Community Nutrition FINAL EXAM
What are the 4 components of an objective?
- action or activity to be undertaken - target population - evaluation method - time frame
What are the three main steps of the development of proposals?
1. laying the foundation 2. building the grant 3. assembling the final product 4. reviewing the grant is funded or revising it in hopes of future success
What are the five components of food security?
1. quantity 2. quality 3. suitability 4. psychological 5. social
obese women
11-20 pounds
overweight women
15-25 pounds
most pregnant or lactating women need a total of how many calories per day?
2200-2900 calories/day
underweight women
28-40 pounds
adolescents
30-35 pounds
When do we start aging?
35 years old
CDC growth charts for children 2 to 20 years old BMI for age underweight
< 5th percentile
CDC growth charts for children 2 to 20 years old BMI for age healthy weight
>5th percentile and <85th percentile
CDC growth charts for children 2 to 20 years old BMI for age overweight
>85th percentile and <95th percentile
CDC growth charts for children 2 to 20 years old BMI for age obese
>95th percentile
food recovery
Activities such as salvaging perishable produce from grocery stores; rescuing surplus prepared food from restaurants and caterers; and collecting nonperishable food from manufacturers, supermarkets, or people's homes. The items recovered are donated to hungry people.
ASKED
Campinha-Bacote cultural competence model Awareness cultural Skill cultural Knowledge cultural Encounters cultural Desires
DETERMINE
D - disease E - eating properly T - tooth loss E - economic hardship R - reduce social content M - multiple medication I - Involuntary weight loss N - needs assistance in self care E - Elderly
a comprehensive child health development program under the DHHS that includes education, health services, and social services for low-income children ages birth to five and their parents is best defined as the ________. a. team nutrition program b. national youth sports program c. Get Fit Nutrition program d. Head Start Program
D. Head Start Program
What are the government and nonprofit organizations at the national, state, and local levels that are implementing initiatives that aim to reduce overweight and increase physical activity among youth?
Eat Smart. Play Hard. CATCH, Farm-to-school programs Fruits and Veggies - More Matters, Best Bones Forever Fuel Up to Play 60 Kids Cafe Program Dairy Council Champions for Change/Harvest of the Month
The policy implementation phase is the most creative phase of the policy making process. T/F
False
LEARN
L- listen with sympathy and understanding to a client's perception of a problem E- explain your perceptions of the problem A- Acknowledge and discuss differences and similarities R - Recommend treatment that is relevant, concise, and practical N - Negotiate agreement
A common format used to structure lesson plans
Lesson Title Target Audience Duration Lesson Goals Learning Objectives Procedure Learning experiences or activities Methods of Evaluation Materials Needed
How many levels of interventions are there?
Level I: build awareness of a health or nutritional topic or problem Level II: help participants make lifestyle changes Level III: work toward creating environments that support the behavior changes made by individuals
What are the two types of structures of management to implement a program?
Personnel Data system both direct and indirect costs must be determined to identify the true cost of a program
Worksite health promotion efforts can be classified under four main areas:
Policies - smoking and alcohol and other drugs Screenings - health risk/health status, cancer, HBP, glucose, and cholesterol Information or activities - Individual counseling, group classes, workshops, lectures, special events, and resource materials such as posters, brochures, pamphlets, videos, podcasts, pedometers, and interactive online tools. Topics typically covered include cancer, high blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, physical activity and fitness, nutri- tion, weight management, and stress reduction. Facilities or services - Nutrition, physical fitness, alcohol and other drugs, and stress reduction.
PPFP
Prepared and perishable food programs -nonprofit programs that link sources of unused, cooked and fresh foods with social service agencies that serve the hungry
PPPPs
Product, Place, Price, Promotion
SUN
Scaling up nutrition - movement seeks to scale up evidence-based interventions to prevent and treat undernutrition, especially during the critical 1,000 day period
Steps to developing a nutrition education plan
Step 1: Build awareness Step 2: change lifestyle Step 3: Create a supportive environment
Three levels of intervention for Client-Centered Nutrition Education Approach
Step 1: Enhancing Motivation: "why change" Step 2: Providing Information and Skills to Act: "How to Change" Step 3: Creating a Support System
What are the steps to program planning?
Step 1: Review the organization's mission statement and the results of the community needs assessment Step 2: Define the goals and objectives Step 3: Develop a program plan that describes the intervention, the appropriate nutrition education component for the target population, and how the program will be marketed Step 4: Develop a management system Step 5: Identifying Funding sources Step 6: Implement the Program Step 7: Evaluate the program elements and effectiveness
SWOT
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. situational analysis technique often used in market research
community food security
The development and enhancement of sustainable, community-based strategies to ensure that all persons in a community have access to culturally acceptable, nutritionally adequate food through local nonemergency sources at all times
Four micronutrient global deficiencies
Vitamin A - the world's most common cause of preventable child blindness and vision impairment Iron-deficiency anemia - decreased cognitive abilities and resistance to disease, impairs mental development, death Iodine deficiency - causes high levels of goiter and mental retardation Zinc deficiency - growth failure and weakened immunity
What are some of the nutrients that should be increased with the elderly population?
Vitamin b12, vitamin d, calcium, and protein
low birthweight
a birthweight of 5 points (2,500 grams) or less, used as a predictor of poor health in the newborn and as a probable indicator of poor nutrition status of the mother during and or before pregnancy
Mission statement
a broad statement or declaration of an organization's purpose or reason for being
Attitude
a collection of beliefs that includes an evaluative aspect
Genetic engineering
a form of biotechnology on which a plant's genes are altered in an effort to create a new plant with different traits; in some cases, a plant's genes may be deleted or altered, or a genes may be introduced from a different organism or species.
Entitlement program
a government program that provides cash, commodities, or services to all qualifying low-income individuals or households
World Bank
a group of international financial institutions owned by the governments of more than 150 nations
Social Marketing
a method for changing consumer behavior; the design, implementation, and management of programs that seek to increase the acceptability of social idea or practice among a target group
brand image
a mirror reflection of the brand personality or product being marketed; it is what people believe about a brand; their thoughts, feelings, and expectations
food bank
a nonprofit community organization that collects surplus commodities from he government and edible but often unmarketable foods from private industry for use by nonprofit charities, institutions, and feeding programs at nominal costs
Interpreter
a person who works in converting spoken words into another language
Translator
a person who works in converting written words into another language
Multicultural
a property of groups herein several cultures are represented
soup kitchens
a small feeding operation attached to an existing organization such as a church, civic group, or nonprofit agency, that serves prepared meals that are consumed on site
healthy Eating Index
a summary measure of quality of one's diet. The HEI provides and overall picture of how well one's diet confirms to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
When using the CDC growth charts, the body mass index between ________ is considered at risk for overweight a. 85-95th percentile b. 25-30 kg/m2 c. 30-40 kg/m2 d. 95-100th percentile
a. 85-95th percentile
Which of the following individuals would receive priority care within the WIC program? a. Emily, a pregnant woman with iron-deficiency anemia b. Joey, a four year old boy who is at the 50th percentile for weight c. Selena, a mom of four children aged 1,3,4, and 6 d. maryAnn, a breastfeeding mom
a. Emily, a pregnant woman with iron-deficiency anemia
What are the basic principles guiding adult education?
a. adult roles, responsibilities, and previous experiences influence learning b. adult learning is constantly occurring c. the role of the adult educator is to facilitate this continuous learning process
which of the folllwing "levels of intervention" would tax incentives for companies with health promotion programs fall under? a. create a supportive environment b. build awareness c. change lifestyles d. incorporate healthful habits
a. create a supportive environment
a leading cause for malnutrition in children under 5 is _______ a. diarrheal disease b. influenza c. tuberculosis d. whooping cough
a. diarrheal disease
a government program that provides case, commodities, or services to all qualifying low-income individuals or households. a. entitlement program b. non-entitlement program c. food retrieval program d. food security program
a. entitlement program
Which of the following statements regarding an evaluation is false? a. evaluation is necessary only at one point in time during the program b. evaluation is fundamental to every step of community assessment and program planning c. the purpose and scope of an evaluation can vary from program to program d. evaluation findings can alert policy makers to the need for expanding services
a. evaluation is necessary only at one point in time during the program
Which of the following terms defines "inadequate weight gain of infants?" a. failure to thrive b. low birthweight c. infant mortality rate d. very low birthweight
a. failure to thrive
The new nutrition standards for meals served through the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs align with the Dietary Guidelines of Americans. Schools must: a. increase vegetables and reduced fat milk and decrease sodium b. increase fruits and monounsaturated fats and decrease sodium c. increase fat free milk and legumes and decrease saturated fat d. increase whole grains and vegetables and decrease saturated fat
a. increase vegetables and reduced fat milk decrease sodium
which fo the following is NOT a cause for food insecurity in the US? a. individuals working above minimum wage b. utility costs c. SNAP benefit cuts d. weakening of the economy
a. individuals working above minimum wage
which term best matches the description: "severe emaciation from energy deficiency with chronic wasting of fat, muscle, and other tissues; starvation?" a. marasmus b. kwashiorkor c. severe acute malnutrition (SAM) d. protein-energy maltrution (PEM)
a. marasmus
What are the 8 areas of millennium development goals
a. poverty and hunger b. primary education c. women's equality d. child mortality e. maternal health f. disease g. environment h. a global partnership for development
The anthropometric measurements you take on two month old infant lead you to diagnose FTT. You are sure of the diagnosis because a. the infant's weight for length is recorded below the 5th percentile b. the infant's head circumference ranks below other infants of the same age c. the infant's length was measured in the recumbent position d. the infant's weight for length is below the 10th percentile
a. the infant's weight for length is recorded below the 5th percentile
Which of the following is NOT a reason for a policy being terminated? a. the president vetoing the policy b. loss of support c. the public need was met d. not achieving its goals
a. the president vetoing the policy
Which of the following statements correctly identifies a formative evaluation? a. the process of testing and assessing certain elements of a program before it is implemented fully. b. involves examining how a program is implemented c. the process of determining a program's benefits relative to its cost d. the process of measuring a program's effectiveness in changing one or more aspects of nutrition or health status
a. the process of testing and assessing certain elements of program before it is implemented fully
Food security
access by all people at all times to sufficient food for an active and healthy life
promotion
advertising personal promotion publicity branding
Organizing
allocating and arranging resources
Individualization
allows clients to have personal questions answered or instructions paced according to individual learning progress
public relations
an organized effort to promote a favorable image of a person or product thought new coverage or goodwill
Project management
another type of planning which coordinates a set of limited-scope activities for a single program or intervention
Value
any belief or quality that is important, desirable, or prized
Advertising
any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor
Disability
any restriction on or impairment in performing an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being
Nutrition Education
any set of learning experiences designed to facilitate the voluntary adoption of eating and other nutrition-related behaviors conducive to health and well-being
summer food service program
approved sponsors receive reimbursement for serving meals that meet federal nutritional guidelines; payments are received through state agencies, based on the number of meals served and documented costs of running the program
stereotypes
assumption that information about a cultural group applies to all individuals who appear to represent that group
Afterschool snack program
available through NSLP. schools receive cash subsidies for each snack served
an infant mortality rate of 7 per 1,000 means that: a. 7 infants out of 1,000 live births die before 28 days of age b. 7 infants out of 1,000 live births die before one year of age c. 7 infants out of 1,000 total population die before one year of age d. 7 infants put o two years of age die out of the total population
b. 7 infants out of 1,000 live births die before one year of age
Which of the following statements is true regarding the nutrient needs of older Americans? a. calorie needs tend to increase b. consumption of nutrient-dense foods is critical c. there is often increased stomach acidity d. the need for vitamin b12 may decrease
b. consumption of nutrient-dense foods is critical
After reviewing the HEI nationwide survey results, which food groups/nutrients meet the closest to the standards? a. dark green vegetables and beans b. dairy and proteign c. magnesium and potassium d. vitamins a and c
b. dairy and protein
Which of the following is not a component of an objective? a. the time frame in which the objective will be met b. desired changes or outcomes c. the target population d. an indication of how success will be measured or evaluated
b. desired changes or outcomes
oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is used in the treatment of a. protein-calorie malnutrition b. diarrhea and or dehydration c. goiter d. whooping cough
b. diarrhea and or dehydration
What items can be purchased with benefits form the Supplemental Nutrition Assistances Program? a. ready to eat hot foods b. garden seeds c. vitamins d. cleaning supplies
b. garden seeds
Pregnant adolescents are nutritionally at risk and require intervention early and throughout the pregnancy. All of the following are stereotypical risks for this population, except which one? a. iron-deficiency anemia b. gestational diabetes c. pregnancy-related hypertension d. premature birth
b. gestational diabetes
A _______ is a broad statement of desired changes or outcomes a. mission statement b. goal c. objective d. intervention statement
b. goal
which of the components for SMART objective is missing from this objective? "By August 2020, increase the amount of fruit consumed by preschoolers." a. specific b. measurable c. time frame d. none of the components are missing
b. measurable
which of the following sis not a specific type of evaluation tool a. fiscal evaluation b. program evaluation formative evaluation d. impact evaluation
b. program evaluation (process)
a non-entitlement program such as WIC is one which a. provides assistance based on unlimited funds b. provides assistance in the form of a federal grant c. provides assistance to all who qualify d. is like most of the other food assistance programs
b. provides assistance in the form of a federal grant
By law, each state is required to operate the Title V maternal and Child Health (MCH) program. This program provides federal support to the states in all fo the following areas, except? a. maternity and infant care b. vision care for children c. reducing infant mortality d. treat children who are at risk for physical or developmental disabilities
b. vision care for children
children showing growth failure are likely to be lacking in a. vitamin a b. zinc c. iron d. iodine
b. zinc
Strategic planning
broad in scope and addresses the organization's overall goals long term planning formulates objectives, assessing past, current, and future conditions, and events, evaluating the organization's strengths and weaknesses, and making decisions about the appropriate course of action
Goals
broad statements of desired changes or outcomes.
For women that is considered overweight before pregnancy, it is recommended that she gain which of following weight ranges? a. 28-40 b. 11-20 c. 15-25 d. 25-35
c. 15-25
SMART objectives are all fo the following except? a. specific b. relevant c. accurate d. achievable
c. accurate
The harvesting of excess food from farms, orchards, and packing houses to feed the hungry a. food recovery b. farm to table c. gleaning d. food bank
c. gleaning
Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of infant mortality in the US? a. SIDS b. preterm delivery c. lack of access to health care d. low birth weight
c. lack of access to health care
All of the following are specific risk factors of poor nutrition status in older adults, except a. poverty b. chronic medication use c. lack of insurance d. social isolation e. inappropriate food intake
c. lack of insurance
The state of having too little money to meet minimum needs for food, clothing, and shelter. a. food insecurity b. food security c. poverty d. food retrieval
c. poverty
The first step in the program planning process is to a. identify funding sources b. define the management system c. review the results of the community needs assessment d. define program goals and objectives
c. review the results fo the community needs assessment
which type of objective have you written with this statement? "AT the end of each month for the next 18 months, each community nutritionist will submit an itemized statement of expenses related to all nutrition education programming." a. essential b. outcome c. structure d. process
c. structure
which term matches the following definition: "any belief or quality that is important, desirable, or prized and provide meaning, structure, and organization in our lives." a. attitude b. tradition c. value d. culture
c. value
child and adult care food program
cash reimbursement for meals served that meet federal nutritional guidelines and reimbursement of associated administrative costs. HEAD START nonprofit childcare centers
place
channels coverage locations inventory transport
Consonance
communication is directed toward accomplishing the intended outcome
CAM
complementary and alternative medicine is used together with conventional treatments
reinforcement
components of the program designed to reward the desired behavior
Head Start
comprehensive focused child development programs serve children from birth to age five, pregnant women, and their families. health, education, nutrition, and social services are provided and are responsive and appropriate to each child's and family's heritage and experience
Older Americans Nutrition Program
congregate and home-delivered meals and other nutrition services. Nutrition screening, assessment, education, and counseling to identify older adults general an special nutritional needs; provided in a variety of settings, such as senior centers, schools, and individual homes
ethnocentric
consider the beliefs, values, customs, and viewpoints of their own group superior to those of every other group
diversity
consists fo differences among groups of people
The federal budget runs from a. march 1 to February 28 the following year b. April 1 to march 31 the following year c. september 1 to august 31 the following year d. October 1 to September 30 the following year
d. October 1 to September 30 the following year
Which terms belongs to the following definition? "Limited or uncertain ability to acquire or consume and adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways." a. food security b. poverty c. food pantry d. food insecurity
d. food insecurity
national surveys show that children are failing to meet recommendations for which of the following food groups? a. fruits, meats/beans, and milk b. vegetables, oils, and whole grains c. vegetables, whole grains, and milk d. fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
d. fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Which of the following types of evaluations evaluates the process of determining if the program's methods and activities resulted in the desired immediate changes in the client. a. outcome evaluation b. structure evaluation c. process evaluation d. impact evaluation
d. impact evaluation
which of the following programs is a "peer counseling program to increase breastfeeding rates in low-income, urban populations?" a. baby-friendly hospital b. title V c. breastfeeding promotion consortium d. la leche league
d. la leche league
All of the following factors will trigger program planning except? a. results fo the community needs assessment/research findings b. government policy c. availability of funding for new programs d. mandate from a partnership
d. mandate from a partnership
Which of the components for a SMART objective is missing from this objective? "decrease the mean saturated fat intake of women by 3% within one year" a. relevant b. measurable c. specific d. none of the components are missing
d. none are missing
Which step in policy making comes after "formulation of alternatives?" a. policy implementation b. policy evaluation c. agenda setting d. policy adoption
d. policy adoption
Which of the following terms defines "a birthweight of less than 1,500 gram?" a. infant mortality rate b. failure to thrive c. low birthweight d. very low birthweight
d. very low birthweight
Information
data that has been analyzed and processed into a form that is meaningful for decision makers Info must be relevant, accurate, timely, complete, and concise
very low birthweight
defined as less than 1,500 grams or 3 pounds, 4 ounces
cross-cultural
denotes interaction between or Amon individuals who represent distinctly different cultures
Nutrition informatics
effective retrieval, organization, storage, and optimum use of information, data, and knowledge for problem solving and decision making
Child nutrition related programs
federal programs address the special nutrition needs of children
Children of all ages, races, and ethnic groups are shown to be at risk of inadequate intakes of......
folate, calcium, magnesium, and Vitamins A,C,D, and E; iron is under consumed by female adolescents
What do the nationwide surveys show that children are failing to meet the recommended nutrition guidelines by not consuming enough.....
fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and by eating too many foods high in saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium
women pregnant with twins
gain 35-45 pounds
women pregnant with triplets
gain 44-55 pounds
women who begin pregnancy at a healthful weight
gain between 25-35 pounds
The foundation work for grant writing includes:
generating ideas, describing goals, and identifying funding sources and potential collaborators
Organization Chart
gives employees information about the major functions of the departments, relationships among departments, channels of supervision, lines of authority, and certain position titles within units
GOBI
growth charts, oral rehydration therapy, breast milk, and immunization
health marketing
health promotion programs that are developed to satisfy consumer needs, are strategically planned to reach as a broad an audience as in need fo the program.
feedback
helps clients learn by providing a measuring stick to determine how much progress they are making
failure to thrive
inadequate weight gain of infants
Affirmative Action
includes all activities designed to ensure and increase equal employment opportunities for groups protected by federal laws and regulations
immigrants
individuals who move to a new country seeking permanent residence
Infant mortality rate
infant deaths under one year of age, expressed as the number of such deaths per 1,000 live births
Leading
influencing others to work toward goals
food distribution programs
intended to strengthen the nutrition safety net through commodity distribution and other nutrition assistance to low-income households, emergency feeding programs, indica reservations and older adults
Relevance
intervention is geared to clients, including reading level and visual acuity
what are the most significant nutrition related problems of infants?
iron deficiency and food allergies
food insecurity
limited or uncertain ability to acquire or consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways
price
list price discounts credit terms
departmentalization
manner in which employees are clustered into units, units into departments, and departments into divisions or other larger categories.
Process Objective
measurable activities carried out while implementing the program
Structure Objective
measurable activities surrounding the budget, staffing patterns, coordination of program activities
Outcome Objective
measurable changes in health or nutritional outcome
evaluation
measurable determination of the value or degree of success in achieving specific objectives
process evaluation
measure of a program activities our efforts of how a program is implemented
Facilitation
measures taken to accomplish desired actions or eliminate obstacle
outcome evaluation
measuring a program's effectiveness in changing one or more aspects of nutrition or health
Sustainable development
meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)
most widespread malnutrition problem; characterized by a depletion of both energy stores and tissue proteins; usually accompanied by micronutrient deficiencies
What are the main goals of the older Americans nutrition program?
nutrition status, reduce hunger and malnutrition, food insecurity, provide low cost meals, social interaction, and one hot meal a day
target market
one particular market segment pinpointed as a primary customer group
Market niche
particular area of service or the particular product suited to the specific clients to be reached. The underlying philosophy is that you cannot be all things to all people, so you must find the spot that fits your objectives and goals and enables you to meet a particular unmet need.
la leche league
peer counseling program to increase breastfeeding rates in low income, urban populations
Market
potential customers for a product or service; a group of unique customers who share some characteristics
Marketing
process by which individuals and groups get what they need and want by creating and exchanging products and values with others
management
process of achieving organizational goals through engaging int he four major functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
acculturation
process of adopting beliefs, values, and behaviors of another culture
fiscal or efficiency evaluation
process of determining a program's benefits relative to cost
structure evaluation
process of determining adequacy of internal processes and resources needed to deliver a program
impact evaluation
process of determining whether the program's methods and activities resulted in immediate changes
Budgeting
process of stating in quantitative terms, usually dollars, the planned organizational activities for a given period of time
formative evaluation
process of testing and assessing certain elements before it is implemented
ethnicity
property of a group that consists of its sharing cultural traditions, having a common linguistic heritage, and originating from the same land
Title V Maternal and child health program
provides federal support to the states for - services and program to reduce infant mortality and improve child and maternal health - services, programs, and facilities to locate, diagnose, and treat children who have special health care needs or who are at risk of physical or developmental disabilities
Fresh fruit and vegetable program
provides fresh and dried fruits and fresh vegetables free to children nationwide in selected schools in 50 states
Summative Evaluation
provides information about the effectiveness of a program. Designed to obtain data about the participants' reactions to all aspects of the program, including the topics covered, the instructors or presenters, any instructional materials, program activities, physical arrangements for the program, registration procedures, and advertising and promotion
WIC
provides nutritious foods to supplement diets, nutrition education and counseling, and screening/referrals to other health, welfare, and social services pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women, infants up to one year of age and children up to five years of age are eligible if they re individually determined by a qualified health professional to be in need of the special supplemental food provided by the program because they are nutritionally at risk
Product
quality features style packaging services
race
refers to a category of population based on physical characteristics and shared ancestry
Span of Control
refers to the number of subordinates who report directly to a specific manager
Controlling
regulating activities to reach goals
Nutrition Security
requires that all people have access to a variety of nutritious foods and potable drinking water; knowledge, resources, and skills for healthy living; prevention, treatment, and care for diseases affecting nutrition status; and safety net systems during crisis situations such as natural disasters or deleterious social and political systems
Summative evaluation
research conducted at the end of a program that helps determine whether the program was effective and how it might be improved
School breakfast program
schools and institutions receive cash subsidies for each meal served breakfast
national school lunch program
schools receive cash subsidies and USDA commodities for each meal served
special milk program
schools receive reimbursement for milk served to children eligible for free milk and cash subsidies for each half-pint of milk sold
Team nutrition
schools receive technical training and assistance to help school foodservice staff prepare healthful meals and provide nutrition education to help children understand the link between eating/physical activity and health
social marketing
seeks to increase the acceptability of a idea, a practice, a product, or all three among a certain group of people (target population). a strategy for chaining consumer behavior; its premise is the individuals do new things or give up old things in exchange for benefits they hope to receive
Implementation
set of activities directed toward putting a program into effect
Planning
setting goals and deciding how best to achieve them
SAM
severe acute malnutrition - characterized by very low weight-for-height by visible severe wasting, and or by the presence of nutritional edema associated with recent severe food deprivation
culture
shared history, consisting of "the integrated pattern of thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions associated, wholly or partially, with racial ethnic, or linguistic groups, as well as with religious, spiritual biological, geographical, or sociological characteristics
Sales promotion
short term incentives to encourage purchases or sales of a product or service
Operational Planning
short term planning that focuses on the activities and actions required to meet the organization's goals deals with specific actions, expenditures, and controls and with the timing fo these actives in a formal, structured process
Healthy People 2020
significant effort are needed to achieve the Healthy people 2020 objectives that promote healthful weights and food choices in children and adolescents. suggested actions include advocating for public health policies that address not only individual behaviors but also the environmental conditions in which people live; and implementing strategies to make healthy food choices available, identifiable, and affordable to people of all races and income levels and in all types of geographic locations
Objectives
specific, measurable actions to be completed within a specific time frame.
What is a SMART objective?
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and set within a time frame
poverty
state of having too little money to meet minimum needs for food, clothing, and shelter
SNAP
supplemental nutrition assistance program- an entitlement program with he goal of improving the diets of low-income households by increasing access to food and food-purchasing ability eligibility is based on income, household size, assets, housing costs, working requirements, and other factors
Polypharmacy
taking of three or more medications regularly; occurs in 1/3 of those over 65 years of age
Health literacy
the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information, tools, and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
Green revolution
the development and widespread adoption of high-yielding stain of wheat and rice in developing countries. Used to describe almost any package of modern agricultural technology delivered to developing countries
gleaning
the harvesting of excess food from farms, orchards, and packing houses to feed the hungry
participation
the number of people who take part in a health promotion activity
Formative evaluation
the process of testing and assess certain elements of a program before it is implemented fully
Adult education
the process whereby adults learn and achieve changes in knowledge, attitudes, values, or skills
Market segmentation
the separation of large groups of potential clients into smaller, distinct groups with similar characteristics or needs. Advantages include simpler, more accurate analysis of each groups's needs and more customized delivery of services
Appropriate technology
the technology that utilizes locally abundant resources in preference to locally scarce resources
Biotechnology
the use of biological systems or living organisms to make or modify products. Foods: wine, beet, yogurt, and cheese
T/F. The logic model provides a framework (or road map) for grant proposal writers for planning, implementing, managing, and evaluating community nutrition programs.
true
types of milk for the special milk program
unflavored or flavored fat free or 2% milk that meet state and local standards
food pantry
usually attached to existing nonprofit agencies, a food pantry distributes bags or boxes of groceries to people experiencing food emergencies
Health disparities
when a segment of a population bears a disproportionate incidence of a health condition or illness.
maternal mortality rate
women's deaths assigned to causes related to pregnancy, expressed as the number of such deaths per 100,000 live births