CNA Class Chap 37-45

•Report an output of less than _____per hour to the nurse at once.

30 mL

The fertilized egg has ___chromosomes instead of ___.

47 46

•About ___ of all people over 60 years old of ago have diverticulosis.

50%

In acute kidney failure, urine output is initially less than ____ mL in 24 hours; this phase lasts a few days to 2 weeks.

500

AD usually occurs after the age of ___

60

Signs and symptoms appear when _____ of kidney function is lost

75%

What is the average lifespan once someone develops Alzheimer's disease?

8-10 years

What should the maximum hot water temperature be for water used by residents?

95 degrees to 120 degrees

Hepatitis _____ is spread by the fecal-oral route.

A

What is repeating an act over and over again (a ritual) called?

A compulsion

Any lost, absent, or impaired mental or physical function is

A disability

What is any lost, absent or impaired mental or physical function?

A disability

Which is considered an acute disability?

A fracture

• means reminding the person to take medications, observing them being taken as prescribed, and charting that they were taken.

A medication reminder

Disturbance in the ability to cope with or adjust to stress in which behavior and function are impaired is considered a

A mental disorder

What type of problem can affect a person physically, socially, and spiritually?

A mental health problem

What is the term for an intense fear of something?

A phobia

A surgically created opening (stoma) between a ureter and the abdomen is

A urostomy

What is a service plan?

A written plan listing the services needed by the person, how much help is needed, and who provides the service

Which of the following is a right of assisted living residents?

Be treated with dignity and respect

When do children learn that death is final?

Between 6 and 11 years of age

is a greenish liquid made in the liver. It is stored in the gallbladder until needed to digest fat.

Bile

Which of the following is considered a food safety measure?

Dating refrigerated leftovers

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of a panic disorder?

Decreased heart rate

What is the term for a state of sudden, severe confusion and rapid brain changes?

Delirium

What is the term for sudden, severe confusion accompanied by rapid brain changes?

Delirium

What is the term for a false belief?

Delusion

an exaggerated belief of one's importance, wealth, power, or talents

Delusion of grandeur

the false belief that one is being mistreated, abused, or harassed

Delusion of persecution

What is the loss of cognitive function that interferes with routine personal, social, and occupational activities known as?

Dementia

is the loss of cognitive function that interferes with routine personal, social, and occupational activities. •is a group of symptoms that may occur with certain diseases or conditions.

Dementia

means "refusing to accept or believe something that is true." The person refuses to face or accept unpleasant or threatening things.

Denial

When performing chest compressions:

Depress the sternum 2 inches in an adult

What is the most common mental health problem in older persons?

Depression

An endocrine disorder in which the body cannot produce or use insulin properly is known as

Diabetes

•is the process of removing waste products from the blood.

Dilysis

An older adult with Alzheimer's disease often has sleep disturbances. What should the nursing assistant do?

Discourage daytime naps

means "to move or take the place of." An individual moves behaviors or emotions from one person, place, or thing to a safe person, place, or thing.

Displacement

occurs when diverticulum becoming infected or inflamed

Diverticulitis

Small pouches can develop in the colon and the pouches can bulge outward through weak spots in the colon. Each pouch is called a

Diverticulum

A syndrome with an extra 21st chromosome, which causes certain features to be exhibited and mild to moderate intellectual disabilities is

Down syndrome

Which is not a healthy way to cope with stress?

Drinking

Which is not true of a developmental disability?

It affects only the disabled person.

Which is not true of dementia?

It does not affect personality, mood, or behavior.

When do the symptoms of schizophrenia typically begin in males?

Late teens to early 20s

Where will a person typically experience pain with diverticulitis?

Left lower quadrant

A person with Alzheimer's disease usually has problems with communication. What is the best thing to do to help with this?

Limit choices

The social and psychological aspects of rehabilitation include:

Not arguing with the person

A person with GERD should:

Not lie down for 3 hours after meals

is a recurrent, unwanted thought, idea, or image.

Obsession

What is the term for scant urine?

Oliguria

In acute kidney failure, _____ occurs at first; then _____

Oliguria diuresis.

Which is not true of kidney failure?

Only the urinary system is affected.

means "sensible, reasonable, or logical." An acceptable reason or excuse is given for behaviors or actions. The real reason is not given.

Rationalization

A person acts in a way opposite to what he or she truly feels. example:

Reaction Formation

What is the major goal of rehabilitation?

Self-care

Memory problems are worse. Personality and behavior changes develop—delusions, hallucinations, repetitive behavior. The person needs much help with daily activities, including dressing and elimination. Names may be forgotten but faces may be recognized. Sleep problems, incontinence (urinary and fecal), and wandering are common.

Severe cognitive decline (moderately severe or midstage).

Abuse of the older adult can include:

Sexual abuse Financial abuse Physical abuse

What is a physical requirement for assisting living units?

Smoke detectors

means uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles. Muscles contract or shorten. They are stiff and cannot relax. One or both sides of the body may be involved. Posture, balance,

Spastic

A defect of the spinal column in which vertebrae do not form properly, leaving a split and leaving the cord unprotected, is

Spina bifida

is a defect of the spinal column. The defect occurs during the first month of pregnancy.

Spina bifida

Which is not an accessory organ of digestion?

Spleen

Which is not involved in cognitive function?

Stamina

Response or change in the body caused by any emotional, physical, social, or economic factor is known as

Stress

occurs when the heart and breathing stop suddenly and without warning.

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) or cardiac arrest

Often, signs, symptoms, and behaviors of Alzheimer's increase in the late afternoon and evening hours; so do anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and confusion. What is this called?

Sundowning

A catheter placed directly into the bladder through the abdomen is a(n)

Suprapubic catheter

An illness or injury from which the person is not likely to recover is a(n)

Terminal illness

In an emergency, what is activated that triggers emergency personnel (paramedics, emergency medical technicians) to rush to the scene?

The Emergency medical services (EMS) system

Which is not true of schizophrenia?

The disease affects only the mind, not the body; body movement and functions are normal.

Which is not true of Alzheimer's disease (AD)?

The disease is rapid in onset.

What are the major urinary system structures?

The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Bile is carried from the liver to the ______ through ducts. Bile is carried to the ____ through the ______.

gallbladder small intestine common bile duct

What is the most common symptom of GERD?

heartburn

The focus of rehabilitation is on _____ When improved function is not possible, the goal is to prevent ____

improving abilities. further loss of function.

Schizophrenia In men, the symptoms usually begin in the _____. In women, symptoms usually begin in the ______.

late teens or early 20s mid-20s and early 30s

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the

liver

What are the accessory organs of digestion?

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

•Empty pouches every ____ hours or when they are becoming _____full.

3 to 4 ⅓

being in pain or seeing others in pain

Algophobia

A new pathway ______ is needed for urine to exit the body.

(urinary diversion)

•Kidney function improves and returns to normal during the recovery phase, which can take from _______.

1 month to 1 year

•It can be longer than ____ hours between evening meal and breakfast if there is a nutritious evening snack.

14

Intellectual disability is defined as severe limits in intellectual function before the age of:

18

Some signs of delayed development commonly seen with autism usually occur around the age of:

18 months

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act requires nursing centers to provide rehabilitation services. When was this act passed into law?

1987

White men between the ages of _____ years are at greatest risk for kidney stones

20 and 40

How much fluid should someone with kidney stones drink daily?

2000 to 3000 mL

Down syndrome is a genetic defect involving an extra chromosome on the:

21st chromosome

A developmental disability is defined as a disability occurring before the age of:

22

Which is not a symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Ability to hold and void large amounts of urine

A suprapubic catheter is inserted:

Above the pubic bone

Who plans and conducts activity and recreational programs?

Activity director

What are signs of approaching death?

Agitation Swelling in the extremities Pauses in breathing

Signs of sudden cardiac arrest include:

Agonal breathing

being in an open, crowded, or public place

Agoraphobia

What is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities?

Alcohol

____ is the most common type of permanent dementia.

Alzheimer disease

is a brain disease. Nerve cells that control intellectual and social function are damaged and die.

Alzheimer disease (AD)

What is the name of the brain disease in which many nerve cells that control intellectual and social function are damaged and die known as?

Alzheimer's disease

A document stating a person's wishes about health care when that person cannot make his or her own decision is called

An advance directive

Severe limits in intellectual function and adaptive behavior is

An intellectual disability

involves severe limits in intellectual function and adaptive behavior.

An intellectual disability

What is the term for a recurrent, unwanted thought or idea?

An obsession

What is a life-threatening sensitivity to an antigen called?

Anaphylaxis

Which stage of grief is expressed by the statement, "Why me?"

Anger

The term for a chronic disorder in which a person has no regard for right or wrong is:

Antisocial personality disorder

a chronic disorder in which the person's thinking and behaviors show no regard for right or wrong

Antisocial personality disorder

What is a vague, uneasy feeling in response to stress, danger, or harm—real or imagined—called?

Anxiety

is a vague, uneasy feeling in response to stress.

Anxiety

Which is not an acceptable emergency care measure to use for a person with a severe burn?

Apply Silvadene or your nursing center's approved burn treatment as soon as possible.

If a person has external bleeding, it is important to:

Apply pressure over bleeding site

A housing option for older persons who need help with activities of daily living yet wish to remain independent as long as possible is

Assisted living

is a housing option for older persons who need help with ADL yet wish to remain independent as long as possible.

Assisted living

Successful rehabilitation depends on the person's:

Attitude

Hepatitis ____ is spread by: Infected blood or blood products and body fluids

B

Which is not one of Dr. Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying?

Bartering

Cystitis is an infection of the:

Bladder

a chronic disorder in which the person has problems with moods, relationships, self-image, and behavior.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

There are various rehabilitation programs. Rehabilitation for complex medical-surgical conditions is used for a person who has experienced:

Burns

Hepatitis ____ is spread by blood contaminated with the virus. A person may have the virus but no symptoms; even without symptoms, the person can transmit the disease.

C

Mobility includes the use of:

Canes Braces Wheelchairs

Extreme responses in which persons may react as if there is a disaster or tragedy, including behaviors such as screaming, crying, or even being combative, are known as

Catastrophic reactions

is a term applied to a group of disorders involving muscle weakness or poor muscle control. The defect is in the motor region of the brain.

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

A defect in the motor region of the brain, usually a result of brain damage is

Cerebral palsy

Fetal alcohol syndrome can be seen in infants who have:

Cerebral palsy

When utilizing medication reminder services, the nursing center personnel:

Chart the medications

Sometimes a confused person may rummage. What should the nursing assistant do?

Check wastebaskets before emptying

What can cause a cystocele?

Childbirth Surgery Loss of estrogen

Which culture buries the person for 7 years then exhumes the body and cremates it?

Chinese

A condition that is caused by chronic damage to the liver in which healthy tissue is replaced by scar tissue and blood flow through the liver is blocked is known as

Cirrhosis

Which is not a proper housekeeping measure to help prevent infection and keep living units neat and tidy?

Clean the tub or shower weekly.

Which is not a sign of a stroke?

Clear, articulate speech

What function involves: Memory Thinking Reasoning Ability to understand Judgment Behavior

Cognitive

______relates to knowledge.

Cognitive

Which is not a service provided by assisted living?

Complete medical care

Which is not utilized to help prevent complications?

Completing all activities of daily living for the person

is repeating an act over and over again (a ritual).

Compulsion

Risk factors for diverticular disease include:

Constipation

means "to change." An emotion is shown as a physical symptom or changed into a physical symptom.

Conversion

a bladder infection caused by bacteria

Cystitis

What is the medical term when the bladder drops down?

Cystocele

Hepatitis ____ Occurs only in persons infected with HBV Is spread the same way as HBV

D

What cleaning services are provided in an assisted living facility?

Dusting furniture weekly

What are signs and symptom of kidney stones?

Dysuria Oliguria Hematuria

Hepatitis _____ is spread by food or water contaminated by feces from an infected person.

E

Sundowning occurs:

Early afternoon

Which is not a part of the American Heart Association's chain of survival?

Early preventative care

What is the term for leaving a nursing center without staff knowledge?

Elopement

The support and care given during the time surrounding death is

End of life care

Inflammation of the esophagus is known as

Esophagitis

When a person has GERD, stomach contents flow into the:

Esophagus

How often should a pouch over a urostomy be changed?

Every 5-7 days

What is a sign or symptom of a stroke?

Facial drooping

Which is not a risk factor for GERD?

Family history

Bile is produced by the liver. It is needed to digest:

Fats

Which is not a sign or symptom of GERD?

Feeling full after eating a large meal

Kidney stones cause:

Fever and chills Hematuria Pain in the abdomen

What is the correct term for the emergency care given to an ill or injured person before medical help arrives?

First aid

What is reliving a trauma in thoughts during the day or nightmares during sleep, maybe in images, sounds, smells, or feelings called?

Flashback

A physical feature commonly associated with Down syndrome is a:

Flat face

There is a change in the gene that makes a protein needed for brain development.

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)

is the most common form of inherited intellectual disabilities.

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)

An inherited intellectual disorder in which the body makes little or none of a protein needed for brain development is

Fragile X syndrome

form when the bile hardens into stone-like pieces.

Gallstones

When bile hardens into stone-like pieces,

Gallstones form

____ relates to learning, thinking, reasoning, and solving problems.

Intellectual function

Restorative nursing care:

Is used for people with progressive illnesses

is a disease in which stomach contents flow back from the stomach into the esophagus.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Which is not a comfort care measure you can provide?

Give pain medication.

Which is not a cause of urinary infection?

Good fluid intake

What is it called when a person sees, hears, smells, or feels something that is not real?

Hallucination

seeing, hearing, smelling, or feeling something that is not real

Hallucination

A child with autism:

Has trouble understanding the feelings of others

What is considered to be the last sense that is lost?

Hearing

A burning sensation in the chest and sometimes the throat is most likely

Heartburn

is a burning sensation in the chest and sometimes the throat. It may cause the person to have a sour taste in the back of the mouth.

Heartburn

Assisted living refers to a place where a person receives:

Help with daily living

removes waste and fluid by filtering the blood through an artificial kidney

Hemodialysis

There are five major types of hepatitis. Which type occurs only in conjunction with Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis D

Hyperglycemia means

High blood sugar

Care that is focused on the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of the dying person and on the family with no concern for a cure or life-saving measures is known as

Hospice care

Cerebrospinal fluid collects in and around the brain.

Hydrocephalus

What condition results when cerebrospinal fluid collects in and around the brain?

Hydrocephalus

often occurs with spina bifida

Hydrocephalus

•stands for intelligence quotient.

IQ

means "to relate or recognize." A person assumes the ideas, behaviors, and traits of another person.

Identification

When a person is having difficulty breathing while dying, it is best to position the person:

In a semi-Fowler's position

What document specifically outlines measures desired to sustain life?

Living will

Rehabilitation takes

Longer in older persons than in other age-groups

What is the first thing a person should do before starting CPR?

Make sure the scene is safe

•means to change or adjust in the wrong way.

Maladaptive

If a resident begins to vomit, the nursing assistant should:

Measure, report, and record the amount

Treatment for depression can include:

Medication Counseling Shock therapy

are the connective tissue that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord.

Meninges

When a person is able to cope with and adjust to everyday stresses in ways accepted by society, this would indicate

Mental health

Family, friends, and others notice problems. The person has problems with memory or concentration and with words or names. The person loses or misplaces something valuable. Functioning in social or work settings declines.

Mild cognitive decline.

There are 7 defined stages of Alzheimer's disease. During which stage does memory of recent or current events decline?

Moderate cognitive decline

Memory of recent or current events declines. There are problems with shopping, paying bills, and managing money. The person may withdraw or be quiet in social situations.

Moderate cognitive decline (mild or early stage).

The person has major memory problems. There may be confusion about the date or day of the week. The person may need help choosing the correct clothing to wear. The person knows his or her own name, a partner's name, and children's names. Usually help is not needed with eating or elimination.

Moderately severe cognitive decline (moderate or midstage)

Which is not true of persons with terminal illness?

Modern medicine has little to no impact.

•disorders involve feelings, emotions, and moods.

Mood (or affective)

the slightest uncleanliness

Mysophobia

What is not true of anaphylactic shock?

No further treatment is required after administration of an epi pen (epinephrine injection).

The person shows no signs of memory problems.

No impairment

Which is not a sign and symptom of kidney stones?

Normal urination

Care which is focused on relieving or reducing the intensity of uncomfortable symptoms as well as treating the illness of a dying person is known as

Palliative care

is an intense and sudden feeling of fear, anxiety, terror, or dread. It is the highest level of anxiety.

Panic

A disorder in which a person holds false beliefs is called:

Paranoia

a mind disorder of false beliefs

Paranoia

In what type of seizure does a person stare, but not lose consciousness?

Partial seizure

•uses the lining of the abdominal cavity to remove waste and fluid from the blood.

Peritoneal dialysis

result from changes in the brain.

Permanent dementia

means an intense fear, panic, or dread.

Phobia

What do comfort needs involve?

Physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual needs

What is not included on a medication record?

Physician's name

What is the most common method of suicide in women?

Poison

What is care given to the body after death called?

Post mortem care

The goal of first aid is to

Prevent death and prevent injuries from becoming worse

What is a goal of health care in rehabilitation?

Prevent disability Reduce the degree of disability Help the person adjust

means "to blame another." An individual blames another person or object for unacceptable behaviors, emotions, ideas, or wishes.

Projection

Which structure is not part of the urinary system?

Prostate

A person who has cirrhosis should limit their intake of:

Protein

means false dementia. The person has signs and symptoms of dementia. This can occur with delirium and depression.

Pseudodementia

Inflammation of the kidney is

Pyelonephritis

is inflammation of the kidney pelvis.

Pyelonephritis

The term for pus in the urine is:

Pyuria

What is a sign or symptom of shock?

Rapid pulse

Dementia causes:

Recent memory loss

means "to move back or to retreat." The person retreats or moves back to an earlier time or condition.

Regression

The person needs to adjust physically, psychologically, socially, and economically. Abilities are stressed. Complications are prevented.

Rehabilitation

The process of restoring the person to his or her highest possible level of physical, psychological, social, and economic function is

Rehabilitation

____ is the process of restoring the person to his or her highest possible level of physical, psychological, social, and economic function.

Rehabilitation

means "to hold down or keep back." The person keeps unpleasant or painful thoughts or experiences from the conscious mind. The person cannot recall or remember such things.

Repression

occurs when breathing stops but heart action continues for several minutes

Respiratory arrest

_____nursing programs: Help maintain the highest level of function Prevent unnecessary decline in function

Restorative

What type of care helps a person regain health, strength, and independence?

Restorative nursing care

Which disease damages the brain in infancy or early childhood and can result in cerebral palsy?

Rubella

Which is not true of your role in rehabilitation and restorative nursing?

Safety, communication, legal, and ethical aspects are guidelines; no laws apply

Oliguria is the medical term for

Scant urine

•means split mind. •The person with psychosis does not view the real or unreal correctly.

Schizophrenia

Violent and sudden contraction or tremors of muscle groups caused by an abnormality in the brain are

Seizures

Which is not an acceptable reason for the assisted living residence to transfer, evict, or discharge a person?

The nursing director doesn't get along with the person or family

Who is the key member of the rehab team?

The person

Residents of an assisted living facility can be transferred, discharged, or evicted. What would be a reason for any of these to occur?

The person's health needs cannot be met The person is a threat to their self or others The person fails to pay for services

Who makes the decision to have a "No Code" order when the person is alert?

The physician and the patient

Which is not one of the six rights of medication administration?

The right to refuse

Which statement is true of rehabilitation in older persons?

There is an increased risk for injury.

Which is not true of assisted living staff requirements?

There is no training or skill required.

Which is not true of restorative aides?

There is no training or skill required.

Which is not true of Gallstones?

They are also known as renal calculi.

Which is not a requirement for assisted living residents?

They are bedridden and require 24-hour nursing care.

Which is not true of restorative nursing programs?

They are for end of life care.

They are bedridden and require 24-hour nursing care.

They have no special rights.

For which type of burns might a person not feel pain?

Third degree burns

When does Down Syndrome occur?

fertilization

A catastrophic reaction can occur from:

Too much stimuli

is a common surgical procedure of BPH

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

What does palliative care mean?

Treating symptoms for comfort

Hospice care:

Tries to improve the quality of life

occurs most often in children, teenagers, and young adults. •The pancreas produces little or no insulin. Rapid onset

Type 1 diabetes

can occur at any age. Although the pancreas secretes insulin, the body cannot use it well. Onset is slow.

Type 2

Signs and symptoms of an enlarged prostate include:

Urinary retention

is based on these principles: All behavior has meaning. Development occurs in a sequence, order, and pattern. If a person does not successfully complete a stage of development, unresolved issues and emotions may surface later in life. A person may return to the past to resolve such issues and emotions. Caregivers need to listen and provide empathy.

Validation therapy

What is the term for the abnormal heart rhythm that usually occurs with cardiac arrest?

Ventricular fibrillation

The person thinks that he or she has memory loss or lapses. Familiar words or names are forgotten. The person does not know where to find keys, eyeglasses, or other objects. These problems are not apparent to family, friends, or the health team.

Very mild cognitive decline.

The person cannot respond to his or her setting, speak, or control movement. The person cannot walk without help. Over time, he or she cannot sit up without support or hold the head up. Muscles become rigid. Swallowing is impaired.

Very severe cognitive decline (severe or late stage).

is the food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth.

Vomitus (emesis)

Which is not part of the urinary system?

Vulva

The fear of strangers is called:

Xenophobia

Which is not true of your role in assisting with medications?

You may give medications only when supervised by the nurse.

Which is not true of your role when an emergency occurs in a nursing center?

You may have to leave the person alone while getting help and equipment or managing others.

When administering rescue breathing:

administer 1 breath every 5-6 seconds

is the medical term for the gasping that people do when they're struggling to breathe because of cardiac arrest or another serious medical emergency.

agonal breathing

Bleeding from _________ will cause a spurt

artery

•In ______, the person cannot control movements. The person has constant slow weaving or writhing motions. Sometimes the tongue, face, and neck muscles are involved. Drooling and grimacing result.

athetoid CP

The prostate grows larger as the man grows older

benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]

The person with ____ has severe extremes in mood, energy, and ability to function

bipolar disorder

What abnormality is present at birth that can involve a body structure or function that causes disability or death?

birth defect

Vomiting large amounts of_____can lead to shock.

blood

Autism is more common in ____

boys

•The diet is high in ______and low in ______ and potassium.

carbohydrates protein

means "to make up for, replace, or substitute." The person makes up for or substitutes a strength for a weakness.

compensation

When the bladder drops down it is called a

cystocele

false belief

delusion

What type of disability occurs before 22 years of age?

developmental disability

A disability occurring before 22 years of age is called a

developmental disability (DD)

What is the most common endocrine disorder?

diabetes

•large amounts of urine are produced: 1000 to 5000 mL a day.

diuresis

Small pouches can develop in the colon. The pouches bulge outward through weak spots in the colon. Each pouch is called a

diverticulum

Leaving the center without staff knowledge is called

elopment

a state of severe mental impairment. A person with this is suspicious

psychosis

When the rectum shifts forward it is called a

rectocele.

•Kidney stones are also called _____

renal calculi.

•part of the spinal column is in a pouch or sac. A membrane or a thin layer of skin covers the sac.

spina bifida cystica,

signs, symptoms, and behaviors of AD increase during hours of darkness.

sundowning

Term for fainting

syncope

In spina bifida occulta:

there is a dimple or tuft of hair on the back

•Microbes can enter the system through the _____

urethra.

A _______ is a surgically created opening between the ureter and the abdomen.

urostomy

When the uterus shifts forward into the vaginal canal it is called a

uterine prolapse.

Bleeding from ______ will cause steady flow

vein

____nursing may involve measures that promote self-care, elimination, positioning, mobility, communication, and cognitive function. Usually nursing assistants are promoted to

•Restorative