Communication Chapter 4

What is the most important principle in the process of interpreting communication

To be person centered, which means trying to take the other person's perspective.

How do we compensate for our tendencies to attend selectively

We are more likely to notice stimuli that are intense, loud, or unusual

What questions should you ask when you read blogs or tweets

What qualifies this person to have an informed stance on this issue? Does this person have any vested interest or any ties to others who have stakes in the issue? What is this person's track record of accuracy?

What is the purpose of listening to discriminate

When we listen to make fine discriminations in sounds to draw valid conclusions and act appropriately in response. Examples are using a stethoscope to listen for heart sounds or check for lung congestion, parents listening to discriminate a baby's cries for attention, food or a diaper change

What is ambushing

listening carefully for the purpose of attacking a speaker

How does mindfulness enhance communication

1-Attending mindfully to others increases our understanding of how they feel and think about what they are saying 2-When we listen mindfully, other tend to express themselves in greater depth

How much of a message do we recall 8 hours after we hear it

35%

How much time does a person spend listening to others

45-75% of waking time

Where does message overload often occur

Academic settings

Is listening an active or passive process?

Active

What are minimal encouragers

Communication that, by expressing interest in hearing more, gently invites another person to elaborate.

What is monopolizing and the 2 primary forms

Continually focusing communication on oneself instead of on the person who is talking Conservational rerouting, in which a person shifts the topic of talk to himself or herself Diversionary interrupting, which is interrupting in ways that disrupt the person speaking

What is the first step in listening

Deciding to be mindful

What are the obstacles to good listening

External obstacles Those obstacles inside us

What is selective listening

Focusing on only selected parts of communication. We listen selectively when we screen out parts of a message that don't interest us or with which we disagree and also when we rivet attention on parts of communication that do interest us or with which we agree.

What is misophonia?

Hatred of sound, named in 2002, is a condition in which particular sounds enrage or disgust a person. The most common sounds that trigger these responses are chewing, swallowing, lip smacking, breathing, typing and pen clicking. Research suggests that misophonia is caused by hyperconnectivity between the auditory system and the part of the brain that controls emotion

What are some of the specific purposes of listening

Informational listening Critical listening Relational listening

How much of a message do we remember immediately after we hear it.

Less than half of a message

What are 2 major listening purposes

Listening for information to evaluate critically Listening to support others

What is literal listening

Listening only to the content level of meaning and ignoring the relational level of meaning. Literal listeners get the information in a message, but they miss the feelings and relationship dimension.

What is the goal of informational listening

Listening to gain and understand information; tends to focus on the content level of meaning.

What is relational listening

Listening to support another person or to understand another person's feelings and perceptions; focuses on the relational level of meaning as much as on the content level of meaning

Does hearing require energy

No, hearing is passive, we don't have to invest any energy to hear

What are the factors that determine what we select to attend to

Our physiology, interests, cognitive structures and expectations

What is defensive listening

Perceiving personal attacks, criticisms, or hostility in communication when no offense is intended

What are the 4 psychological obstacles that hinder listening

Preoccupation Prejudgements Lack of Effort Failure to Adjust to Diverse Communication Styles

What is pseudolistening?

Pretending to listen

What are the 6 types of nonlistening

Pseudolistening Monopolizing Selective Listening Defensive listening Ambushing Literal Listening

What is hearing

The physiological activity that occurs when sound waves hit our eardrums. Unlike listening, hearing is a passive process.

What are the steps in the listening process

Mindfulness Physical reception Interpretation Response Remembering

What is the goal of critical listening

Attending to communication to analyze and evaluate the content of communication or the person speaking We listen to form opinions and to evaluate people and ideas.

What are indicators of engagement

Attentive posture, head nods, eye contact, vocal responses

What is mindfulness

Being fully present in the moment; the first step of listening and the foundation of all other steps

What is required when we listen

Being mindlful Physically receiving messages Selecting and organizing information Interpreting communication Responding Remembering

What effects our ability to receive messages

Being tired or ill, background noises, people talking nearby or cell phone notifications

What are external obstacles

Message overload Message complexity Environmental Distractions