Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind (7E), Daniel Reisberg, Chapter 7

Remember/know distinction

A distinction between two experiences a person can have in recalling a past event. If you "remember" having encountered a stimulus before, then you usually can offer information about that encounter, including when, where, and how it occurred. If you merely "know" that you encountered a stimulus before, then you are likely to have a sense of familiarity with the stimulus but may have no idea when or where the stimulus was last encountered.

Semantic priming

A process in which activation of an idea in memory causes activation to spread to other ideas related to the first in meaning. Speeds up lexical decision responses.

Korsakoff's syndrome

An alcohol related disorder marked by extreme confusion, memory impairment, and other neurological symptoms. Involves anterograde amnesia.

Illusion of truth

An effect of implicit memory in which claims that are familiar end up seeming more plausible

Anterograde amnesia

An inability to form new memories

Retrograde amnesia

An inability to retrieve information from one's past - usually result of head injuries.

Semantic memory

Explicit memory type - general knowledge, not tied to any time or place

Episodic memory

Explicit memory type - memory for specific events

Priming

Implicit memory type - changes in perception and belief caused by previous experience

Procedural memory

Implicit memory type - knowing how to do something

Classical conditioning

Implicit memory type - learning about associations among stimuli

Perceptual learning

Implicit memory type - recalibration of perceptual systems as a result of experience

Encoding specificity

Phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retrieve information are similar to the conditions under which we encoded it

Source memory

Recall of when, where, and how information was acquired. Type of recall.

Context dependent learning

Superior retrieval of memories when the external context of the original memories matches the retrieval context (the psychological context matters more than the physical context).

Lexical decision task

Task in which participants are shown a series of letter sequences - some show words and others don't. Participants hit "yes" if sequence spells a word. A measure of how quickly one can locate words in their memories.

Memory without awareness

The idea of implicit memory - when people are directly tested on their memory, they don't know. When they are tested indirectly, they show that they do remember.

Context reinstatement

The process of recreating the thoughts and feelings of the learning environment even when the recall location is much different.

True

True or false? With anterograde amnesia patients, implicit memory seems almost unaffected.