is described in this passage?

phishing and spoofing

"All political power is vested in and derived from the people; all government of right originates from the people, is founded upon their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole." North Carolina Constitution, Article I: Section 2 This excerpt describes what concept?

popular sovereignty

Read the passage and answer the question that follows. Voted, as the opinion of this town, that the levying money within this province for the use and service of the Crown is in violation of the . . . royal charter; and the same is also in violation of the undoubted natural rights of subjects . . . freely to give and grant their own money for the service of the Crown, with their own consent, in person, or by representatives of their own free election. —Resolutions of the Boston Town Meeting, September 13, 1768 Which principle of constitutional democracy does this document express?

popular sovereignty

Which factor can cause a shift on the demand curve?

prices of other goods

Which best describes the stance of most economists on international trade issues?

pro-free trade as it results in a more efficient allocation of resources

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. The mission of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) is to conserve the scenery, the natural and historic objects, and the wildlife in United States' national parks, and to provide for the public's enjoyment of these features in a manner that will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. —National Park Service Mission Statement Which goal would a government pursue by creating the organization described in this excerpt?

protecting scarce resources of the nation

Today, a significant portion of the US workforce is dedicated to

providing services

What term describes the specification of the maximum amounts of commodities which may be imported into a country in any period of time?

quota

Which procedure allows voters to remove an elected official from office?

recall

Use the list below to answer the question. The economy has contracted in three consecutive quarters. Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) fell 1.4% compared with the year before. Estimates report that the economy will continue to contract in the fourth quarter. This scenario describes which part of the business cycle?

recession

A _______ is a way for citizens to approve or reject proposed state laws

referendum

Which government action violates the right to due process?

requiring a criminal defendant to answer a question posed by a prosecuting attorney

What might a company do in order to increase profits?

retrain workers in more efficient technologies

This verdict of the Supreme Court addressed which issue? In 1978, in the University of California Regents v. Bakke, the Supreme Court made a decision against special admission policies used in institutions of higher learning. The Court ruled that these policies violated individual rights protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.

reverse discrimination

This list includes examples of political actions that are protected as part of which constitutional guarantee? • Lobbying • Letterwriting and email campaigns • Supporting referenda • Collecting signatures for ballot initiatives

right to petition

Read the passage and answer the question that follows. As part of the investigation into the Watergate scandal, a special prosecutor requested that President Richard Nixon turn over audio tapes that had recorded conversations in the Oval Office of the White House. President Nixon refused, claiming that "executive privilege" gave him the right to withhold information in the interests of confidentiality or national security. In 1974, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Nixon that "the fundamental demands of due process of law in the fair administration of justice" outweighed the president's claim to executive privilege. The Supreme Court's decision emphasized what important principle of constitutional government?

rule of law

Which national officials are elected exclusively by voters?

senators and representatives

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. When the legislative and executive . . . are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws . . . —Spirit of Laws, Baron de Montesquieu, 1748 Which U.S. constitutional principle was influenced by this idea?

separation of powers

Which law enforcement agency would most likely respond to a conflict between neighbors who live outside the city limits?

sheriff 's department

Which law enforcement agency would most likely respond to a conflict between neighbors who live outside the city limits?

sheriff's department

Which law enforcement agency would have jurisdiction over a domestic dispute outside city limits?

sheriff's patrol

If a family does not have enough cash for a new refrigerator but will have the cash within a month, it needs

short-term credit

If a city official has not fulfilled campaign promises, the MOST effective way to influence the next election is by

signing a petition

Whose individual rights did the state constitution protect in State v. Mann?

slaveholders

A man claims that he paid $450 for a lawn mower he never received. In which court should he sue to collect his money, and who should he bring suit against?

small claims court, against the seller

What does Rousseau refer to when he states that there is one law which needs unanimous consent?

social compact

What impact do third parties and their candidates have on US politics?

split the vote, which can change the outcome of an election

Use the chart below to answer the question. ? • By purchasing shares, you become part-owner of the company. • Risk is high because your money is not insured and your investment is not diversified. • Potential return on investment is high; if the company's value increases, your rate of return increases. • Liquidity is high; you may withdraw your money at any time. What is the best title for this chart?

stocks

What are the major differences between the Articles of Confederation and the proposed Constitution?

stronger central government

Which issue was the focus of the American Confederation as a result of Shays's Rebellion?

stronger central government

The decision in the case of Leandro v. State of North Carolina (1997) protected the rights of which group?

students in public schools

Use the list below to answer the question. Federal Trade Commission • Enforces antitrust laws • Collects complaints about identify theft and Do Not Call violations Which of these is also a responsibility of the Federal Trade Commission?

suing companies that falsely advertise products

Which of the following is a responsibility of the US Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission?

supervise corporate behavior

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. —Preamble, U.S. Constitution The Preamble expands on which idea found in the Declaration of Independence?

that people establish governments to protect their rights

Identify a current criticism of the election process

the Electoral College vote does not always represent the popular vote

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees all persons equal access to public recreation facilities?

the Fourteenth Amendment

Read the passage and answer the question that follows. Two police officers suspect that the owner of a house is selling pirated DVD movies. They go to the house and knock on the door. One of the officers explains his suspicions to a man who answers the door and asks to search the house. The man tells the officers that he doesn't live there but lets them into the house, anyway. After searching the house, the officers find hundreds of copies of a recent movie that they determine to be pirated. The homeowner challenges the charges that are subsequently filed against her. A judge hearing the homeowner's challenge to the officers' actions would have to consider which constitutional right?

the Fourth Amendment right against illegal search and seizure

Read the passage and answer the question that follows. A college student is arrested for stealing a classmate's term paper and selling it on the Internet. When the accused student appears before the court, he asks for a lawyer to be present to help in his defense. The judge refuses the student's request on the grounds that he was not being charged with a felony. The student is subsequently convicted. An appeals court reviewing this case would have to consider which constitutional right?

the Sixth Amendment right to counsel

Use the excerpt to answer the question. "...Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed..." - The Declaration of Independence, 1776 What is the source of government power?

the agreement of the people

Which term completes the list? The Five Stages of ______?________ 1. Growth 2. Peak 3. Recession 4. Trough 5. Recovery

the business cycle

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. . . . when the government is dissolved, the people are at liberty to provide for themselves, by erecting a new legislative . . . as they shall find it most for their safety and good: for the society can never . . . lose the native and original right it has to preserve itself. . . . —Second Treatise from a Civil Government by John Locke, 1690 Which principle of the Declaration of Independence does this excerpt most directly reflect?

the concept that government should be created by the people and for the people

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. ...when the government is dissolved, the people are at liberty to provide for themselves, by erecting a new legislative... as they shall find it most for their safety and good: for the society can never... lose the native and original right it has to preserve itself... - Second Treatise from a Civil Government by John Locke, 1690 Which principle of the Declaration of Independence does this excerpt most directly reflect?

the concept that government should be created by the people and for the people

Which factor contributed to a victory in the reform movement discussed by President Wilson? We have made partners of the women in this war; shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and toil, and not to a partnership of privilege and right? —Woodrow Wilson, 1918

the efforts of a citizen movement

Sheriffs' primary responsibility is to enforce laws at the local level. Who is responsible for enforcing laws at the state level?

the governor

The duties of the State Board of Elections are to guide and enforce Federal and State laws governing all elections conducted within the state. In addition to ensuring these laws are enforced, the State Board of Elections is responsible for implementing policies and procedures to ensure these laws are adhered to in a collective and effective manner. Which description summarizes the functions and authority of the State Board of Elections?

the group that administers the laws, policies, and procedures of the federal, state, and local election processes.

Changes in global labor markets have contributed MOST to which of the following changes within the U.S. economy?

the growth of the service sector

Which aspect of presidential elections is illustrated in this description? Democratic frontrunner John Kerry answered questions like, "Were you cool in college?" on MTV's "Choose or Lose." President George W. Bush defended his military record to Tim Russert on "Meet the Press." Former Democratic hopeful Howard Dean and his wife sat on the couch across from Diane Sawyer and discussed Dean's allegedly hot temper on "Primetime." —"Think Democracy," 2004 Election

the influence of mass media on the political process

Which concern prompted the addition of the first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States?

the lack of protection of individual rights

One way the federal government can control inflation is to increase

the money supply

What is used to determine the number of electoral votes for each U.S. state?

the number of U.S. representatives and senators from the state

Who filed the lawsuit that started Leandro v. State?

the parents of students

Which is the most reliable source of information for learning about the views of a political party?

the party platform

According to the article, each of the following is associated with the Electoral College system, EXCEPT:

the process of holding a caucus

Use the information to answer the question. The Intercoastal Aluminum Company makes aluminum products. It buys a fixed amount of aluminum through yearly contracts. Business in aluminum beverage cans is growing rapidly, while the market for aluminum foil has declined. This year, Intercoastal decides to use more of its aluminum for cans and less for foil. In this scenario, what is the opportunity cost of producing more cans?

the profits for the foil that was being produced

Which statement explains the significance of political campaigns in American politics

they are an organized effort to influence voter decisions

How are leaders selected for the US Senate?

through public elections

If a judge remands a case, where is the case sent?

to a lower court

Why did the Reform party create this list of priorities? 1992 Reform Party Platform • Reduce the federal deficit • Establish term limits • Improve balance of trade

to communicate political goals to the public.

Which power of government does the Constitution reserve for Congress?

to declare war against foreign nations

Read Section 1 from "AMENDMENT XVIII." Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. What was the intended purpose of this section?

to describe prohibited activities in specific detail so it would be easier to enforce

Why does the government allow a tax deduction for interest payments on mortgage loans?

to encourage people to invest in homes

Why does the U.S. government enforce antitrust laws?

to ensure competition in the marketplace

"The interpretation of the laws is the proper and peculiar province [responsibility] of the courts. A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges as a fundamental law. It therefore belongs to them to ascertain its meaning as well as the meaning of any particular act proceeding from the legislative body." Federalist #78, 1788 According to Federalist #78, what is a duty of the judicial branch?

to ensure that US laws align with the Constitution

What is the main goal of political lobbies?

to influence policy decisions in government

What is the primary responsibility of the U.S. Department of Justice?

to investigate violations of federal law

Why did the Founding Fathers create a government based on federalism? Federalism in the United States: • Enumerated Powers (those assigned to the national government) • Reserved Powers (those assigned to the states) • Concurrent Powers (those shared by national and state governments)

to limit the power of the national government

How do banks use deposits?

to make loans

Use the information in the table to answer the question that follows. Practices What They Did Grandfather clauses Exempted pre-1867 voters from stricter restrictions that regulated voting. Literacy test Administered at the discretion of an official as a qualification for voter registration. Poll tax Required the payment of a fee as a qualification to register as a voter The practices listed above were methods commonly used in the United States from the 1860s until the 1960s for what purpose?

to prevent African American citizens from exercising rights

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. Congress shall have Power . . . To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries. . . . —Article I, Section 8, U.S. Constitution Which reason BEST explains the inclusion of this clause in the U.S. Constitution?

to provide incentives for innovation by protecting creative work

Vision The Selective Service System will be an active partner in the national preparedness community that anticipates and responds to the changing needs of the Nation Mission The statutory missions of Selective Service are to be prepared to provide trained and untrained personnel to the DoD [Department of Defense] in the event of a national emergency... -Selective Service System, 2011 Which phrase best summarizes the responsibility of many US citizens in connection with this organization?

to register for availability in the event of a military draft

Why does the author include the last three paragraphs in the article?

to reinforce the idea of the powerful influence of economics on daily life in society

Research suggests many Chinese businesses engage in copyright infringement. Losses to the United States in 2002 were reported to be $1.85 billion for piracy of business software, video games, motion pictures, recordings and books. How could this information be used to argue against a free trade agreement with China?

to show an increase in violations of American intellectual property rights

Which term describes the willingness of citizens to respect the rights of people who hold attitudes and beliefs different from their own?

tolerance

Tariffs, import quotas, and embargoes are all examples of

trade barriers

Supporters of protectionism argue for trade barriers on imports for all of the following reasons except

trade barriers protect against the effects of specialization in the global marketplace.

If a country buys more than it sells, it has a

trade deficit

A consumer wants to buy a new computer. Although the computer will be more expensive, it will be faster and more efficient than the less expensive model. Which term describes such an economic choice?

trade-off

In Country C, people rarely engage in market transactions. For the most part, they do not need to. Families grow their own vegetables and raise their own animals or hunt to get meat. Certain times get tough for people in Country C, like when the winters are particularly cold or animals change their migration patterns. For this reason, it is important that families stock up in "good times" and develop relationships with neighbors with whom they can share or trade.

traditional

The United States has which type of political party system?

two-party

Read the paragraph from Amendment IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Which of the following BEST expresses what is meant by the phrase "but upon probable cause"?

unless there is a good reason

Which action is a civic responsibility?

voting in national elections

Which rights were extended by the 15th, 19th, 23rd, and 26th amendments?

voting rights

The law of demand states

when prices go up, demand decreases

When is a jury "hung"?

when the jury cannot agree on a verdict

If you use ATMs frequently, why is it important to be sure your bank as ATMs conveniently located near you?

won't get charged to use other banks' ATMs

Mutual funds can be purchased only at banks

False

NC Judges are appointed by the Governor

False

NC amendments are added in a similar fashion to amendments to the US Constitution

False

Which group strongly supported the addition of the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution?

Anti-Federalists

Which level of courts has the authority to hear/revise a case?

Appellate

Protectionists are in favor of the North American Free Trade Agreement

False

On the assignment "Congress" - what does bicameral mean?

2 house legislature

How does the Electoral College limit the voting power of citizens?

Because of the Electoral College system, sometimes a president is elected who did not receive a majority of popular votes.

In NC, Mayors have the majority of executive power in local governments.

False

Which agency is primarily responsible for informing the public about a flu epidemic?

Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

Which statement BEST demonstrates the difference between presidential and parliamentary systems?

Checks and balances limit presidential authority, while the parliament has supreme power.

Which role of the president is being exercised by the example below? The president lights the National Christmas Tree each year.

Chief of State

Use the excerpt to answer the question that follows. England, Sir, is a nation, which still I hope respects, and formerly adored, her freedom. The Colonists emigrated from you when this part of your character was most predominant; and they took this bias and direction the moment they parted from your hands. They are therefore not only devoted to Liberty, but to Liberty according to English ideas, and on English principles. —Edmund Burke, "On Moving . . . for Conciliation with the Colonies," 1775 What historical evidence about government in colonial America supports the point expressed in this excerpt?

Colonists followed English traditions in shaping many of their institutions of government.

State planners in Country A met to decide what the country should focus on producing. After much deliberation, they decided it would be in the country's best interest to use their limited resources to produce automobiles instead of other consumer goods, such as electronics or textiles. The state planners passed their decision down to factories, and allocated to them raw materials, workers, and other resources needed to produce automobiles. Factories were then told how much they should produce with these resources and who the final products should be shipped to.

Command

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. Real gross domestic product—the output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—increased at an annual rate of 3.1 percent in the third quarter of 2012. . . . In the second quarter, real GDP increased 1.3 percent. —Bureau of Economic Analysis, "National Income and Product Accounts," 2012 Which part of the business cycle is described by this excerpt?

Expansion

Brian is flying his toy flying drone near a major international airport. What Federal agency will investigate if airport personnel notice Brian's drone in the airspace?

FAA

Use the list below to answer the question. • Nine of the 10 hottest years on record for the planet have occurred since 2000. • Record drought has devastated corn-crop yields, and corn prices have increased by 90% since 2010. • Drought impacts global food supplies. Which scenario is a most likely result of the problem described in this list?

Farmers will make decisions based on the scarcity of water.

Which level of US Court would the following case be heard at? Joe, a citizen of NC, was sued by Rhonda, a citizen of SC. The court found in favor of Rhonda, and Joe decided to keep pursuing his case in favor of a different verdict.

Federal Appellate Courts

Police officers investigate local crimes and may arrest those accused of breaking local laws. Which agency has a similar role at the national level?

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

To prevent depositors from losing money in bank failures, the government established the

Federal Reserve System

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. As soon as several of the inhabitants of the United States have taken up an opinion or a feeling which they wish to promote in the world, they look out for mutual assistance; and as soon as they have found one another out, they combine. From that moment they are no longer isolated men, but a power seen from afar, whose actions serve for an example. . . . Nothing, in my opinion, is more deserving of our attention than the intellectual and moral associations of America. —Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835 Which statement explains why the type of association described in the excerpt is important to U.S. society?

Individual freedom means citizens must choose to join together to change society.

How would an extended recession in the United States likely affect international economies?

International economies may also fall into recession.

One of the decisions reached at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 was that representation and voting in the House of Representatives would be based on population. Which statement BEST explains a reason for this decision?

It addressed the concerns of larger states about equal representation in the Senate.

Who Rules: None - Anarchy One - Monarchy; Dictatorship Few - Oligarchy All - Democracy (direct and representative) Where would you put a theocracy on this chart?

It could be in any of the categories

Which statement best explains the relationship between long-term and short-term interest rates?

Long-term interest rates are less likely to change over time.

Read this sentence from the section "The Argument." So the winners in this long process include local television stations that reap these ad dollars and the political junkies who love to watch the saga unfold. Does this sentence support the MAIN idea of the article? Why?

No, the cost and length of campaigns are not a focus of the article.

You can bank without a bank. Explain what this statement means and list three examples.

Other businesses that offer checking and savings accounts: Credit Unions Money Market Mutual Accounts Cash Management Accounts

Read the passage and answer the question that follows. The Internet, automated teller machines, and credit cards have made life more convenient, but they have also made identity theft more common. Congress enacted the Fair and Accurate Credit Act of 2003 (known as the FACT Act) to help respond to this problem. Still, law enforcement agencies confront challenges when dealing with it. The FACT Act requires local police to provide victims of identity theft with police reports. Jurisdiction issues make many of these cases difficult. For example, the charge on a victim's credit card account may have been processed in a different state than the one where the victim lives. Law enforcement experts have called for more training to prepare police to handle these cases more effectively. Which statement best explains the kind of law enforcement response that identity theft requires?

Police agencies at the federal, state, and local levels must cooperate with each other.

Which statement describes an important advantage of the government system described in this excerpt? [T]he power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. . . . The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. —Federalist 51

Power is limited in both governments to protect individual rights.

Congress can pass laws, but the __________ can veto laws, and the _____________ can declare laws unconstitutional.

President; Supreme Court

The cost of manufacturing a specific good in a developing country is less than the cost to manufacture it in the United States. What is the most likely result if that country exports the good to U.S. markets?

Prices will decrease and the quantity produced will increase.

Which phrase best explains the difference between nominal and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

Real GDP is adjusted for inflation.

Use the excerpt below to answer the question. The Federal Reserve typically plays a large role in promoting recoveries by reducing the federal funds rate and keeping it low until the economy is again on a solid footing. Reducing the federal funds rate tends to reduce other interest rates and boost asset prices, thus encouraging spending and investment throughout the economy. —Janet L. Yellen, Vice Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, February 11, 2013 Which statement would be a criticism of the actions described in this excerpt?

Reducing the federal funds rate will lead to price inflation.

In 1980, the United States imposed export quotas on grain sold to the Soviet Union in response to the armed invasion of Afghanistan. What was one result of this policy?

Revenue for US farmers decreased

Which Enlightened Philosopher said: "the vote of the majority always binds all the rest"?

Rousseau

Which action is best defined as a civic responsibility?

Serving on a jury

U.S. farmers will experience more competition.

Which case would most likely be heard by the U.S. Supreme Court?

a case in which a defendant's rights are denied and the case is further appealed

Of the following, who will most likely have financial security in the U.S. economy?

a college graduate

What would a trend of increasing unemployment over an extended period indicate?

a contraction phase of the business cycle

When judges use past cases to help decide future cases, they are following _________

precedent

Which of the following economic activities are people free to do under the free enterprise system?

start their own business

The case of State v. Mann addresses legal questions involving the interpretation of which type of law?

state constitutional law

Which court would be the first to determine the constitutionality of a local law?

state supreme court

Which term is defined as a tax on imported goods?

tariff

Use the text to answer the question that follows. We, whose names are underwritten, . . . Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, . . . covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. —Mayflower Compact, 1620 What best explains the purpose of this document?

to organize a government for the Plymouth colony

According to John Locke, what was the primary purpose of government?

to protect natural rights of individuals

Why are national party conventions held by the two major U.S. political parties?

to select a presidential candidate

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