Comm 121 final
Intimate partner violence is _______ that occurs between people in a close relationship.
abuse
Dialectical tensions will occur throughout the stages of relational escalation and de-escalation, and the strategy you choose to manage them depends on the situation. These tensions can break a relationship before it escalates to the next stage, or if manage properly they can propel it into greater __________.
intimacy
_______ are many times more likely to experience IPV than men
women
Relationship theorist Steven ______ describes relational dissolution as a communication process that starts with the individual, then involves the partner, and subsequently involves the social network:
Duck
first stage of conflict in which one or both people become aware that there are important differences between members of the dyad
Latent conflict
______________ is a non-assertive conflict management style that involves managing conflict by giving in to the demands of others. It's considered a "win-lose" approach
accomodation
When asked to explain a relational transgression the offender will usually respond with an _________.
account
_____________ responses are crying, conceding, or apologizing can be considered either direct or indirect.
acquiescent
________-oriented listeners prefer information that is organized, to the point, and accurate. Action-oriented listening tends to focus on the big idea
action
________ verbal responses are direct, which can include counterattacks, self-defense statements, sarcastic statements, and demands for explanation. Most responses tend to be either non-assertive or aggressive, thus preventing the issue from being resolved and leading to built-up resentment or gradual deterioration of self-esteem.
active
________________ is an aggressive conflict management style inwhich one expresses their own needs while denying the needs and rights of others.
aggressiveness
A couple may address their tension between predictability and novelty by deciding to maintain a predictable life, except for twice a year when they go on an exotic vacation with no itinerary. Which strategy for managing dialectical tension is used?
alternation
A(n) _________ is made when there is an acknowledgement of wrongdoing and the person accepts responsibility for the action and increases the likelihood of forgiveness especially when this is made sincerely.
apology
_______________ is communication that expresses your own needs while also considering the needs of the other.
assertiveness
___________ is a non-assertive conflict management style that involves "managing" conflict by trying to work around it.. It's considered a "lose-lose" approach
avoidance
a conflict myth that creates an environment where one or both people *never* feel quite comfortable being themselves. "conflict can always be _________"
avoided
However, if after determining the cause and effect, the perceiver or offended party does not interpret the account as reducing the intentionality and responsibility of the actor, then _______ will ensue, causing resentment and breakup if left unresolved.
blame
an attack on a person's character or personality
criticism
In ___________ dissolutions, both parties are predisposed to ending the relationship and simply need to go over the details.
bilateral
deception by __________ is the intentional presentation of false information. It includes bold faced and white lies
commission
_____________ is managing conflict by seeking to win, often at the expense of the other person involved. This is also a "win-lose" approach because it evolves from a low concern for others and a high concern for self.
competition
A ____________ is an assertive conflict management style in which one attempts to find a middle ground, which stems from a high concern for both the self and the other. It's considered a "win-lose" or "lose-win" approach.
compromise
Conflict is considered ______________ if it ultimately helps build new insights into the relationship and establishes new patterns of communication.
constructive
an exaggerated form of criticism intended to insult and hurt the partner
contempt
_________-oriented listeners focus on facts, intricate details, and evidence in a message. They tend to reject or question messages that do not include ample evidence.
content
barrier to effective listening that occurs when a self-absorbed listener focuses on his or her own personal agenda rather than listening to others.
conversational narcissism
barrier to effective listening in which we form quick and certain impressions of others that may prevent us from listening to their message: _____________ the speaker
criticizing
____________ rewards and costs represent the total rewards and costs that we have accrued during the duration of the relationship.
cumulative
fifth stage of conflict where emotions calm down and each person is willing to negotiate to resolve the conflict.
de-escalation
one of the least effective strategies for managing dialectical tensions
denying that the conflict exists
_____________ conflict dismantles rather than strengthens a relationship.
destructive
The bilateral-________ breakup includes attributional conflict, in which the couple argues not about whether to end, but about why the relationship is ending
direct
sixth stage of conflict in which one or both individuals try to either manage or resolve the conflict entirely by suggesting approaches or solutions.
dispute settlement
In the ________ phase, one or both person's internal contemplations about the relationship turn into an actual confrontation.
dyadic
When two people are in conflict because neither will let go of their personal position, this can result in an _____ conflict.
ego
___________ abuse involves threatening a partner or his or her possessions or loved ones, or harming a partner's sense of self-worth such as stalking, name-calling, intimidation, or not letting a partner see friends and family.
emotional
barrier to effective listening that occurs when emotional arousal interferes with communication effectiveness.
emotional noise
A(n) ____________ also known as an embellishment, is used when you make a smaller claim bigger than what is true.
exaggeration
A(n) ________ is made when the offender admits the act was bad, but includes that it was caused or influenced by an external source.
excuse
barrier to effective listening that can prevent you from listening attentively, which is the literal noise of sounds in the environment. outside
external noise
a direct statement that the relationship is over
fait accompli
In the ________________ phase (hyphenated), one or both partners create the "tombstone" of the relationship
grave-dressing
physiological function of receiving sound
hearing
relational dialectics theory
suggests that as partners increase their intimacy it becomes more important to be aware of and manage the naturally occurring tensions in the relationship
___________ rewards and costs are those that occur in a relationship at the present moment in time.
immediate
The bilateral-________ breakup strategy includes fading away, or allowing the relationship to slowly de-escalate. This often occurs through incrementalism
indirect
barrier to effective listening that can occur when you are faced with an onslaught of information that is too intense in quality or quantity, and therefore you either miss important pieces or block out the message entirely.
information overload
In the _______________ phase (hyphenated), one partner reaches a threshold of dissatisfaction
intra-psychic
A(n) ______________ response is indirect, such as ignoring the message, laughing, or being silent.
invulnerable
A(n) _____________ is one of three ways in which people express an account that occurs when there is no denial of having committed the transgression on the part of the offender, and he or she attempts to explain why the behavior is good, sensible, or permissible. Apologies and excuses seem to be the most acceptable types of accounts.
justification
a complex process of selecting, attending to, creating meaning from or understanding, remembering, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages.
listening
Research indicates that once we have determined that a relationship falls below our expectations, we tend to move fairly quickly toward _____________.
termination
a conflict myth that all conflict occurs because of real differences between people. "conflict arises from __________________"
misunderstanding
strategy of moving away from either side of the spectrum and trying to find a middle ground. Two friends may decide to live together but not to take classes together in order to moderate the autonomy-connection tension.
moderation
_________ ________________ is an aggressive conflict management style characterized by verbal or nonverbal behaviors intended to subtly "punish" the other, to make him or her feel bad, guilty, or confused
passive aggressiveness
________-oriented listeners tend to focus around listing to the feelings, emotions, and perspectives of others.
people
__________ abuse is by hitting, kicking, burning, or other _ force.
physical
seventh stage of conflict or aftermath, each person assesses how the conflict has affected the overall dynamic, and tries to get the relationship back on track.
post-conflict
________ conflict is triggered by miscommunication or misunderstanding
pseudo
disorientation
reaction, whereby one or both members of the dyad are overwhelmed by the challenge of managing the tension, occurs when one or both people realize that the seamless interactions of the honeymoon phase are over and the relationship may actually require work in order to remain satisfying.
A method for dealing with dialectical tensions which requires a change in perspective and which allows dyads to acknowledge the tension as a natural part of a relationship and simply allow for it without feeling like it threatens their bond. Each person must reassure the other that the relationship is intact despite this difference in needs.
reaffirmation
Hurtful communication is one in which the __________ has interpreted the intention of the sender's message to invoke hurt feelings.
receiver
A method for dealing with dialectical tensions which requires a change in perspective and which involves viewing the tension in a different way: not as a struggle but as differences that balance out the personalities of each individual in the dyad. A "clingy" partner may learn the beauty of alone time from his independent partner; whereas his partner learns that time together can include silence or simply sharing space instead of always "doing" something together.
reframing
A(n) __________ is a message that one person's expectations have been violated.
reproach
a conflict myth that says "Conflict Can always be __________"
resolved
continual thinking about an unpleasant event after it has occurred
rumination
A couple agrees to be completely open regarding their opinions about other people, except when it comes to family members: both people agree that they are not allowed to share personal opinions, especially criticism of the other person's family. This strategy requires that a dyad compartmentalize the dialectics, sticking to one end of the spectrum in some situations and moving to the opposite end in other situations.
segmentation
if a couple feels like they struggle between transparency and privacy, they may make an agreement to always reveal everything to each other. Which strategy for managing dialectical tension is used?
selection
________ abuse occurs when one partner forces the other to take part in an instance of this type of act when the partner does not consent.
sexual
________ conflict stems from differences in ideas, definitions, perceptions, or goals.
simple
In the ________ phase, members of the dyad begin to inform the members of their social circle that things are not going well.
social
fourth stage of conflict in which both parties are stuck in their perspectives and attitudes.
stalemate
Breakup strategy in which problems are discussed, but the decision is still made to breakup.
state of the relationship talk
______-oriented listeners prefer communication to be efficient
time
barrier to effective listening that often include sexist, racist, or derogatory slurs, but can also be as personal as someone's name (plural)
trigger words
a conflict myth in which because conflict often makes people in a relationship feel uncomfortable, we tend to associate conflict with unhappiness. Therefore, the myth goes that "conflict is a sign of a __________ relationship"
troubled
relational transgressions
violations of implicit or explicit rules between people in relationships
_______________ is an assertive conflict management style in which one uses a creative and thoughtful approach to achieve the most positive solution for both people involved.
collaboration
second stage of conflict or frustration awareness, where at least one person becomes aware that the differences in the relationship are causing increased internal turmoil and dissatisfaction.
conflict emergence
third stage of conflict in which one or both people make their frustrations explicit to the other, either verbally or nonverbally
conflict escalation
the learned and consistent pattern or approach we use to manage disagreements with others.
conflict style
____________ rewards and costs are those that are based on projection or prediction.
forecasted
deception by __________ or concealment involves intentionally holding back some of the information another person has requested or that you are expected to share
omission