Coal Energy

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Percent of coal that is anthracite mined in the U.S

0.5%

What are the 4 main types of coal

Anthracite, Bituminous, Subbituminous, Lignite

What Bituminous Coal is used for

Generate Electricity

Why is Surface mining used more in the u.s.

Less expensive

What common metal is coal used to create

Steel

how do power-plants reduce the impacts of sulfur in smoke

they use flue gas desulfurization equipment known as scrubbers to clean the sulfur in the smoke before it leaves the power plant.

what are scrubbers used for

to clean sulfur and mercury

What is mountaintop removal mining

tops of mountains are removed using explosives and mining tools

What percent of greenhouse gas emissions come from underground mining in the U.S

1%

How much Coal was produced in 2011 by the U.S.

1094.3 Million short tons

How much of coal is mined using surface mining method

2/3

How many States mine coal?

25

Composition of Lignite

25-35% Carbon

Composition of Subbituminous

35-45% Carbon

What percent of electricity generated is through coal in the U.S

37%

Percent of coal that is Subbituminous mined in the u.s

44%

Composition of Bituminous Coal

45-86% Carbon

Percent of coal that is Bituminous mined in the U.S

50%

Percent of coal that is Lignite mined in the U.S.

7%

What percent of methane emissions come from underground mining in the U.S

7%

how much of our coal is mined through surface mines

70%

How is coal transported

72% of coal is transported by train, the rest is by barge, ship, bus or pipeline

As of 2012, what is the percent of carbon dioxide emissions from coal

74%

Composition of Anthracite

86-97% Carbon,

How much coal is used for electricity in the U.S

93%

Process of the coal

After extraction, coal is put on a conveyor belt to a preparation plant at the mining station where the coal is cleaned and processed to remove excess materials.

Why is the main transportation not done with barges

Barges are cheaper to ship coal, but cant go as many places as trains and trucks can

Color of Coal

Black or brownish- black

Where does Coal come from

Coal comes from energy stored by plants millions of years ago

How is coal used to generate electricity

Coal is burned to make steam, steam is used to spine turbines, which generate eletricity

Why is mountaintop removal bad for the environment

Debris fills valleys and contaminates streams and rivers killing aquatic and terrestrial wildlife

Process of Underground mining

Elevators are used to transfer miners and coal up to 1000 feet below the surface, where machines are operated to harvest the coal

Process of Surface Mining

Giant machines remove the top layer of ground above the coal seam to reveal the coal seam and put it back when the mining is completed

How is Bituminous Coal is formed

High Heat and Pressure

What are the pro's of mining coal

Inexpensive to produce, abundant

What are the three main regions that coal is found in called

Interior, Appalachian and western coal regions

How is coal used to make steel

Its baked in hot furnaces to make coke, which is used to smelt iron ore

Why is underground mining dangerous to the miner

Mines can cave in, acidic water can drain from abandoned mines

What are the con's of mining coal

Mining process hurts the environment

How much of our coal is produced in the western region

More than 1/2

How much of our coal is produced in the Appalachian region

More than 1/3

Which State is the largest coal producer in the Interior region

Texas

Why do underground mines not affect the environment that much

They are hundreds of feet underground

How Coal is mined

Two methods: surface or underground mining with giant machines.

Which State is the largest coal producer in the Appalachian region

West Virginia

Which states are the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th largest coal producers?

West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Texas

When can surface mining be used

When coal is less than 200 feet underground

Which State is the largest coal producer in the Western region

Wyoming

which state mines the most coal

Wyoming

What is a common ailment of underground miners

black lung disease

What are two laws that have reduced the impact of coal use

clean air act and clean water act

How is coal shipped through pipes

coal is crushed and mixed with water so it can travel through pipes. Known as slurrys

What are underground mines main impact on the environment

methane gas distribution

What are two major industries other than electricity that coal is used in

paper and concrete

materials that are extracted from the coal at the processing plant

rocks, dirt, ash, and sulfur

What are the six principal emissions from coal

sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates, carbon dioxide, mercury, and fly ash.


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