Cognitive Psych Final
A patient with medial temporal lobe damage is taught to juggle on day 1. On day 2, he will remember ___, but he will not remember ___ A) How to juggle/the name of the person who taught him how to juggle B) The name of the person who taught him to juggle/how to juggle
A
A subject is given a list of 20 words to memorize. Thirty minutes later, the subject is asked to write down these 20 words in the order they were presented. This is an example of: A) A serial recall task B) A free recall task C) An implicit memory task D) A short-term memory task
A
According to resource allocation theories, allocating more resources to one task will lead to ____ in the amount of resources allocated to a second task. A) A decrease B) An increase C) No change
A
Broadbent's peripheral gate theory is an example of a A) Early Selection B) Late Selection C) Flexible Selection D) None of the Above
A
Failure to retrieve information from memory is attributed to ___ when the information has been lost due to the passage of time and attributed to ___ when that failure is due to competing information A) Decay/Interference B)Excitation/inhibition C) Inhibition/Excitation D) Interference/Decay
A
Frisen and Kingstone (1998) concluded that: A) When you see someone's eyes pointing in a particular direction, you will automatically shift your attention in that direction B) When you see someone's eyes pointing in a particular direction, this won't have much effect on your attention C) When you see someone's eyes pointing in a particular direction, you will be distracted, making you slower to respond to a target presented at any location D) When you see someone's eyes pointing in a particular direction, your attention is voluntarily shifted in that direction
A
If you are looking out the window of a moving train at two stationary objects, A and B, and object A appears to move across the window more quickly than object B, this indicates that A) object A is closer than object B B) Object B is closer than object A
A
In English-speaking countries, speech directed toward young children is typically: A) Dominated by simple, grammatical sentences about the here and now B) Filled with gaps, restarts, and errors C) Based on different rules of syntax than speech directed towards adults D)Lack in prosody
A
In an experiment by Posner and Keele (1970) subjects learned to categorize several distortions of 4 prototype dot patterns, but they never say the actual prototypes during training. When later tested with new distortions and the prototypes: A) subjects categorized the prototypes more accurately than the new distortions B) Subjects categorized the prototypes less accurately than the new distortion C) Subjects categorized the prototypes and the new distortions with equal accuracy
A
In the Posner cuing paradigm, reaction times are typically fastest on ___ trials, intermediate on ___ trials, and slowest on ___ trials A) Valid/ neutral / invalid B) Neutral / Valid / invalid C) Invalid / Neutral / Valid D) Neutral / Invalid / Valid
A
Keppel and Underwood provided evidence against the passive decay of information in short-term memory. They presented subjects with 3 letters to remember and then gave them a 3-digit number and asked the subjects to count backwards from this number by 3's. Why did they give the subject the 3-digit number and ask them to count backwards? A) To prevent active rehearsal of the 3 letters B) To prevent the use of mnemonic strategies such as visualization C) To prevent verbal encoding of the 3 letters D) To prevent the use of echoic memory
A
Primary Motor Cortex is located in the ___ lobe A) Frontal B) Occipital C)Parietal D) Temporal
A
Patients with Wernicke's aphasia primarily have a problem with: A) Syntax B) Semantics C) Pragmatics D) Phonetics
B
Talking on a cellular telephone while driving leads to an increased probability of getting into an accident. This is an example of what principle? A) When more resources are allocated to one task (e.g., talking on the telephone), fewer resources are available for other tasks (e.g., driving the car) B) Holding one object (e.g., the telephone) interferes with the ability to manipulate other objects (e.g., the steering wheel) C) Illusory conjunctions are more likely to occur under conditions of distraction D) Attention operates to attentuate signals from ignored sources of sensory input
A
The cerbreal cortex: A) Consists of one continous, six-layered sheet for each hemisphere b) Was divided by Brodmann into 12 distinct areas C) Contains many folds and creases so that functionally related areas can be nearer to each other. D) all of the above
A
The concept "bachelor" could be represented in a person's mind as "an unmarried, adult, male, human." This would be an example of a) The classical, feature-based view of concepts and categories b) The prototype view of concepts and categories c) The exemplar-based view of concepts and categories d) All of the above e) None of the above
A
Which of the following is an example of a target-present trial in a search for feature absence? A) The target is an arrowhead (>), the distractors are arrows with both an arrowhead and a tail (->), and the target arrowhead (>) is there B) The target is an O, the distractors are Q's, and the O is not there C) The target is a fish with a dot, the distractors are fish without dots, and the fish with a dot is there D) The target is a red vertical line, the distractors are either green vertical lines or red horizontal lines, and the red vertical line is there
A
Which of the following is an illusory conjunction? A) When you look briefly at a blonde, clean shaven man and a red-haired, goateed man, you think you see a blonde man with a goatee and and a red-haired, clean shaven man. B) You see the word "blue" written in red ink and, when asked what color ink it is, you say "blue" C) In a crowded club, you wave frantically at your tanned, blonde friend to let her know you've found a table. Just then, you realize it's not her - you had seen a tan, blonde woman but she doesn't look anything like your friend D) You're speeding on Interstate 80 and suddenly notice flashing lights and think it's a police car, but then you realize it was only the flashing lights of a tow truck
A
A "Turing machine is __ A) An extremely fast and powerful type of computer B) A very simple type of computer with very well understood computational abilities C)A theoretical computer that could neber actually be built D) A means of determining whethera given computer can think
B
A hypothesis differs from a prediction in that: A) A hypothesis is a statement about how some broad aspect of the world works, and a prediction is an interpretation about what the experimental results mean, relating them to the conclusions of the study. B)A hypothesis is a statement about how some specific aspect of the world works, and a prediction is a statement about what pattern of results the experimenters expect for a specific experiment on the basis of the hypothesis. C) A hypothesis is a statement about what pattern of results the experiments expect on the basis of a theory, and a prediction is an interpretation of the results with discussion of how future experiments would shed light on the remaining questions. D) A hypothesis is a statement about how a scientist would like the world to work, and a prediction is an astrological technique involving interpretation of patterns of star movements and planetary influences.
B
A patient with extinction A) Cannot detect an item in the bad side of space when that items is presented alone B) Cannot detect an item in the bad side of space when that items is presented along with an item in the good side of space C) Cannot detect an item in the good side of space when that item is presented along with an item in the bad side of space D) All of the above E) None of the above
B
Accoding to Baddeley's model of working memory, the articulatory loop stores: A) 7+/- 2 words B) Approximately 2 seconds worth of words C) Approxiamately 5 syllables worth of words D) All of the above
B
According to Triesman's feature integration theory, simple features ___ A) cannot be detected without attention B) Cannot be conjoined without attention C) Are extracted from the visual input by a serial process D) Are stored in feature maps without any spatial information
B
According to feature integration theory, which two of the following search tasks should require serial search? (1) the target differs from the distractors by a single feature such as color. (2) The target differs from the distractors by a conjunction of two or more features, such as color and orientation. (3) The target differs from the distractors by the presence of a feature (i.e. the targets have the added feature). (4) The target differs from the distractors by the absences of a feature (i.e. the distractors have a feature that the target lacks). A) 1 and 3 B) 2 and 4 C) 2 and 3 D) 3 and 4
B
According to the levels-of-processing framework, we remember information best if: A)We have encountered it multiple times B)We process the information at the time of encoding C) We repeat the inofrmation multiple times in the articulatory loop D) We use distributed rather than massed training
B
Chomsky and other nativists have argued that much of language is innate. One of their arguments has been that, during language acquisition, there is a lack of negative evidence. This means that if a child says "Johnny sleeping" an adult is unlikely to say: A) "No. Johnny is awake" B) "No. You should say Johnny is sleeping" C) "That's right, Johnny is sleeping" D) "That's right. He has been asleep fo an hour"
B
Duncan et al. used a brain imaging technique known as positron emission technology (PET) in their study of intelligence. One important quality of the PET technique is that: A) It can produce a moving picture of brain activity B) It can indicate the location of neural activity within the brain to within 1 cubic centimeter C) It can indicate the timing of neural activity to within 1 millisecond D) It does not require injecting radioactive isotopes into the bloodstream
B
French (2000) prorposed using subcognitive questions to probe the intelligence of a machine. Why? A) Because subcognitive questions probe suconscious knowledge B) Because subcognitive questions probe knowledge gained through real-world experience C) Because it is clear that no machine could ever anser such questions correctly D) Because this is a better test of artifical intelligence than the Turing test is
B
If you are flying in an airplane, you can judge your altitude by looking out the window at the ground below. If you are flying at a high altitude: A) The ground will appear to move quickly B) The ground will appear to move slowly C) The ground will appear to contract D) The ground will appear to expand (dilate)
B
In Dichotic listening experiments, a subject who is shadowing a story presented in the left ear while words are being presented to the right ear will remember ___ from the right ear. A) Approximately half of the words B) Very few or none of the words C) Almost all of the words D) Only simple words, such as common, one-syllable nouns
B
In May, 1997, an IBM supercomputer called "deep blue" beat the reigning World Chess Champion, Garry Kasparov, in a 6-game chess match. Is this a case of a computer successfully passing the Turing test? In other words, is highly accurate performance in a task such as chess sufficient for a computer to pass the turing test? A) Yes B) No
B
In Sperling's "whole report" tasks, subjects were shown a brief array of letters and numbers and were asked to remember as many of them as possible. According to Sperling, about how many letters and numbers could subjects report from a 12 item array? A) 2 B) 5 C) 10 D) 12
B
In the "fan blowing bubbles" picture, we use the changes in brightness across each bubble to infer that those objects have a spherical shape. This is an example of the process of : A) Parsing B) Surface interpretation C) Recognition
B
In the Posner cuing paradigm, attention will automatically be attracted to a location indicated by a A) Central Cue B) Peripheral Cue C) All of the Above D) None of the Above
B
Patients with neglect following damage to the right hemisphere have which of the following characteristics? A) They fail to notice visual inputs on the impaired side, except for highly meaningful stimuli such as money B) They may show neglect for the left side of an object, even if the object is in the far right of space C) They show neglect only for real sensory inputs and not for mental images D) They fail to eat food from the right side of the plate
B
Perceptual illusions are usually in the result of: A) algorithims B) heuristics C) the physical properties of objects D) The physical properties of energy sources
B
The __ lobe is devoted entirely to vision A) Frontal B) Occipital C) Parietal D) Temporal
B
The concept "bird" could be represented in a person's mind as an average of all the birds the person has encountered. This would be an example of: A) the classical, feature-based view of concepts and categories B) The prototype view of concepts and categories C) The instance-based view of concepts and categories D) All of the above
B
The main function of the corpus callosum is to ___ A) Relay sensory information from the brainstem to the cerebral cortex B) Relay information between the 2 cerebral hemispheres C) Coordinate fine muscle movement D) Coordinate sensory inputs with movement outputs
B
What did Sperling conclude from his "partial report" task? A) Sensory memory does not exist B) Sensory memory has virtually infinite storage capacity C) Sensory memory decays slowly D) All of the above E) None of the above
B
When a subject is given a list of words to remember, accuracy is usually very high for the last few words on the list. This is called a ___ effect. A) Primacy B) Recency C) Proactive Inhibition D) Retrograde amnesia
B
Which of the following abilities is severely impaired in patients with anterograde amnesia due to medial temporal lobe damage? A) Remembering events from 10 years before the brain damage B) Remembering events from 10 years after the brain damage C) Motor tasks (like riding a bike) that were learned 10 years before brain damage D) Motor tasks (like riding a bike) that were learned 10 years after the brain damage E) All of the above
B
Which of the following is an example of a receptor transducing energy? A) A person seeing an apple being the color red B) A photoreceptor absorbing a photon of light and, as a result, changing its rate of neurotransmitter release C) Having your patellar tendon (in your knee) struck by a doctor with a rubber mallet and reflexively extending your leg D) All of the above E) none of the above
B
Which of the following is an example of retroactive interference? A) Confusing your voicemail password with your email password when both were obtained at the same time B) Forgetting your old phone number after getting a new one C)You try to remember your new phone number, but you keep remembering your old phone number D)All of the above E) None of the above
B
Which of the following is evidence that errors in retrieval are caused by interference? A) When a subject memorizes two lists of words, A & B, and is then tested on both lists, accuracy for list B is more accurate than accuracy for list A B) When a subject memorizes two lists of words, A& B, and then is tested on list B, accuracy is lower than for a subject who only memorizes list B C) When a subject memorizes two lists of words, A&B, and is then tested on list A, accuracy is higher than for a subject who memorizes only list A D) All of the above
B
Which of the following is true according to the modal model of memory: A) The central executive controls the transfer of information between short-term memory and long-term memory B) Information enters long-term memory by passing through short-term memory C) Information that is processed deeply during encoding is more likely to be remembered D) There are separate semantic and visual long-term memory storage systems
B
Which of the following observations provides evidence that neglect is not a result of sensory deficits? A) Neglect patients in a line cancellation task only crossed out the lines on the right side of the page B) Neglect patients will report items from only one side of their mental images C) Neglect patients will only eat the food on one side of the plate D) Neglect patients will only respond to stimuli in one visual hemifield
B
Which of the following sentences would be very difficult for a patient with Broca's aphasia to understand: A) "The beatles is an excellent band" B) "The evil person murdered by the child was buried alive" C) Beyonce is a very, very, good singer, dancer, and entertainer, and she has great smile with bright, with very straight teeth D) All of the above would be difficult to understand E) None of the above would be difficult to understand
B
A subject is given a list of 20 words to read, all of which are related to the word "black". Thirty minutes later, the subject is given a set of word stems and is asked to write down the first word that comes to mind that begins with each word stem. The subject completes the stem "bla__" as "black". This is an example of: A) A serial recall task B) A free recall task C) An implicit memory task D) A semantic memory task
C
Chomsky and other nativists have argued that much of lanugage is innate. One of their arguments has been that, during language acquisition, the speech that children hear from adults is impoverished and degenerate. An example of this would be: A) Adults use baby talk, like look at the itty bitty baby B) Adults use many short sentences, like "I know...we can go tomorrow" C)Adults use many malformed sentences, like "They...if...is not really....but may be tomorrow" D) All of the above
C
Color constancy is the ability to see an object as being the same color irrespective of variation in: A) The distance from which you are viewing the object B) The ability of the object surface to reflect specific wavelengths of light C) The degree to which the lighting source contains the different wavelengths of light D) The intensity of the lighting source E) All of the above
C
In lab section, we discussed definitions for the terms theory, hypothesis, and prediction. According to these definitions, a prediction is: A) A statement about the implications of a theory that applies across a broad set of different experiments B) A statement about the implications of a hypothesis that applies across a broad set of different experiments C) A statement about the implications of a hypothesis that applies to a specific experimental situation D) All of the above E) None of the above
C
Looking into the stands at Drake stadium during a football game and trying to pick out your friend is a difficult task. This situation is analogous to which of the following types of experimental tasks? A) The Posner Cuing paradigm B) The Stroop task C) The visual search task D) The Eriksen flankers task
C
Memory Performance on a span task is typically reduced when the participant has to perform concurrent articulation. This is due to: A) Cognitive load B) Rhythmic movements C) Subvocalization D) Brain Damage
C
Neglect is usually found after damage to the ___ parietal lobe and usually consists of a lack of attention to the ___ side of space A) Left/Left B) Left/Right C) Right/Left D) Right/Right
C
Neurones bridge the gap between one another by releasing A) Oxygen B) Myelin C) Neurotransmitters D) Glia
C
Our sensory receptors recieve energy from the world. Where does this energy come from? A) It may be created directly from the objects that we perceive B) It may be created by other sources and distorted by the objects that we perceive C)All of the above D) None of the above
C
Some researchers have argued that visual images consist of array-format representations because image processing is similar to actual visual perception. The problem with this argument is that: A) Visual perception appears to use array-format representations but not propostional representations B) Visual perception appears to use propostional representations but not array-format representations C) Visual perception appears to use both array-format representations and propostional representations D) Visual perception appears to use neither array-format representations nor propostional representations
C
The classical,feature-based view of categorization cannot easily explain why: A) Both penguins and robins are categorized as birds B)Bats are not categorized as birds C) A robin seems like a better example of a bird than a penguin does D) All of the above E) none of the above
C
The cocktail party problem refers to the ___. A) Difficulty of locating a single sound in an otherwise quiet room B) Effect of alcohol consumption on attention C) Difficulty of understanding the person with whom you are conversing when other people are talking at the same time D) Difficulty of trying to understand multiple conversations at the same time
C
The concept "game" could be represented in a person's mind as a linked set of representations of all the games the person has encountered. This would be an example of: A) The classical, feature-based view of concepts and categories B) The prototype view of concepts and categories C) The instance-based view of concepts and categories D) All of the above E) None of the above
C
The famous patient H.M. had brain surgery to relieve his eplilepsy. What kind of memory impairment did he have? A) A profound anterograde amnesia, accompanied by a profound retrograde amnesia B) A mild anterograde amnesia accompanied by a profound retrograde amnesia C) A profound anterograde amnesia , accompanied by a mild retrograde amnesia D) A mild anterograde amnesia, accompanied by a mild retrograde amnesia
C
The visible strips of cortex on the surface are called __; small grooves (creases) are called __: large grooves (creases) are called ___. A) Sulci/fissures/gyri B) Fissures/sulci/gyri C) Gyri/Sulci/Fissures D) Sulci/Gyri/Fissures
C
When children learn the past-tense form of English Verbs ___ A) They learn many regular forms before they learn any irregular forms B)They are able to apply the "-ed" rule to new words at the very first stage C)They may correctly say "sat" as one stage and later incorrectly say "sitted" D)They may correctly say "dropped" at one stage and later incorrectly say "drap"
C
Which of the following is considered evidence by Chomsky and other nativists that language learning must be based on innate knowledge? A) Child-direct speech is highly simplified B) Children acquire language slowly over a period of years C)Adult language is filled with false starts, production errors, and incomplete sentences D) When children make grammatical errors, adults provide implicit correction by providing a corrected version of the child's utterance
C
Which of the following is not a prediction made by Feature Integration Theory A) Illusory Conjuctions should occur when attention is distracted B) It should be possible to detect a feature without being able to report its location C) Visual Search should be parallel when the target is defined by the absence of a feature D) Visual search should be serial when the target is defined by a conjuction of features
C
Which of the following is not an example of syntax? A) singlular nouns (e.g book) are preceded by an article (eg "the) B) An adjective (e.g difficult) precedes the noun it modifies (e.g. test) C)To pronounce the pleural of a regular noun, say the noun, and add "S" if the noun ends in a hard consonant and add "Z" if the noun ends in a consonant or vowel D) All sentences must have noun phrase and a verb phrase
C
Which of the following terms best describes the source of motor system control? A)The parietal lobe B) Temporal lobe C) The Contralateral Hemisphere D) The ipsilateral hemisphere
C
Which of the following was not a factor that provided an important basis for the development of cognitive psychology? A) The philospher Karl Popper developed a philosophy of science based on "falsification" in which unobservable entities such as mental processes could be studied scientifically B) Philosphers such as Hobbes proposed that thinking was a form of computation C) In 1905, Thorndike discovered instrumental conditioning D) Around the time of WWII, psychologists and engineers began to understand how information was quantified and used in systems such as radar
C
Which of the following would be an example of a "subcognitive" question, as proposed by French (2000)? A) How are you feeling right now? B) What was the happiest event in your life? C) If someone called you a "trubhead", would that be a compliment or insult? D) What type of food do you prefer, Chinese or Mexican?
C
Your perception of the 3-dimensional shape of an apple will depend on several important factors, including: A) Whether the apple is viewed from a distance of 12 inches or 20 inches B) Whether the apple is illuminated by sunlight or a desk lamp C) The laws of physics that determine how light is reflected by the apple D)the ability of the apple to reflect reddish vs greenish wavelengths of light
C
A patient with anterograde amnesia fails to remember ___, whereas a patient twith retrograde amnesia fails to remember___ A) Short-term information / long-term information B)Long-term information/short-term information C) Information from before the onset of the amnesia / Information from after the onset of the amnesia D) Information from after the onset of the amnesia / Information from before the onset of amnesia
D
According to the instance-based theories of categorization, subjects in category-learning experiences are particulary accurate at categorizing prototypes becasuse: A) They have encountered the prototypes more often B) The prototypes of the different categories are highly dissimilar C) Prototypes have more distinctive features D) Prototypes tend to resemble all of the exemplars
D
Among the following methods, which is the most effective means of learning the Spanish equivalents of English words? A) Repeating the word pairs over and over again out loud B) Repeating the word pairs over and over again silently C) Studying all of the word pairs in one 2-hour period rather than 4 30 min periods D) Creating imaginary scenes in which the word pairs are visually associated
D
Auditory processing takes place mainly in the ___ lobe. A) Frontal B) Occipital C) Parietal D) Temporal
D
Broadbent (1958) proposed that attention operates as a peripheral gate. Which of the following results would, if true, be strong evidence for this theory? A) Subjects who are in a high state of arousal can attend to stories presented in both ears simultaneously B) When subjects shadow one ear, they are able to detect their own name present in the other ear C) Shadowing is easier when the story being shadowed is spoken slowly. D) When subjects shadow a story in one ear, the sensory ERP responses elicited by stimuli in the other ear are suppressed
D
Evidence supporting early selection includes: A) Attended stimuli elicit larger ERP components within 100 ms of stimulus onset B) Attended stimuli elicit larger single-unit responses beginning 60 ms after stimulus onset C) Attention leads to increased blood flow in visual cortex (as measured with PET) D) All of the above E) None of the above
D
Imagine that you are lookign at two objects, A and B (real objects, not in a picture). If object A is partially occluded by object B, then: A) You will percieve object A as being closer to you than object B, but this will be an illusion B)You will percieve object B as being closer to you than object A, but this will be an illusion C)You will percieve object A as being closer to you than object B, but this will be correct D)You will percieve object B as being closer to you than object A, but this will be correct
D
In Visual search tasks, patients with neglect: A) are highly impaired at searching for both feature and conjunction targets in the bad field B) Are highly impaired at searching for feature targets in both the good field and the bad field C) Are highly impaired at searching for conjunction targets in both the good field and the bad field D) Are highly impaired at searching for conjunction targets but not for feature targets in the bad field
D
In a neural network, each unit corresponds to ___, and each connection weight corresponds to ___. A) A synapse / the strength of a cortical layer B) A synapse / the strength of a synapse C) A neuron/ the strength of a cortical layer D) A neuron/the strength of a synapse
D
In the Stroop task, the name of a color is drawn in colored ink, and subjects are asked either to say the word or to say the color of the ink. When subjects are instructed to say the _, they are __ if the ink color and word are different than if they are the same. A) Word/faster B) Word/Slower C) Ink Color/Faster D) Ink Color / Slower
D
Keppel & Underwood provided evidence against the passive decay of information in short-term memory. Using a variant of Peterson and Peterson (1962), they found that: A) There was no decay on the first trial of the experiment B)The decay could be explained by proactive interference C) The decay could be explained by the same principles that govern long-term memory D)All of the above
D
Knowing that Des Moisnes is the capital of Iowa is an example of what kind of memory? A) Episodic B) Procedural C) Repressed D) Semantic
D
Lightness constancy is the ability to see an object as being the same lightness irrespective of variations in: A) the 3-dimensional viewpoint from which you are seeing the object B) The ability of the object surface to reflect light C) The degree to which the lighting source is yellowish vs bluish D) The intensity of the lighting source E) All of the above
D
Patient R.M. has lesions in both the left and right parietal lobes, leading to a very severe, disruption of attention. Which of the following statements characterizes his performance on lab tasks? A) He neglects the left half of space but not the right half of space B) He cannot perform visual search tasks, even for simple feature targets C) If shown a red A and a green B, he almost always reports seeing a red A and a green B D) If shown a red X in the upper half of a computer monitor, he cannot tell you where the letter is located, but he can tell you that it is red
D
Peterson and Peterson attempted to provide evidence for rapid decay of information in short-term memory. They presented subjects with 3 letters to remember and then gave them a 3-digit number and asked the subjects to count backwards from this number by 3's. They found that accuracy for remembering the 3 letters fell to nearly zero after a delay of: A) 50 milliseconds B) 500 milliseconds C) 1.8 Seconds D) 18 seconds
D
Recent Studies of attention indicate that A) Attention operates only at early stages of Processing B) Attention operates only at late stages of processing C) Attention operates at neither early nor late stages D) Attention can operate at both early and late stages
D
The term "flashbulb memory" refers to A) A false memory that has been implanted in an eyewitness B) The ability to recall things with photographic precision C) The sudden recollection of a repressed memory D) A vivid memory of an emotional event, such as the challenger space shuttle disaster
D
The thalamus plays an important role in ___. A) Controlling bodily functions B) Emotions and motivation C) Memory Formation D) Relaying sensory information to the cortex
D
Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by: A) Obvious impairments in language comprehension B) Fluent but meaningless speech C) Extensive use of syntax D) All of the above E) None of the above
D
When a subject performs a serial, self-terminating search, the slope of the function relating reaction time to set size is twice as great on target-absent trials as on target-present trials. Why? A) Detecting the absence of a feature requires attention, but detecting the presence of a feature does not B) Both hemispheres must be used to decide that a target is absent, but only one hemisphere is necessary to determine that the target is presence C) Illusory Conjunctions are twice as likely on target-absent trials as on target-present trials D) All of the items must be searched to determine that the target is absent, but only half must be searched (on average) to find a target
D
When one object is occluded by another, what does the visual system do to recognize the occluded object? A) Erases the occluding object B) Ignores the occluding object C) Parses the occluding object D) Fills in behind the occluding object
D
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the working-memory system? A) The central executive coordinates the role of assistant systems B) Working memory has a limited capacity C) The assistants are responsible soley for the storage of information D) Working memory is a single entity with virtually no peripheral mechanisms
D
Which of the following is a resason for the decline of behaviorism? A) Philosphers of science argued that the behavorist theories are not testable B) Behavorist principles can explain the behavior of animals, but they cannot provide an adequate explanation for any interesting aspects of human behavior. C) Turing proved that a trung machine can be created to compute anything that can be computed. D) Chomsky persuasively argued that Skinner's analysis of language learning was incorrect because people frequently form sentence that they have never heard beofre and have never been reinforced for saying
D
Which of the following results would be evidence that information is stored in a semantically organized manner in long-term memory? A) After memorizing a list of words, a subject is more accurate at remembering short words than long words B) After memorizing a list of words, a subject is more accurate at remembering long words than short words C)When recalling a list of memorized words, a subject who remembers the word "gift" is also likely to remember the words sift and lift. D)When recalling a list of memorized words, a subject who remembers the word "gift" is also likely to remember the words "birthday and present" E) All of the above
D
Which of the following tasks is not impaired in patients such as H.M. with medial temporal lobe damage? A) Free Recall B) Serial Recall C) Cued Recall D) Habit Learning
D
Which of the following would be considered a within-subjects design? A) 24 women take test A, and 24 women take test B, and the study compares the men's performance to the women's performance B) 24 people, half men and half women, take test A, and the study compares the men's performance to the women's performance C) 24 men take test A, and 24 different men take test B, and the study compares the performance of the first group on test A to the performance of the second group on test B D) 24 people, half men and half women, take both test A and test B, and the study compares performance on test A to performance on test B
D
Our perception of the environment at any given moment reflects the interaction of several important factors, including: A) The physical properties (e.g. reflectance) of objects in the environment B) The laws of physics that control how energy is transmitted through and distorted by the environment C) The properties of our sensory receptors D) Our previous experience with the world E) all of the above
E
Which of the following is a Gestalt principle of perceptual organization? A) Shape constancy B) Good Continuation C) Convergence D) Motion parallax
b
A key conclusion of the Loftus and Palmer (1974) article was that a memory of an event: A) Is analogous to replaying a videotape of the event B) Is encoded in the brain and can be later retrieved with a high degree of accuracy C) Fades over time and therefore becomes less accurate D) Is malleable (changeable and can be distorted without a person's awareness
d
