CNA Class Chap 37-45
•Report an output of less than _____per hour to the nurse at once.
30 mL
The fertilized egg has ___chromosomes instead of ___.
47 46
•About ___ of all people over 60 years old of ago have diverticulosis.
50%
In acute kidney failure, urine output is initially less than ____ mL in 24 hours; this phase lasts a few days to 2 weeks.
500
AD usually occurs after the age of ___
60
Signs and symptoms appear when _____ of kidney function is lost
75%
What is the average lifespan once someone develops Alzheimer's disease?
8-10 years
What should the maximum hot water temperature be for water used by residents?
95 degrees to 120 degrees
Hepatitis _____ is spread by the fecal-oral route.
A
What is repeating an act over and over again (a ritual) called?
A compulsion
Any lost, absent, or impaired mental or physical function is
A disability
What is any lost, absent or impaired mental or physical function?
A disability
Which is considered an acute disability?
A fracture
• means reminding the person to take medications, observing them being taken as prescribed, and charting that they were taken.
A medication reminder
Disturbance in the ability to cope with or adjust to stress in which behavior and function are impaired is considered a
A mental disorder
What type of problem can affect a person physically, socially, and spiritually?
A mental health problem
What is the term for an intense fear of something?
A phobia
A surgically created opening (stoma) between a ureter and the abdomen is
A urostomy
What is a service plan?
A written plan listing the services needed by the person, how much help is needed, and who provides the service
Which of the following is a right of assisted living residents?
Be treated with dignity and respect
When do children learn that death is final?
Between 6 and 11 years of age
is a greenish liquid made in the liver. It is stored in the gallbladder until needed to digest fat.
Bile
Which of the following is considered a food safety measure?
Dating refrigerated leftovers
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of a panic disorder?
Decreased heart rate
What is the term for a state of sudden, severe confusion and rapid brain changes?
Delirium
What is the term for sudden, severe confusion accompanied by rapid brain changes?
Delirium
What is the term for a false belief?
Delusion
an exaggerated belief of one's importance, wealth, power, or talents
Delusion of grandeur
the false belief that one is being mistreated, abused, or harassed
Delusion of persecution
What is the loss of cognitive function that interferes with routine personal, social, and occupational activities known as?
Dementia
is the loss of cognitive function that interferes with routine personal, social, and occupational activities. •is a group of symptoms that may occur with certain diseases or conditions.
Dementia
means "refusing to accept or believe something that is true." The person refuses to face or accept unpleasant or threatening things.
Denial
When performing chest compressions:
Depress the sternum 2 inches in an adult
What is the most common mental health problem in older persons?
Depression
An endocrine disorder in which the body cannot produce or use insulin properly is known as
Diabetes
•is the process of removing waste products from the blood.
Dilysis
An older adult with Alzheimer's disease often has sleep disturbances. What should the nursing assistant do?
Discourage daytime naps
means "to move or take the place of." An individual moves behaviors or emotions from one person, place, or thing to a safe person, place, or thing.
Displacement
occurs when diverticulum becoming infected or inflamed
Diverticulitis
Small pouches can develop in the colon and the pouches can bulge outward through weak spots in the colon. Each pouch is called a
Diverticulum
A syndrome with an extra 21st chromosome, which causes certain features to be exhibited and mild to moderate intellectual disabilities is
Down syndrome
Which is not a healthy way to cope with stress?
Drinking
Which is not true of a developmental disability?
It affects only the disabled person.
Which is not true of dementia?
It does not affect personality, mood, or behavior.
When do the symptoms of schizophrenia typically begin in males?
Late teens to early 20s
Where will a person typically experience pain with diverticulitis?
Left lower quadrant
A person with Alzheimer's disease usually has problems with communication. What is the best thing to do to help with this?
Limit choices
The social and psychological aspects of rehabilitation include:
Not arguing with the person
A person with GERD should:
Not lie down for 3 hours after meals
is a recurrent, unwanted thought, idea, or image.
Obsession
What is the term for scant urine?
Oliguria
In acute kidney failure, _____ occurs at first; then _____
Oliguria diuresis.
Which is not true of kidney failure?
Only the urinary system is affected.
means "sensible, reasonable, or logical." An acceptable reason or excuse is given for behaviors or actions. The real reason is not given.
Rationalization
A person acts in a way opposite to what he or she truly feels. example:
Reaction Formation
What is the major goal of rehabilitation?
Self-care
Memory problems are worse. Personality and behavior changes develop—delusions, hallucinations, repetitive behavior. The person needs much help with daily activities, including dressing and elimination. Names may be forgotten but faces may be recognized. Sleep problems, incontinence (urinary and fecal), and wandering are common.
Severe cognitive decline (moderately severe or midstage).
Abuse of the older adult can include:
Sexual abuse Financial abuse Physical abuse
What is a physical requirement for assisting living units?
Smoke detectors
means uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles. Muscles contract or shorten. They are stiff and cannot relax. One or both sides of the body may be involved. Posture, balance,
Spastic
A defect of the spinal column in which vertebrae do not form properly, leaving a split and leaving the cord unprotected, is
Spina bifida
is a defect of the spinal column. The defect occurs during the first month of pregnancy.
Spina bifida
Which is not an accessory organ of digestion?
Spleen
Which is not involved in cognitive function?
Stamina
Response or change in the body caused by any emotional, physical, social, or economic factor is known as
Stress
occurs when the heart and breathing stop suddenly and without warning.
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) or cardiac arrest
Often, signs, symptoms, and behaviors of Alzheimer's increase in the late afternoon and evening hours; so do anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and confusion. What is this called?
Sundowning
A catheter placed directly into the bladder through the abdomen is a(n)
Suprapubic catheter
An illness or injury from which the person is not likely to recover is a(n)
Terminal illness
In an emergency, what is activated that triggers emergency personnel (paramedics, emergency medical technicians) to rush to the scene?
The Emergency medical services (EMS) system
Which is not true of schizophrenia?
The disease affects only the mind, not the body; body movement and functions are normal.
Which is not true of Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
The disease is rapid in onset.
What are the major urinary system structures?
The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Bile is carried from the liver to the ______ through ducts. Bile is carried to the ____ through the ______.
gallbladder small intestine common bile duct
What is the most common symptom of GERD?
heartburn
The focus of rehabilitation is on _____ When improved function is not possible, the goal is to prevent ____
improving abilities. further loss of function.
Schizophrenia In men, the symptoms usually begin in the _____. In women, symptoms usually begin in the ______.
late teens or early 20s mid-20s and early 30s
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the
liver
What are the accessory organs of digestion?
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
•Empty pouches every ____ hours or when they are becoming _____full.
3 to 4 ⅓
being in pain or seeing others in pain
Algophobia
A new pathway ______ is needed for urine to exit the body.
(urinary diversion)
•Kidney function improves and returns to normal during the recovery phase, which can take from _______.
1 month to 1 year
•It can be longer than ____ hours between evening meal and breakfast if there is a nutritious evening snack.
14
Intellectual disability is defined as severe limits in intellectual function before the age of:
18
Some signs of delayed development commonly seen with autism usually occur around the age of:
18 months
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act requires nursing centers to provide rehabilitation services. When was this act passed into law?
1987
White men between the ages of _____ years are at greatest risk for kidney stones
20 and 40
How much fluid should someone with kidney stones drink daily?
2000 to 3000 mL
Down syndrome is a genetic defect involving an extra chromosome on the:
21st chromosome
A developmental disability is defined as a disability occurring before the age of:
22
Which is not a symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Ability to hold and void large amounts of urine
A suprapubic catheter is inserted:
Above the pubic bone
Who plans and conducts activity and recreational programs?
Activity director
What are signs of approaching death?
Agitation Swelling in the extremities Pauses in breathing
Signs of sudden cardiac arrest include:
Agonal breathing
being in an open, crowded, or public place
Agoraphobia
What is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities?
Alcohol
____ is the most common type of permanent dementia.
Alzheimer disease
is a brain disease. Nerve cells that control intellectual and social function are damaged and die.
Alzheimer disease (AD)
What is the name of the brain disease in which many nerve cells that control intellectual and social function are damaged and die known as?
Alzheimer's disease
A document stating a person's wishes about health care when that person cannot make his or her own decision is called
An advance directive
Severe limits in intellectual function and adaptive behavior is
An intellectual disability
involves severe limits in intellectual function and adaptive behavior.
An intellectual disability
What is the term for a recurrent, unwanted thought or idea?
An obsession
What is a life-threatening sensitivity to an antigen called?
Anaphylaxis
Which stage of grief is expressed by the statement, "Why me?"
Anger
The term for a chronic disorder in which a person has no regard for right or wrong is:
Antisocial personality disorder
a chronic disorder in which the person's thinking and behaviors show no regard for right or wrong
Antisocial personality disorder
What is a vague, uneasy feeling in response to stress, danger, or harm—real or imagined—called?
Anxiety
is a vague, uneasy feeling in response to stress.
Anxiety
Which is not an acceptable emergency care measure to use for a person with a severe burn?
Apply Silvadene or your nursing center's approved burn treatment as soon as possible.
If a person has external bleeding, it is important to:
Apply pressure over bleeding site
A housing option for older persons who need help with activities of daily living yet wish to remain independent as long as possible is
Assisted living
is a housing option for older persons who need help with ADL yet wish to remain independent as long as possible.
Assisted living
Successful rehabilitation depends on the person's:
Attitude
Hepatitis ____ is spread by: Infected blood or blood products and body fluids
B
Which is not one of Dr. Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying?
Bartering
Cystitis is an infection of the:
Bladder
a chronic disorder in which the person has problems with moods, relationships, self-image, and behavior.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD)
There are various rehabilitation programs. Rehabilitation for complex medical-surgical conditions is used for a person who has experienced:
Burns
Hepatitis ____ is spread by blood contaminated with the virus. A person may have the virus but no symptoms; even without symptoms, the person can transmit the disease.
C
Mobility includes the use of:
Canes Braces Wheelchairs
Extreme responses in which persons may react as if there is a disaster or tragedy, including behaviors such as screaming, crying, or even being combative, are known as
Catastrophic reactions
is a term applied to a group of disorders involving muscle weakness or poor muscle control. The defect is in the motor region of the brain.
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
A defect in the motor region of the brain, usually a result of brain damage is
Cerebral palsy
Fetal alcohol syndrome can be seen in infants who have:
Cerebral palsy
When utilizing medication reminder services, the nursing center personnel:
Chart the medications
Sometimes a confused person may rummage. What should the nursing assistant do?
Check wastebaskets before emptying
What can cause a cystocele?
Childbirth Surgery Loss of estrogen
Which culture buries the person for 7 years then exhumes the body and cremates it?
Chinese
A condition that is caused by chronic damage to the liver in which healthy tissue is replaced by scar tissue and blood flow through the liver is blocked is known as
Cirrhosis
Which is not a proper housekeeping measure to help prevent infection and keep living units neat and tidy?
Clean the tub or shower weekly.
Which is not a sign of a stroke?
Clear, articulate speech
What function involves: Memory Thinking Reasoning Ability to understand Judgment Behavior
Cognitive
______relates to knowledge.
Cognitive
Which is not a service provided by assisted living?
Complete medical care
Which is not utilized to help prevent complications?
Completing all activities of daily living for the person
is repeating an act over and over again (a ritual).
Compulsion
Risk factors for diverticular disease include:
Constipation
means "to change." An emotion is shown as a physical symptom or changed into a physical symptom.
Conversion
a bladder infection caused by bacteria
Cystitis
What is the medical term when the bladder drops down?
Cystocele
Hepatitis ____ Occurs only in persons infected with HBV Is spread the same way as HBV
D
What cleaning services are provided in an assisted living facility?
Dusting furniture weekly
What are signs and symptom of kidney stones?
Dysuria Oliguria Hematuria
Hepatitis _____ is spread by food or water contaminated by feces from an infected person.
E
Sundowning occurs:
Early afternoon
Which is not a part of the American Heart Association's chain of survival?
Early preventative care
What is the term for leaving a nursing center without staff knowledge?
Elopement
The support and care given during the time surrounding death is
End of life care
Inflammation of the esophagus is known as
Esophagitis
When a person has GERD, stomach contents flow into the:
Esophagus
How often should a pouch over a urostomy be changed?
Every 5-7 days
What is a sign or symptom of a stroke?
Facial drooping
Which is not a risk factor for GERD?
Family history
Bile is produced by the liver. It is needed to digest:
Fats
Which is not a sign or symptom of GERD?
Feeling full after eating a large meal
Kidney stones cause:
Fever and chills Hematuria Pain in the abdomen
What is the correct term for the emergency care given to an ill or injured person before medical help arrives?
First aid
What is reliving a trauma in thoughts during the day or nightmares during sleep, maybe in images, sounds, smells, or feelings called?
Flashback
A physical feature commonly associated with Down syndrome is a:
Flat face
There is a change in the gene that makes a protein needed for brain development.
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)
is the most common form of inherited intellectual disabilities.
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)
An inherited intellectual disorder in which the body makes little or none of a protein needed for brain development is
Fragile X syndrome
form when the bile hardens into stone-like pieces.
Gallstones
When bile hardens into stone-like pieces,
Gallstones form
____ relates to learning, thinking, reasoning, and solving problems.
Intellectual function
Restorative nursing care:
Is used for people with progressive illnesses
is a disease in which stomach contents flow back from the stomach into the esophagus.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Which is not a comfort care measure you can provide?
Give pain medication.
Which is not a cause of urinary infection?
Good fluid intake
What is it called when a person sees, hears, smells, or feels something that is not real?
Hallucination
seeing, hearing, smelling, or feeling something that is not real
Hallucination
A child with autism:
Has trouble understanding the feelings of others
What is considered to be the last sense that is lost?
Hearing
A burning sensation in the chest and sometimes the throat is most likely
Heartburn
is a burning sensation in the chest and sometimes the throat. It may cause the person to have a sour taste in the back of the mouth.
Heartburn
Assisted living refers to a place where a person receives:
Help with daily living
removes waste and fluid by filtering the blood through an artificial kidney
Hemodialysis
There are five major types of hepatitis. Which type occurs only in conjunction with Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis D
Hyperglycemia means
High blood sugar
Care that is focused on the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of the dying person and on the family with no concern for a cure or life-saving measures is known as
Hospice care
Cerebrospinal fluid collects in and around the brain.
Hydrocephalus
What condition results when cerebrospinal fluid collects in and around the brain?
Hydrocephalus
often occurs with spina bifida
Hydrocephalus
•stands for intelligence quotient.
IQ
means "to relate or recognize." A person assumes the ideas, behaviors, and traits of another person.
Identification
When a person is having difficulty breathing while dying, it is best to position the person:
In a semi-Fowler's position
What document specifically outlines measures desired to sustain life?
Living will
Rehabilitation takes
Longer in older persons than in other age-groups
What is the first thing a person should do before starting CPR?
Make sure the scene is safe
•means to change or adjust in the wrong way.
Maladaptive
If a resident begins to vomit, the nursing assistant should:
Measure, report, and record the amount
Treatment for depression can include:
Medication Counseling Shock therapy
are the connective tissue that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord.
Meninges
When a person is able to cope with and adjust to everyday stresses in ways accepted by society, this would indicate
Mental health
Family, friends, and others notice problems. The person has problems with memory or concentration and with words or names. The person loses or misplaces something valuable. Functioning in social or work settings declines.
Mild cognitive decline.
There are 7 defined stages of Alzheimer's disease. During which stage does memory of recent or current events decline?
Moderate cognitive decline
Memory of recent or current events declines. There are problems with shopping, paying bills, and managing money. The person may withdraw or be quiet in social situations.
Moderate cognitive decline (mild or early stage).
The person has major memory problems. There may be confusion about the date or day of the week. The person may need help choosing the correct clothing to wear. The person knows his or her own name, a partner's name, and children's names. Usually help is not needed with eating or elimination.
Moderately severe cognitive decline (moderate or midstage)
Which is not true of persons with terminal illness?
Modern medicine has little to no impact.
•disorders involve feelings, emotions, and moods.
Mood (or affective)
the slightest uncleanliness
Mysophobia
What is not true of anaphylactic shock?
No further treatment is required after administration of an epi pen (epinephrine injection).
The person shows no signs of memory problems.
No impairment
Which is not a sign and symptom of kidney stones?
Normal urination
Care which is focused on relieving or reducing the intensity of uncomfortable symptoms as well as treating the illness of a dying person is known as
Palliative care
is an intense and sudden feeling of fear, anxiety, terror, or dread. It is the highest level of anxiety.
Panic
A disorder in which a person holds false beliefs is called:
Paranoia
a mind disorder of false beliefs
Paranoia
In what type of seizure does a person stare, but not lose consciousness?
Partial seizure
•uses the lining of the abdominal cavity to remove waste and fluid from the blood.
Peritoneal dialysis
result from changes in the brain.
Permanent dementia
means an intense fear, panic, or dread.
Phobia
What do comfort needs involve?
Physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual needs
What is not included on a medication record?
Physician's name
What is the most common method of suicide in women?
Poison
What is care given to the body after death called?
Post mortem care
The goal of first aid is to
Prevent death and prevent injuries from becoming worse
What is a goal of health care in rehabilitation?
Prevent disability Reduce the degree of disability Help the person adjust
means "to blame another." An individual blames another person or object for unacceptable behaviors, emotions, ideas, or wishes.
Projection
Which structure is not part of the urinary system?
Prostate
A person who has cirrhosis should limit their intake of:
Protein
means false dementia. The person has signs and symptoms of dementia. This can occur with delirium and depression.
Pseudodementia
Inflammation of the kidney is
Pyelonephritis
is inflammation of the kidney pelvis.
Pyelonephritis
The term for pus in the urine is:
Pyuria
What is a sign or symptom of shock?
Rapid pulse
Dementia causes:
Recent memory loss
means "to move back or to retreat." The person retreats or moves back to an earlier time or condition.
Regression
The person needs to adjust physically, psychologically, socially, and economically. Abilities are stressed. Complications are prevented.
Rehabilitation
The process of restoring the person to his or her highest possible level of physical, psychological, social, and economic function is
Rehabilitation
____ is the process of restoring the person to his or her highest possible level of physical, psychological, social, and economic function.
Rehabilitation
means "to hold down or keep back." The person keeps unpleasant or painful thoughts or experiences from the conscious mind. The person cannot recall or remember such things.
Repression
occurs when breathing stops but heart action continues for several minutes
Respiratory arrest
_____nursing programs: Help maintain the highest level of function Prevent unnecessary decline in function
Restorative
What type of care helps a person regain health, strength, and independence?
Restorative nursing care
Which disease damages the brain in infancy or early childhood and can result in cerebral palsy?
Rubella
Which is not true of your role in rehabilitation and restorative nursing?
Safety, communication, legal, and ethical aspects are guidelines; no laws apply
Oliguria is the medical term for
Scant urine
•means split mind. •The person with psychosis does not view the real or unreal correctly.
Schizophrenia
Violent and sudden contraction or tremors of muscle groups caused by an abnormality in the brain are
Seizures
Which is not an acceptable reason for the assisted living residence to transfer, evict, or discharge a person?
The nursing director doesn't get along with the person or family
Who is the key member of the rehab team?
The person
Residents of an assisted living facility can be transferred, discharged, or evicted. What would be a reason for any of these to occur?
The person's health needs cannot be met The person is a threat to their self or others The person fails to pay for services
Who makes the decision to have a "No Code" order when the person is alert?
The physician and the patient
Which is not one of the six rights of medication administration?
The right to refuse
Which statement is true of rehabilitation in older persons?
There is an increased risk for injury.
Which is not true of assisted living staff requirements?
There is no training or skill required.
Which is not true of restorative aides?
There is no training or skill required.
Which is not true of Gallstones?
They are also known as renal calculi.
Which is not a requirement for assisted living residents?
They are bedridden and require 24-hour nursing care.
Which is not true of restorative nursing programs?
They are for end of life care.
They are bedridden and require 24-hour nursing care.
They have no special rights.
For which type of burns might a person not feel pain?
Third degree burns
When does Down Syndrome occur?
fertilization
A catastrophic reaction can occur from:
Too much stimuli
is a common surgical procedure of BPH
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
What does palliative care mean?
Treating symptoms for comfort
Hospice care:
Tries to improve the quality of life
occurs most often in children, teenagers, and young adults. •The pancreas produces little or no insulin. Rapid onset
Type 1 diabetes
can occur at any age. Although the pancreas secretes insulin, the body cannot use it well. Onset is slow.
Type 2
Signs and symptoms of an enlarged prostate include:
Urinary retention
is based on these principles: All behavior has meaning. Development occurs in a sequence, order, and pattern. If a person does not successfully complete a stage of development, unresolved issues and emotions may surface later in life. A person may return to the past to resolve such issues and emotions. Caregivers need to listen and provide empathy.
Validation therapy
What is the term for the abnormal heart rhythm that usually occurs with cardiac arrest?
Ventricular fibrillation
The person thinks that he or she has memory loss or lapses. Familiar words or names are forgotten. The person does not know where to find keys, eyeglasses, or other objects. These problems are not apparent to family, friends, or the health team.
Very mild cognitive decline.
The person cannot respond to his or her setting, speak, or control movement. The person cannot walk without help. Over time, he or she cannot sit up without support or hold the head up. Muscles become rigid. Swallowing is impaired.
Very severe cognitive decline (severe or late stage).
is the food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth.
Vomitus (emesis)
Which is not part of the urinary system?
Vulva
The fear of strangers is called:
Xenophobia
Which is not true of your role in assisting with medications?
You may give medications only when supervised by the nurse.
Which is not true of your role when an emergency occurs in a nursing center?
You may have to leave the person alone while getting help and equipment or managing others.
When administering rescue breathing:
administer 1 breath every 5-6 seconds
is the medical term for the gasping that people do when they're struggling to breathe because of cardiac arrest or another serious medical emergency.
agonal breathing
Bleeding from _________ will cause a spurt
artery
•In ______, the person cannot control movements. The person has constant slow weaving or writhing motions. Sometimes the tongue, face, and neck muscles are involved. Drooling and grimacing result.
athetoid CP
The prostate grows larger as the man grows older
benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]
The person with ____ has severe extremes in mood, energy, and ability to function
bipolar disorder
What abnormality is present at birth that can involve a body structure or function that causes disability or death?
birth defect
Vomiting large amounts of_____can lead to shock.
blood
Autism is more common in ____
boys
•The diet is high in ______and low in ______ and potassium.
carbohydrates protein
means "to make up for, replace, or substitute." The person makes up for or substitutes a strength for a weakness.
compensation
When the bladder drops down it is called a
cystocele
false belief
delusion
What type of disability occurs before 22 years of age?
developmental disability
A disability occurring before 22 years of age is called a
developmental disability (DD)
What is the most common endocrine disorder?
diabetes
•large amounts of urine are produced: 1000 to 5000 mL a day.
diuresis
Small pouches can develop in the colon. The pouches bulge outward through weak spots in the colon. Each pouch is called a
diverticulum
Leaving the center without staff knowledge is called
elopment
a state of severe mental impairment. A person with this is suspicious
psychosis
When the rectum shifts forward it is called a
rectocele.
•Kidney stones are also called _____
renal calculi.
•part of the spinal column is in a pouch or sac. A membrane or a thin layer of skin covers the sac.
spina bifida cystica,
signs, symptoms, and behaviors of AD increase during hours of darkness.
sundowning
Term for fainting
syncope
In spina bifida occulta:
there is a dimple or tuft of hair on the back
•Microbes can enter the system through the _____
urethra.
A _______ is a surgically created opening between the ureter and the abdomen.
urostomy
When the uterus shifts forward into the vaginal canal it is called a
uterine prolapse.
Bleeding from ______ will cause steady flow
vein
____nursing may involve measures that promote self-care, elimination, positioning, mobility, communication, and cognitive function. Usually nursing assistants are promoted to
•Restorative
