CNA Chapter 7: Emergency Care & Disaster Preparation

F.A.S.T. can be used as a way to help respond effectively to a stroke, what does it stand for?

- Face - Is one side of the face drooping or is the person's smile uneven? - Arms - Is one arm numb or weak? Pronator drips (does one arm drip down) - Speech - Is the person's speech slurred? Can the person repeat a simple sentence? - Time - Time is of the utmost importance when responding to a stroke. Report to the nurse immediately if the person shows any of these signs.

Steps to take in case of an earthquake (outside): - Move away from buildings, electric poles and wires, and streetlights - ..... is a greater danger than ground movement. - If driving, stop as quickly as is safely possible and ...... Avoid stopping under overpasses or near buildings or wires if possible. - If trapped under debris after an earthquake, do not light a match or ignite a lighter, and avoid kicking up dust. Breathe through a ..... and make tapping noises or use a whistle, if available, to get rescuers' attention. - Do not shout. Shouting could cause you to ....

- Falling or flying debris - stay in the vehicle - handkerchief or clothing - inhale dangerous amounts of dust

It is important to do no harm to severe burns. ...... should never be applied to a burn. Pulling away clothing or rubbing the burned area can also damage the skin or contribute to infection later on.

- Ice, ointment, salve, and grease

other symptoms of DK:

- Increased hunger or thirst - Increased urination - Abdominal pain - Deep or labored breathing - Breath that smells fruity or sweet (no ketones) - Headache - Weakness - Rapid, weak pulse - Low blood pressure - Dry skin - Flushed cheeks - Drowsiness - Nausea and vomiting - Shortness of breath or air hunger - Unconsciousness

Steps to take in case of a blackout: remember ..... (hooked to generator source) - Get a flashlight. Take prompt action to keep calm and provide light. - Use a backup pack for ....., such as an IV pump. Backup packs do not last more than ....., so contact emergency services when instructed.

- RED PLUGS - electrical medical equipment; 24 hours

When a resident is falling, the NA should do the following: - .... his stance and bring the resident's body ... to the NA's body. - NA should have knees .... and support the resident as he lowers her to the floor. - NA should not try to .... - NA should notify the nurse immediately.

- Widen; close - bent - stop or reverse a fall.

NAs should be prepared to give the following information to emergency services when reporting an emergency: - Phone number and address, including .... - Victim's condition, including any known .... - NA's name and position - .... given

- directions, landmarks, and location in building - medical background - First aid

Steps to take in case of a hurricane: - Know what category the hurricane is and track the expected path. - Know which residents or clients must go to shelters, hospitals, or other facilities, and which need assistance. - Be aware of people with special needs. High-risk people include the ...... - High-risk areas include .... - Call your employer for instructions. - Fill the bathtub with fresh water. - Board up .... - Evacuate if advised to do so. - Check the fuel level in automobiles. - Have a portable battery-operated radio, flashlight, and cooking equipment available.

- elderly and those unable to evacuate on their own - mobile homes or trailers. - windows

Lightning (indoors): - Stay inside and away from open doors and windows. - Avoid the use of ....

- electrical equipment, such as hair dryers and televisions

steps to take in case of a flood: - Fill the bathtub with ..... - Evacuate if advised to do so. - Check the .... level in automobiles. - Make sure there is enough fuel to last through an evacuation if one becomes necessary. - Have a portable battery-operated radio, flashlight, and cooking equipment available. - Do not drink water or eat food that has been contaminated with floodwater. - Do not handle ...... - Do not turn off the .... yourself. Ask the gas company to turn off the gas

- fresh water - fuel - electrical equipment - gas

Steps to take in case of an earthquake (indoors): - Drop to the ..... - If possible, get under a ..... - If no table or desk is available, stay crouched down in the .... - Stay away from windows, outside walls, and anything that might fall over or fall down. - Do not exit a building during the shaking. - Do not use .....

- ground - sturdy piece of furniture, such as a heavy table, and hold on until the shaking stops - inside corner of a building, and cover your face and head with your arms - elevators

symptoms of a heart attack: - Sudden, severe pain in the chest, usually on the ..... - Pain or discomfort in other areas of the body, such as the .... - Indigestion or ..... - Nausea and vomiting - Dyspnea - Dizziness - ... or .... skin color - Perspiration - Cold and clammy skin - Weak and irregular .... - Low .... - Anxiety and a sense of doom - Denial of a heart problem - Women can have MI without chest pressure. They are most likely to have .......... Some women's symptoms are more flu-like, and women are more likely to deny that they are having MI.

- left side or in the center behind the breastbone - arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach - heartburn - Pale or cyanotic - pulse rate - blood pressure - shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, stomach pain, sweating, fatigue, and back, neck or jaw pain

signs that a TIA or CVA (stroke) is occurring: - Facial ....., especially on one side - Paralysis on one side (......) - Arm numbness or weakness, especially on one side (.....) - Slurred speech or inability to speak - Inability to understand spoken or written words - Use of ..... words - Severe .... - ... vision - ... in ears - ..... in face - Noisy ..... - Elevated .... - Slow pulse rate - Nausea or vomiting - Loss of .... or .... control - Seizures - Dizziness - Loss of ....

- numbness, weakness, or drooping - hemiplegia - hemiparesis - inappropriate - headache - Blurred - Ringing - Redness - breathing - blood pressure - bowel and bladder - consciousness

steps to take in case of lightning (If outdoors): - Avoid the largest objects, such as trees, and avoid ... spaces. - Stay out of the .... - Seek shelter in buildings. - Stay away from .... fences, doors, or other objects. - Avoid holding metal objects, such as golf clubs, in your hands. - Stay in automobiles. (.......) - It is safe to perform .....

- open - water - metal - rubber tires protect you - CPR on lightning victims; they carry no electricity

memorize these steps in responding to an emergency: - Assess the ...... Make sure you are not in danger and note the ..... - Assess the .... Check the victim's level of ..... - Call for help or send someone to get help. - Remain calm and confident. - After the emergency is over, complete an ....

- situation; time - victim; consciousness - incident report

steps to take in case of a tornado: - Seek shelter inside, ideally in a .... - Stay away from ..... - Stand in the hallway or in a basement, or take cover under heavy furniture. - Do not stay in a .... - Lie as ... as possible.

- steel-framed or concrete building - windows - mobile home or trailer. - flat

First-degree (......) Second-degree (......) Third-degree (......)

- superficial - partial-thickness - full-thickness

signs and symptoms of fainting: 8

1. Dizziness 2. Lightheadedness 3. Nausea 4. Perspiration 5. Pale skin 6. Weak pulse 7. Shallow respirations 8. Blackness in visual field

Seizures may happen in these 4 situations:

1. High fever (especially young children) 2. Serious illness 3. Head injury 4. Seizure disorder such as epilepsy

Symptoms of poisoning can vary widely, but may include: (4)

1. Vomiting 2. Heavy, difficult breathing 3. Acting drowsy or confused 4. Burns or red areas around the mouth

Epilepsy:

a brain disorder that results from a disruption in normal electrical impulses in the brain, which causes repeated seizures.

insulin reaction:

a complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little food; also known as hypoglycemia.

diabetic ketoacidosis:

a complication of diabetes that is caused by having too little insulin in the body; hyperglycemia

obstructed airway:

a condition in which something is blocking the tube through which air enters the lungs.

Shock:

a condition that occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply.

myocardial infarction (MI):

a condition that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen because blood flow to the heart is blocked; also called heart attack.

abdominal thrusts:

a method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking (Heimlich maneuver)

orthostatic hypotension:

a sudden drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person sits or stands up

transient ischemic attack (TIA):

a warning sign of a CVA/stroke resulting from a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain; symptoms may last up to 24 hours

2 defining symptoms of DK:

abdominal pain & fruity/sweet breath

Dyspnea:

difficulty breathing.

first aid:

emergency care given immediately to an injured person by the first people to respond to an emergency

Seizures are also caused by .....

febrile seizures, overdoses

treating someone who fainted:

head and legs elevated a little

it is very Important to note .... of seizure

length of time

Syncope:

loss of consciousness; also called fainting. (fainting)

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):

medical procedures used when a person's heart or lungs have stopped working.

epistaxis treatment:

nosebleed - Ice bridge of nose, head down, pressure on soft part of nostril

Perform thrusts until .... or ....

object flies out or if they pass out → CPR

Control bleeding with

pressure & elevate

Burns are assessed by the ...

rule of 9

treating a Superficial burn:

run under water

POC =

sitting up (position of comfort)

Emesis:

the act of vomiting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose

When speaking to an emergency services dispatcher it is important not to hang up until ....

the dispatcher hangs up or says to hang up

Conscious:

the state of being mentally alert and having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts.

Signs of seizures include the following: (5)

1. Severe shaking 2. Thrusting arms and legs uncontrollably 3. Jaw clenching 4. Drooling 5. Inability to swallow

5 Signs of shock:

1. Pale or cyanotic skin 2. Staring 3. Increased pulse and respiration 4. Low blood pressure 5. Extreme thirst

NAs responding to an emergency need to recognize the following symptoms of injury: (7)

1. Severe bleeding 2. Changes in consciousness 3. Irregular breathing 4. Unusual color or feel to the skin 5. Swollen places on the body 6. Medical alert tags 7. Pain