Clinical Application List #1 Final Exam Questions Part 1
Adhesive capsulitis is a disorder that is characterized by inflammation, decreased range of motion, and thickening of the joint capsule. In this disorder, fibrous adhesions form and there is a decreased synovial fluid in the joint. In what joint does this pathology occur? A. shoulder girdle joint B. glenohumeral joint C. elbow joint D. hip joint
glenohumeral joint
Myocardial infarction occurs when the heart isn't receiving enough oxygen. The reason for this is blockage in the main arteries bringing oxygenated blood back to the heart. What is the named of these arteries that become blocked? A. pulmonary arteries B. interventricular arteries C. coronary arteries D. marginal arteries
Coronary arteries
A person participating in endurance sports such as running and dancing or a person with an occupation that requires prolonged walking or standing has an increased risk for plantar fasciitis. It is believed that development of plantar fasciitis results from a combination of predisposing factors. All of these are predisposing factors of plantar fasciitis except? A. age B. excessive supination during gait C. having a tight foot and calf muscles D. having a low arch
excessive supination during gait
A defect in a gene that makes the protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator is the cause of cystic fibrosis. According to recent research, this problem causes an imbalance of which key substance in the body? A. hormones B. glucose C. carbohydrates D. fatty acids
Fatty Acids
Pressure ulcers are very preventable. However, it has been said that they are the most costly preventable injury. They estimate 6 billion dollars each year for the damage and pain that they cause to individuals. Why is it that pressure ulcers are so costly, if they are so easily prevented? A. they have no signs and symptoms B. there is no cure C. individuals are uneducated and let signs and symptoms go unnoticed D. the pressure ulcers are usually the cause of a major surgery
Individuals are uneducated and let signs and symptoms go unnoticed
A way to test for an ACL tear is by a physical exam. Commonly, Doctors use an array of tests to check the injury. Which of the following is NOT a way to determine if an ACL tear has occurred? A. Lachman test B. Anterior drawer test C. Reverse lachman test D. Single apnoea test
Single apnoea test
Studies have shown that approximately 1 in every 3,000 individuals will sustain and ACL injury annually. 14 to 29 year olds are most commonly to tear an ACL. What is NOT a contributing factor in the development of this condition? A. body mechanics B. joint laxity C. narrow intercondylar notch D. protruding tibial tuberosity
Protruding tibial tuberosity
The exact etiology of patellofemoral syndrome is unknown. However, it has a direct association with the activity level of the patient. Which type of person would be most likely to develop this condition? A. a 36 year-old male who stands at his job all day B. a 15 year-old female who plays basketball C. a 42 year-old female who walks 5 miles everyday D. a 17 year-old male who runs track
A 15 year-old female who plays basketball
Today there are over 6 million people with Fibromyalgia. And, each person afflicted can possess a variety of symptoms. With this in mind, what is the most effective management of fibromyalgia to encompass all areas of pain? A. psychotherapy B. medications C. physical therapy D. aquatic therapy E. a multidisciplinary approach
A multidisciplinary approach
Airway clearance techniques are used to help move thick mucus out of the lungs of someone with cystic fibrosis. There are various ways to accomplish this. Which of these are airway clearance techniques used for cystic fibrosis? A. autogenic drainage B. all of these C. high frequency chest wall oscillation D. chest physiotherapy
All of these
A 15-year-old girl was admitted into the hospital suffering from a full-thickness burn by having an acidic chemical go onto her right arm in chemistry lab. After receiving surgery for an autograft of her right arm, physical therapy was advised. Her parents decided that she would not be attending physical therapy. Which of the following is not an effect the 15-year-old girl will experience for not attending physical therapy? A. loss of joint range of motion B. impaired strength C. decrease in edema D. sensory loss
Decrease in edema
Stretching and strengthening exercises should be included in treatment of patellofemoral syndrome. Focusing on stretching of the iliotibial band and stregthening of the vests medals obliqus. What exercise should be avoided? A. straight leg hip abductions B. straight leg raises C. deep squats D. mini-squats with hip adductors
Deep squats
The major complaint of those with plantar fasciitis is pain and stiffness in the bottom of the heal, although some experience pain at the mid-foot area. Some people describe the pain as dull, while other experience a sharp pain, and some feel a burning or ache on the bottom of the foot extending outward from the heel. Plantar Fasciitis commonly causes stabbing pain that usually occurs when? A. middle of the day after you have been up and moving for a while B. at night right before you go to bed and have been walking around all day long C. in the morning when you wake up and start walking D. during the middle of the night while you are sleeping
In the morning when you wake up and start moving
Total hip arthroplasty is a surgical procedure in which diseased parts of the hip joint are removed and replaced with prostheses. A total hip arthroplasty may be recommended due to all of the following. Which disease is the most common cause of joint damage in the hip, and is a result of joint and bone deterioration and bone to bone contact? A. osteonecrosis B. osteoarthritis C. necrosis D. avascular necrosis
Osteoarthritis
There is three different grade levels pertaining to MCL sprains. There is grade 1, grade, 2, and grade 3. A grade 2 injury to the MCL is characterized as what? A. partial tearing of the ligament's fibers B. inflammation of the ligament's fibers C. complete tearing of the ligament's fibers D. partial fracture of tibia
PArtial tearing of the ligament's fibers
Fibromyalgia is a complex disease process. The exact etiology is unknown however there are many factors associated with the disease. In regards to complexity, what is the most likely clinical presentation for Fibromyalgia? A. headaches associated with fatigue and gait disturbances B. pain in 11 of 18 standardized sites C. pain primarily in larger bony prominences in lower 2 quads D. majority of occurrence in men between the ages of 15-70 E. pain varying from upper to lower quads depending on movement
Pain in 11 to 18 standardized sites
Although physical therapist make a functional diagnosis, they can frequently denote the presence of osteoporosis. Due to direct access, a patient suffering from the disease might first see a physical therapist prior to receiving a medical diagnosis from their primary care physician. Which of the following indicates a diagnostic method via which a physical therapist might come to the conclusion that a patient has osteoporosis? A. asking the patient to dance B. giving the patient a in-office bone-density scan C. performing a thorough examination D. feeling the length of the patient's spine
Performing a thorough examination
Many diseases can cause other problems that also comprise the health of a person. For example, people with high blood pressure can develop atherosclerosis which can lead to a heart attack. Type 1 diabetes can be the cause of all of the following but what? A. stomach ulcer B. kidney failure C. myocardial infarction D. nerve damage
Stomach ulcer
When an individual is experiencing frozen should it is crucial that the physical therapist have the patient perform stretching exercises to regain lost range of motion. Some stretches the therapist may have the individual practice are pendulums, the cross body reach, and the finger walk. Once the patient has increased range of motion, what are two strengthening exercises that are likely to perform first? A. flexion and caption using 3 pound weight B. shoulder internal and external rotation with lightweight theraband C. bicep curls and tricep extension using 5 pound weight D. no resistance exercises should be performed
shoulder internal and external rotation with lightweight theraband
There are many risk factors for myocardial infarction. Some of these risk factors include smoking, physical inactivity, stress, family history of heart disease, and obesity. Which of these factors is NOT modifiable? A. stress B. physical inactivity C. obesity D. family history of heart disease
Family history of heart disease
The main cause of joint damage in the hip is osteoarthritis. However, there are several factors that can contribute to the pain. All of the following are examples, except for? A. rheumatoid arthritis B. developmental dysplasia of the hip C. mellitus arthritis D. repetitive micro-trauma
Mellitus arthritis
Congestive heart failure is a disease that affects mostly the older population. Ages 75 and up are at higher risk for this disease. After first diagnosis, _______ have a shorter survival span than ___________. A. men; women B. women; men C. african americans; whites D. whites; african americans
Men; women
There are five different types of scoliosis; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, juvenile idiopathic scoliosis, infantile scoliosis, congenital scoliosis, and neuromuscular scoliosis. This pathology will affect 1:10 children with some form of scoliosis. Out of those 1:10 children, how many of the require treatment? A. 1:4 B. 1:2 C. 1:7 D. 1:5
1:4
A patient with patellofemoral syndrome is most likely to return to normal functional use with physical therapy. Occasional flair ups may return. What is the average time for healing? A. 8 weeks B. 4-6 months C. 2 months D. 4-6 weeks
4-6 weeks
A valgus stress test is a technique designed to detect medial instability in a single plane. The examiner applies a values stress at the knee while stabilizing the ankle in slight lateral rotation. A patient with a grade 2 MCL sprain exhibit how many degrees of laxity with values stress at 30 degrees flexion? A. 20-30 degrees B. 5-15 degrees C. 0 degrees D. 40-50 degrees
5-15 degrees
The physical therapist will educate the patient on hip precautions. There are many precautions and benefits of physical therapy after surgery. The benefits of physical therapy are diminished to no pain, increased strength and endurance, and improved mobility _____ after surgery. A. 6-8 weeks B. 1-2 weeks C. 2 days D. 7 days
6-8 weeks
A swimmer comes into physical therapy with shoulder pain. The most pain occurs when the shoulder is abducted. The most painful range of the arc during abduction occurs between ______ and _______ degrees? A. 120 and 180 B. 60 and 90 C. 45 and 90 D. 60 and 120
60 and 120
Osteoarthritis can occur in any individual regardless of their age. Some people don't have any side effects such as pain from this condition, although most do. What percentage of individuals over 65 years old show evidence of OA? A. 30-40% B. 50-60% C. 80-90% D. 100%
80-90%
Lateral epicondylitis is caused by overusing the tendons in the forearm. After considering the additional signs and symptoms; i.e.: pain in dorm of hand, with wrist flexion, and elbow extension; treatment is typically nonsurgical. What percentage of treatments are considered nonsurgical? A. 90% B. 25% C. 75 % D. 65%
90%
After being diagnosed with degenerative spondylothesis a fifty-five year old women goes to physical therapy to reduce the pain in her back. Her physical therapist goes through multiple exams to see how badly her diagnosis. He then realizes that her muscle performance and posture are not at the level they should be. He also realized that when asked to lift or squat her body mechanics are in poor condition. What test.exercise may the physical therapist do to try and improve the women's overall strength of muscles, BUT while improving her posture (improving posture can help improve body mechanics). A. surgical intervention B. prolonged rest C. abdominal flexion D. trunk flexion
Abdominal flexion
LArry is a 35-year-old male who plays on his church softball league. In the middle of the game on Friday night, Larry was running to home plate but fell short of scoring when he abruptly hit the ground. When his teammates questioned him, he explained that he heard a popping noise and had complaints of severe pain near his ankle. What kind of injury do you believe Larry sustained from Friday night's game? A. Acute tendonitis B. Plantar fasciitis C. Achilles tendon rupture D. Tenosynovitis
Achilles tendon rupture
Bicipital tendonitis is a common cause of shoulder pain among individuals. It is an inflammatory process of the tendon of the long head of the biceps. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of this condition? A. repetitive overhead motions B. baseball pitching C. another pathology D. aerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise
Coronary heart disease (the initial cause of a heart attack) is the primary cause of death in US males and females. It is also a major cause of disability. For those who survive a heart attack, there is a notability greater risk of a _________ occurring within a short time. A. second heart attack B. congestive heart failure C. stroke D. all of the above
All of the above
Currently, no effective treatment is available to correct the cause of cystic fibrosis. However, medical professionals can slow the progression of the disease. Which of these types of medicine can do this? A. bronchodilators B. antibiotics C. decongestants D. all of the above
All of the above
Lateral epicondylitis is characterized by pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow. It can be diagnosed in a variety of ways. This includes? A. pinpoint tests B. MRI C. x-rays D. all of the above
All of the above
There are various non-surgical treatments that can be used to find relief from pain. These include regular stretches, resting the affected area, steroid shots, and what other strategies? A. ice massage B. muscle stimulation C. ultrasounds D. all of the above
All of the above
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition where cartilage is broken down in the joints of the body. This can occur in any joint within the body. Osteoarthritis is more common in certain joints of the body than others. Which of the following is NOT one of the most common joints affected by OA? A. DIP joint B. PIP joint C. ankle joint D. hip joint
Ankle joint
There are many precautions in life that are there to stop people from being harmed. So, it can be assumed that there are many precautions you have to take with patients who have a disease of some type. What precaution would you take before ever working with someone who has type 1 diabetes? A. ask about their heart rate that day B. ask about their oxygen levels that day C. ask about their blood pressure that day D. ask about their blood sugar that day
Ask about their blood sugar that day
A male adult client with cystic fibrosis is admitted to an acute care facility with an acute respiratory infection. Prescribed respiratory treatment includes chest physiotherapy. When should the physical therapist perform this procedure? A. immediately before a meal B. at least 2 hours after a meal C. when bronchospasms occur D. when secretions have mobilized
At least 2 hours after a meal
Lucy is referred to physical therapy after experiencing a full-thickness burn to her left leg. She has not been showing up for physical therapy 3 times a week like her doctor prescribed. Lucy is starting to notice scar formation form on her left leg and does not understand why. Which of the following is not a technique for scar management? A. ballistic stretching B. splinting C. prolonged stretching D. increase range of motion
Ballistic stretching
After the physical therapist does test and measures to see how well the patient can function, he might have the patient do certain activities to reduce the pain. What might he have the patient do to help reduce back pain and a significant amount of pressure? This could also be a technique used at home and other environments and uses a device that the patient wears. A. bracing/corsets B. crutches C. wheelchair D. canes
Braces/corsets
This skin disorder is caused by unrelieved pressure. The tissues become deprived of oxygen which results in cell death and tissue necrosis. Visual signs show redness, warmth, and firmness. What skin disorder is being described? A. Pressure Ulcer B. Burn C. Bedsore D. Both A and C
Both A (Pressure Ulcer) and C (Bedsore)
Mike is a 45-year-old man that suffered from a full-thickness burn on his chest and both arms at work. He has had a full assessment on the primary and secondary damages that are present and his vitals are stable. Mike is headed to the hospital to have an autograft done. What will Mike be experiencing from this full-thickness burn? A. pain in the burn area B. no pain or sensation in the burn area C. difficulty is maintaining thermoregulation D. Both B and C
Both B (no pain or sensation in the burn area) and C (difficult is maintaining thermoregulation)
A heart attack comes with many signs and symptoms. A few examples of these are facial pallor, chest pain, nausea, dizziness and weakness. Which of these signs are often reported to be less noticeable in women? A. chest pain B. nausea C. dizziness and weakness D. facial pallor
Chest pain
A 65-year-old women comes in with shortness of breath, weakness, and lower extremity edema. Her medical history shows that she has had a problem with hypertension. Looking at her history and symptoms, what would her diagnoses be? A. coronary artery disease B. diabetes C. congestive heart failure D. heart attack
Congestive heart failure
There are three important parts of cardiac rehab. The first part is exercise counseling and training, and the second part is education for heart-healthy living. What is the third part? A. strength training and weights B. counseling to reduce stress C. counseling to quite bad habits D. education on saturated fats and cholesterol
Counseling to reduce stress
Fibromyalgia is diagnosed according to criteria set by the American College of Rheumatology. One component of diagnosis is that the patient has experienced pain for longer than 3 months. Along with a fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, what other tool should be utilized to further confirm the diagnosis of fibromyalgia? A. electrical stimulation B. reflex hammer C. x-rays D. dolorimeter E. graston
Dolorimeter
Bicipital tendonitis can be effectively managed in a number of ways. The goals of management are to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and regain full available range of motion. Which of the following is NOT an effective way to manage this condition? A. application of hot and cold B. splinting or bracing C. dry needling D. the use of NSAIDs
Dry needling
There are two separate types of Osteoarthritis. Both types effect the breakdown of cartilage within joints. Primary and secondary are the names of the two types of osteoarthritis. Who does primary OA usually affect? A. infants B. teenagers C. middle aged adults D. elderly adults
Elderly adults
Most patients are unaware of what a pressure ulcer is. This means that they would not know the techniques to prevent them. Therefore individuals would not recognize the early stages of pressure ulcers. What is the best way a physical therapist can help a patient to minimize their chances of developing a pressure ulcer? A. educate them B. tell them take medication C. be sure they rest constantly D. provide them with good nutrition
Educate them
The primary muscle involved in lateral epicondylitis is responsible for extending and stabilizing the wrist. The degeneration of the tendon attaching this muscle to the humerus is character of lateral epicondylitis. What muscle in the forearm is involved in this injury? A. extensor carpi radialis brevis B. flexor carpi ulnaris C. pronator quadratus D. biceps brachii
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
A 33-year-old female has had damaged electrical cords fall on her. She has received burns to her chest and right arm. Her skin on her chest and right arm is clack and leathery in appearance. She is not experiencing much pain and all layers of her skin are damaged. What type of burn is she experiencing? A. Superficial B. Full-thickness C. Superficial partial D. Deep partial
Full-thickness
A patient with rotator cuff tendonitis is performing some activities of daily living during physical therapy. The goal of having the patient perform these activities is so that they can return to their previous level of functioning pain-free. What type of training is this referred to as? A. strength training B. range of motion training C. Manual therapy D. functional training
Functiona training
Any person can have or get OA. The two different forms are brought on by different factors and can affect all different types of people. Primary OA is the most common out of the two. Which of the following is NOT a normal risk factor for Primary OA? A. age B. gender C. muscle weakness D. obesity
Gender
Many factors precipitate the development of osteoporosis. There are many beneficial activities that patients can partake of that can decrease the chances of their bones becoming porous and brittle. Which of the following makes the biggest difference in decreasing the development of this condition? A. being physically active in the first three decades of life B. being physically active after age thirty C. having a sufficient dietary intake of calcium in the first three decades of life D. having a sufficient dietary intake of calcium after the age of thirty
Having a sufficient dietary intake of calcium in the first three decades of life
HIV can be obtained through a number of different ways. It has been shown that HIV can survive in syringes for up to 6 weeks. Therefor, what are the top 3 ways one can receive HIV? A. homosexual male sex, intravenous drug use, heterosexual sex B. intravenous drug use, contact through blood and fluids, kissing an infected person C. mother to fetus transmission. contact through blood and fluids, heterosexual sex D. intravenous drug use, mother to fetus transmission, homosexual male sex
Homosexual male sex, intravenous drug use, heterosexual sex
There are a number of physical therapy interventions that may be used when treating bicipital tendonitis. These interventions may be manual therapy interventions, as well as the use physical agents. According to The Guide, which of the following is NOT a physical agent (modality) may be used when treating bicipital tendonitis? A. ultrasound B. hydrotherapy C. cryotherapy D. continuous passive motion (CPM)
Hydrotherapy
Since congestive heart failure is a secondary disease, something has to happen to the heart. It can either be an injury to the heart or just simply mistreating your body, causing strain on the heart. Which one of these would NOT contribute to congestive heart failure? A. hypertension B. high salt intake C. hypotension D. valvular heart disease
Hypotension
Scoliosis affects multiple body parts such as the vertebral column, rib cage, supporting ligaments and muscles, and affects the alignment of the body. In physical therapy the goal for a patient with scoliosis is help with poster, flexibility, strengthening, respiratory function, and proper utilization of the spinal orthosis. According to the text, what form of scoliosis would use these types of exercises to improve the patient; spinal stabilization, balance activities, core strengthening, postural correction, lateral shifts, flexibility, and respiratory activities. A. infantile scoliosis B. idiopathic scoliosis C. adolescent idiopathic scoliosis D. neuromuscular scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis
Ann is a middle-aged women who has worn high heels daily for years. She recently consulted with her physician after experiencing extreme discomfort in her right leg along with her physician, she was diagnosed with an achilles tendon rupture. What is the next step for Ann? A. immobilization B. MRI C. physical therapy D. physical examination
Immobilization
Asking the right questions during a subjective examination of a patient can help with proper diagnosis. When checking for patellofemoral syndrome, there are several things you can ask. Which question is the least helpful in diagnosing? A. is there any pain when walking up and down stairs? B. do you have pain when squatting or kneeling? C. is there pain when the knee is flexed? D. is there any pain with walking?
Is there any pain with walking?
Physical therapy encourages early ambulation training to prevent deep vein thrombosis. Exercise goals after hip replacement surgery are to increase muscle strength, blood circulation, and overall fitness. All of the following are examples of exercises that can help meet these goals, except? A. walking B. swimming C. stationary bicycling D. jogging
Jogging
Physical therapists can help to alleviate some of the symptoms of osteoporosis. Additionally, they can educate the patient about ways to slow down the progression of the disease. Select the answer that indicates a way in which a physical therapist patient can decelerate the effects of osteoporosis. A. increase the intake of dietary sodium B. perform isometric exercises C. take medication typically prescribed for inflammatory bowel disease D. jog regularly
Jogging regularly
The patient's post-operative care includes hip precautions, use of an abduction pillow, and hip protocol exercises. These exercises are important for strength building. Hip protocol exercises include all of the following, except? A. ankle pumps B. quadriceps set C. jumping jacks D. isometric abduction
Jumping jacks
There are hallmark characteristics associated with a patient suffering from osteoporosis. Some of these are more visibly evident than others. Please select the answer that reflects a visible characteristic seen in most patients with advanced osteoporosis. A. excessive edema in the ankles and feet B. lordosis C. kyphosis D. discoloration of the lower limbs
Kyphosis
Usually after spondylolisthesis is diagnosed the physician can then determine where the location of the slipped vertebrae usually is. It usually occurs within two vertebra. What is the most common location this disease is associated with? A. C5-C6 B. T1-T2 C. L4-L5 D. C7-T1
L4-L5
To date, there is not a specific test used to diagnose fibromyalgia. Imaging/labs are often done to rule out a differential diagnosis. However, what is the one method that is used to help diagnose fibromyalgia due to indicating pain transmission? A. cat scan with dye contrast B. urine analysis for creatinine C. lab work with increase in substance P D. lab work with decrease in potassium, sodium, calcium E. lab work to define muscle enzymes
Lab work with increase in substance P
Osteoporosis is a disease that affects older people, particularly women. There are contributing factors to the development of this disease, some of which are controllable. Please select the answer that indicates a precipitating factor that is controllable. A. predisposing medical condition B. low vitamin D levels C. petite frame D. advanced age
Low vitamin D levels
An individual seeks his family physician due to severe lower back pain. He complains that when standing and applying stress to the back it hurts even more. the physician notices that when he walks he is slightly slumped over. He is then diagnosed with degenerative spondylithesis. What is also common with this pathology which is the reason the patient is slumped over? A. lumbar kyphosis B. lumbar lordosis C. scoliosis D. spinal nerve damage
Lumbar lordosis
Scoliosis is the lateral curvature in the moral straight line of the spine. Not only is scoliosis a curvature but is can also rotate the spine. According to the reading, what part of the spine is usually effected by scoliosis? A. cervical or lumbar B. sacrum or thoracic C. lumbar or thoracic D. sacrum or cervical
Lumbar or thoracic
After hearing a "popping" sound and feeling his knee buckle, John visited a doctor, which performed a physical exam. In the exam, the doctor determined that he had torn his ACL. What is the preferred laboratory or imaging study that would confirm the diagnosis and confirm the presence of an ACL tear? A. EKG B. CT scan C. MRI D. ultrasound
MRI
Layne is a 12-year-old male who was hit by a car while riding his bike across the road at an intersection. Along with several other minor injuries, he comes to the clinic with complaints of pain and swelling in his lower left leg and an inability to flex his injured leg. Which of the following is the best choice to confirm that the achilles tendon is ruptured rather than having a calf strain or achilles tendinopathy? A. physical examination B. Thompson's tests C. strength assessment D. MRI
MRI
A ligament is a tough band of connective tissue. They connect two bones together or hold together a joint. What do the two ends of the MCL connect to? A. lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral tibia B. medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of femur C. medial epicondyle of femur to medial tibia D. lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral tibia
Medial epicondyle of femur to medial tibia
A grade 3 ACL tear is considered to be a complete tear, usually found in participation of physical activity. The ACL attaches to the tibia and the femur, and is affected when the ligament is put into activities requiring high levels of agility and contact. Where does the tear most commonly occur? A. mid substance of the ligament B. femur end of the ligament C. lateral portion of the ligament D. tibial end of the ligament
Midstubstance of the ligament
The duration of HIV patients showing asymptomatic symptoms can vary. If a patient decides to get treated with antiretroviral drugs can help treat HIV, but does not cure the disease itself. However, antiretroviral drugs can lead to other health problems. What might one experience from taking antiretroviral drugs for a long period of time? A. cognitive changes B. hypotension C. muscle myalgia D. cancer
Muscle myalgia
Fibromyalgia is frequently misdiagnosed. However, it is the most common musculoskeletal disorder in the U.S. Out of the following, which disease is often misdiagnosed as fibromyalgia? A. diabetes B. TMJ C. myofascial pain syndrome D. cerebral vascular disease E. paralysis from spinal disease/injury
Myofascial pain syndrome
Individuals participating in contact activities requiring a high level of agility are susceptible to a MCL injury. It can also be injured by twisting of the knee. All of the following are signs and symptoms of a MCL sprain except for? A. swelling around the knee B. nausea C. inability to fully extend and flex the knee D. instability of the joint
Nausea
HIV attacks the cells of the immune system by replicating and spreading throughout the body. One will begin to see symptoms once the white blood cell count is below threshold. Which of the following cells does HIV NOT attach? A. B-cells B. T-cells C. Neutrophils D. Monocytes
Neutrophils
After an ACL tear, the patient had reconstructive surgery. Afterwards, she was referred to physical therapy. What treatment will most likely NOT be done most effectively manage this patient? A. closed-chain exercises B. active range of motion exercises C. open-chain exercises D. quadriceps exercises
Open-chain exercises
A patient is in her eleventh week of physical therapy and is weight bearing as tolerated while wearing a boot with a quarter inch heal lift. Her physician wants her to work on full range of motion and light ankle strengthening. What phase of rehabilitation process is she in? A. phase 1 B. phase 3 C. phase 5 D. phase 2
Phase 3
As a physical therapist assistant you should know what to expect from all your patients. With that in mind there are certain complications that should expect when someone has type 1 diabetes. Which of the following is not one of those? A. polyuria B. unexpected weight loss C. pressure ulcer D. blurry vision
Pressure ulcer
Bicipital tendonitis causes a deep ache directly in front and on tip of the shoulder. The pain can also spread into the biceps muscle. Which of the following is NOT a positive clinical indicator that can be used to confirm this condition among an individual presenting these signs? A. painful palpation in the area of the bicipital groove B. pain with the biceps resistance test C. speed's test D. reaching test
Reaching test
Physical therapists play an important role in treating conditions to improve movement and function. The overall goal is to improve not only the quality of life, but also keep a HIV victim active in their everyday life? Which of the following is NOT a way for physical therapy to help HIV victims? A. improve heart health B. maintain healthy body weight C. reduce pain D. reduce symptoms
Reduce symptoms
A 3-year-old boy experienced a full-thickness burn by having a pan full of boiling water fall on his chest. He has been medically treated and had surgery to remove damaged skin and an autograft done a few hours ago. The boy has been given a script for physical therapy, which is to begin immediately. Which of the following will not be an item the therapist will be performing with the boy during the first few weeks of physical therapy? A. passive range of motion exercises B. splinting C. antideformity positioning D. resistive exercises
Resistive exercises
A 17 year old high school baseball player is referred to physical therapy from his physician. After playing in baseball tournaments all summer and pitching in most of his games he has complaints of not being able to throw the ball as hard as he was a couple weeks earlier. What condition will this baseball player most likely be diagnosed with? A. rotator cuff tear B. bursitis C. rotator cuff tendonitis D. calcified tendonitis
Rotator cuff tendonitis
Congestive heart failure is a _______ disease, meaning it comes after an injury to the heart. It is common after heart attacks or cardiomyopathy. It is diagnosed about _______ times a year. A. primary; 6 million B. Primary; 650,000 C. Secondary; 2,000 D. Secondary 65,000
Secondary; 650,000
If degenerative spondulolisthesis is not found soon enough other parts of the body can be affected. The other parts could also cause severe pain and may need medical attention, this could also lead to diagnosing spondylolisthesis. What is NOT a "painful" or another "irritable" part of the body the patient may see with this disease? A. intervertebral discs B. vertebral ligaments C. spinous process D. vertebral bone (periosteum)
Spinous process
A 25-year-old male individual with paraplegia begins to complain that one of his heels feels tender. After inspecting it, it becomes clear he has developed a pressure ulcer. It appears he has partial thickness involving the epidermis layer of his skin. Which stage of pressure ulcers does the individual appear to have? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4
Stage 2
An 80-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital 2 weeks ago due to a broken hip. Due to her pain level she has not been very mobile and therefore has developed a pressure ulcer. The visual appearance shows damage to tissues and further to her muscle. Which stage of pressure ulcers does she appear to have? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4
Stage 4
Pain is the main reason why people seek treatment. There are many different types of therapy to help alleviate a patient's pain. Different treatment types are used depending on what joints are affected by OA. Which of the following is NOT a common type of treatment for OA? A. relaxation B. stretching C. modalities D. icing/heat therapy
Stretching
The main way to treat a patient with rotator cuff tendonitis during physical therapy is the use of strength training. There are multiple different ways of strength training. Which of these is NOT a way to strength train for rotator cuff tendonitis? A. weights B. resistance bands C. medicine balls D. stretching
Stretching
A 43 year old male who has been employed as a pipe fitter for about 20 years is referred to physical therapy. He has complaints of a long dull aching feeling and weakness in his shoulder after work. Which muscle of the rotator cuff is presenting weakness in his shoulder? A. infraspinatus B. teres minor C. supraspinatus D. subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Spinal fusion is when the curved vertebras are fused together to heal in to a single, solid bone. To do this fusion, a bone graft is done. The bone graft is using small pieces of bone and placing them in the spaces between the vertebrae to stimulate bone healing. In today's world, we use three ways to get the bone that is used doing this fusion. Which of these are not a bone graft we use today. A. allograft B. autograph C. artificial bone graft D. synthetic bone graft
Synthetic bone graft
Lateral epicondylitis is a common overuse syndrome. If affects the extensor tendons of the forearm, and is as common in men as it is in women. Despite the fact that is can occur during a multitude of activities, it is commonly called _____________? A. carpal tunnel B. shin splints C. tennis elbow D. wrist tendonitis
Tennis elbow
"Woe to that child which kissed on the forehead tastes salty. He is bewitched and will soon die." This bit of folklore, handed down through the ages, is an early description of the disease now known as cystic fibrosis. A. true B. false C. neither D. both
True
Physical therapy is not initiated immediately after bicipital tendonitis is diagnosed. It is initiated once the individual has progressed out of the actor phase. What might the individual be recommended to participate in during the acute phase? A. flexibility exercises B. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) C. strength training of the biceps D. endurance reconditioning
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Pretend that you are put in the position of being doctor for a day. Your first and only patient is a little girl who has polyuria, polydipsia, and unexpected weight loss. You take her blood sugar and is higher than what it should be. With only this knowledge what would you diagnosis the patient with? A. type 1 mellitus diabetes B. atherosclerosis C. anemia D. dehydration
Type 1 mellitus diabetes
HIV is diagnosed to 1 in every 8 pounds in America. When someone is diagnosed they can be asymptomatic for a long period of time. However, when one does become symptomatic, there will be signs and symptoms. Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of HIV? A. fever B. weight loss C. vomiting D. shortness of breath
Vomiting
A physical therapist goes to see a congestive heart failure patient in an in-paitent facility. The decide the patient is good enough to do some exercise today. This will be the first time she will do exercises since being admitted to the hospital. What kind of exercise would be good for this kind of patient? A. walking on the treadmill B. squats C. using weight for strength training D. none
Walking on the treadmill
The main cause of patellofemoral syndrome is overuse. However, there are several factors that can contribute to the pain. All of the following are examples, except for? A. incorrect running shoes B. increased knee valgus C. weakened iliotibial band D. poor flexibility
Weakened iliotibial band
A grade 2 MCL sprain should progress fairly quickly. A patient should be able to return to their previous functional level within four to eight week following the injury with the help of physical therapy. Which of the following would be the wrong choice of physical therapy intervention? A. R.I.C.E. B. stationary cycling without resistance C. heel slides D. weight lifting
Weight lifting
Diseases have many different causes. Some of those might be from a sport, life habits, or just because of age. What causes type 1 diabetes? A. lack of exercise B. your own bodies immune system C. a very unhealthy diet D. it comes with old age
Your own bodies immune system
Individuals with adhesive capsulitis experience a loss of the range of motion int he glenohumeral joint. They often experience a pain with stretching and pain with restriction with passive and active range of motion. All planes of motion are affected with adhesive capsulitis, but two motions that are commonly affected the most are glenohumeral ______ and _______. A. abduction; external rotation B. adduction; external rotation C. abduction; internal rotation D. adduction; internal rotation
abduction; external rotation
A physical therapist can instruct you in a series of exercises to stretch the plantar fascia and achilles tendon and to strengthen lower leg muscles, which stabilize your ankle and heel. All of these are examples of physical therapy treatments except? A. electrical stimulation B. heel insertions C. ice massages D. deep friction massage
electrical stimulation
Night splints are another treatment that physical therapists can prescribe that can help stretch your calf and arch of your foot. Night splints can also help prevent morning pain and stiffness. Night splints are a type of brace that hold your foot in a _________ position and ___________ the plantar fascia and achilles tendon overnight? A. Flexed; shortens B. Dorsiflexion; lengthens C. Flexed; lengthens D. Dorsiflexion; shortens
flexed; lengthens
There are three stages of adhesive capsulitis. The first stage is characterized by having pain and symptoms for 3-9 months with a loss of motion in the shoulder. The second stage is characterized by more pain and an increased loss of range of motion. the third and final stage is characterized by a decrease in pain with improved shoulder motion. What are the three stages of adhesive capsulitis? A. stage 1, stage 2, stage 3 B. freezing, frozen, melting C. primary, secondary, tertiary D. freezing, frozen, thawing
freezing, frozen, thawing
Jim is a 31-year-old who has been an athletic trainer his whole adult like. He was diagnosed with an achilles tendon rupture 6 months ago and is looking forward to going back to his normal routine. What kind of outcome should Jim expect when returning to training? A. he should expect a decrease in physical performance since the tendon has sustained injury but is still repairable B. he should expect an increase in physical performance since the tendon has had adequate time to heal C. he should expect a decrease in physical performance since the tendon cannot be repaired D. he should expect an increase in physical performance since he went through months of physical therapy
he should expect a decrease in physical performance since the tendon has sustained injury but is still repairable
Ignoring plantar fasciitis may result in chronic heel pain that hinders your regular activities. Plantar fasciitis can also cause you pain that can further progress into something worse. If you change the way you walk to minimize plantar fasciitis and you can also develop what kind of problems? A. hip, knee, back, toes B. knee, ankle, toes, back C. hip, shoulder, knee D. hip, knee, back, foot
hip, knee, back, foot
The number one thing in any case of scoliosis, is patient education. Education the patient about their diagnosis will not only help them understand it more, but it will help them understand the importance of fixing it the correct and most efficient way. With a curvature of 25 to 40 degrees, what would be the best decision for a patient to do. A. surgical spinal stabilization B. physical therapy and spinal orthosis C. only be monitored every so often D. physical therapy
physical therapy and spinal orthosis
Mary was recently diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis. She was referred to a local physical therapist who taught her some stretches to regain her lost range of motion. Mary's physical therapist recommended she _____ before stretching at home to warm ip her shoulder. A. perform shoulder rolls B. ice C. use moist heat D. all of the above
use moist heat
