Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind (7E), Daniel Reisberg, Chapter 7
Remember/know distinction
A distinction between two experiences a person can have in recalling a past event. If you "remember" having encountered a stimulus before, then you usually can offer information about that encounter, including when, where, and how it occurred. If you merely "know" that you encountered a stimulus before, then you are likely to have a sense of familiarity with the stimulus but may have no idea when or where the stimulus was last encountered.
Semantic priming
A process in which activation of an idea in memory causes activation to spread to other ideas related to the first in meaning. Speeds up lexical decision responses.
Korsakoff's syndrome
An alcohol related disorder marked by extreme confusion, memory impairment, and other neurological symptoms. Involves anterograde amnesia.
Illusion of truth
An effect of implicit memory in which claims that are familiar end up seeming more plausible
Anterograde amnesia
An inability to form new memories
Retrograde amnesia
An inability to retrieve information from one's past - usually result of head injuries.
Semantic memory
Explicit memory type - general knowledge, not tied to any time or place
Episodic memory
Explicit memory type - memory for specific events
Priming
Implicit memory type - changes in perception and belief caused by previous experience
Procedural memory
Implicit memory type - knowing how to do something
Classical conditioning
Implicit memory type - learning about associations among stimuli
Perceptual learning
Implicit memory type - recalibration of perceptual systems as a result of experience
Encoding specificity
Phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retrieve information are similar to the conditions under which we encoded it
Source memory
Recall of when, where, and how information was acquired. Type of recall.
Context dependent learning
Superior retrieval of memories when the external context of the original memories matches the retrieval context (the psychological context matters more than the physical context).
Lexical decision task
Task in which participants are shown a series of letter sequences - some show words and others don't. Participants hit "yes" if sequence spells a word. A measure of how quickly one can locate words in their memories.
Memory without awareness
The idea of implicit memory - when people are directly tested on their memory, they don't know. When they are tested indirectly, they show that they do remember.
Context reinstatement
The process of recreating the thoughts and feelings of the learning environment even when the recall location is much different.
True
True or false? With anterograde amnesia patients, implicit memory seems almost unaffected.
