Corey, Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy MindTap (10th Edition) Chapter 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11

A counselor trainee makes the comment in class, "I would never work with a counselor who has been a client in counseling! If they can't handle their own problems, how could they possibly be effective in helping others?" What would be an appropriate response on the part of the instructor? a. "Well, I have been in counseling. Are you suggesting that I am ineffective?" b. "Our own work as a client can teach us valuable lessons about how to creatively facilitate deeper levels of self-exploration in clients. And it tends to increase our appreciation for the courage our clients display in their therapeutic journey." c. "You're right! Counselors who need counseling are probably unstable and should not interact with clients." d. "I can't believe we admitted you into this training program. You should be ashamed of yourself for saying that."

"Our own work as a client can teach us valuable lessons about how to creatively facilitate deeper levels of self-exploration in clients. And it tends to increase our appreciation for the courage our clients display in their therapeutic journey."

According to Erickson's developmental model, which of the following is equivalent to a turning point in life when we have the potential to move forward or to regress? a. An instinct b. A sense of autonomy c. A crisis d. A source of conflict

A crisis

Which of the following is most crucial for a therapist to build an effective therapeutic relationship with a client? a. The ability to diagnose accurately b. Knowledge of theory c. A set of personal traits such as honesty, integrity, and courage d. The skill in using techniques

A set of personal traits such as honesty, integrity, and courage

Adlerians strive to establish which of the following to produce successful outcomes in their therapy? a. A medical model b. An egalitarian alliance between the client and the therapist c. A comprehensive developmental program d. A conceptual framework

An egalitarian alliance between the client and the therapist

What is the most significant contribution of Adlerian theory apart from brief therapy? a. It is universally followed as it is a standardized theory based on many concepts of traditional psychotherapy. b. Being drawn from many methods, it can be applied to a diverse range of clients in a variety of settings. c. As many of its concepts are specific and structured, it is easy to conduct research on them and implement new practices. d. Being a well-defined and systematic theory, it is easy to put into practice.

Being drawn from many methods, it can be applied to a diverse range of clients in a variety of settings.

What happens in the reorientation and reeducation phase of the therapeutic process? a. Clients come to know how their lifestyle is inconsistent with their goals and rely on their counselor to bring changes in their lifestyle. b. Clients understand the limitations of the lifestyle chosen and how they make changes in the approach to life. c. Clients determine their own lifestyle and goals without relying on the insights gained. d. Clients can choose to adopt a new style of life based on the insights gained

Clients can choose to adopt a new style of life based on the insights gained

According to Adler, friendship, contribution, and cooperation are the characteristics associated with which of the following? a. The life tasks b. Community feeling c. One's occupation d. Individual personality

Community feeling

_____________ factors include the alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal skills of the therapist, client agency, and extra-therapeutic factors. a. Subjective b. Technical c. Contextual d. Phenomenological

Contextual

Which of the following models emphasizes the importance of being aware of unintentional bias and keeping an open mind to the presence of distinctive ethnic and cultural patterns that could influence the diagnostic process? a. Evidence-based practice b. DSM-5 c. Analytical psychotherapy d. Contemporary psychotherapy

DSM-5

Which of the following statements about diagnosis is not true? a. Diagnosis is always a part of the assessment process in counseling. b. Diagnosis consists of identifying a specific mental disorder based on a pattern of symptoms. c. The purpose of diagnosis in counseling and psychotherapy is to identify disruptions in a client's present behavior and lifestyle. d. Diagnosis may include an explanation of the causes of the client's difficulties.

Diagnosis is always a part of the assessment process in counseling.

__________ is an important procedure for uncovering unconscious material and giving the client insight into some areas of unresolved problems. a. Transference b. Countertransference c. Interpretation d. Dream Analysis

Dream Analysis

Which of the following statements about effective counselors is not true? a. Effective therapists make mistakes and are willing to admit them. b. Effective therapists are certain that their knowledge about human nature is correct. c. Effective therapists are committed to living fully rather than settling for mere existence. d. Effective therapists appreciate the influence of culture.

Effective therapists are certain that their knowledge about human nature is correct.

'Freud's developmental model is an elaborate explanation of human nature that combines ideas from history, mythology, anthropology, and religion. a. True b. False

False

According to Adlerians, social interest may not contribute to mental health. a. True b. False

False

Adler taught that establishing intimacy in marriage is a life task to be addressed only by young adults. a. True b. False

False

Adlerians believe childhood experiences in themselves are the decisive factor in shaping personality. a. True b. False

False

Adlerians place relatively little importance on the quality of the client-therapist relationship. a. True b. False

False

As a therapist, it is your function to persuade clients to accept or adopt your value system since it has been perfected through years of training. a. True b. False

False

Clients place more value on the specific techniques used rather than on the personality of the therapist. a. True b. False

False

Counselors need not discuss with their clients at the onset the issues related to privacy and confidentiality regarding the use of technology. a. True b. False

False

Ego psychology is not part of classical psychoAnalysis with the emphasis placed on the vocabulary of id, ego, and superego. a. True b. False

False

Existentialists maintain that our experience of aloneness is a result of our making inappropriate choices. a. True b. False

False

If a client reports that nothing would be different, especially with physical symptoms, Adlerians may not suggest medical intervention. a. True b. False

False

If clients express a desire for you to give them answers, you should do so. a. True b. False

False

In all cases, therapists need to create therapeutic strategies that are congruent with the range of values and behaviors that are characteristic of human development. a. True b. False

False

It is a professional obligation, not an ethical obligation, for counselors to develop sensitivity to their clients' cultural differences. a. True b. False

False

It is impossible for human beings to maintain a sense of objectivity; thus, therapists who attempt to maintain objectivity are fooling themselves. a. True b. False

False

It is unethical for counselors to meet their personal needs through their professional work. a. True b. False

False

Judging the appropriate amount of self-disclosure is a problem only for new counselors. a. True b. False

False

Mandatory ethics is a higher level of ethical practice that addresses doing what is in the best interests of clients. a. True b. False

False

Ruled by the pleasure principle, which is aimed at reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure, the ego is illogical, amoral, and driven to satisfy instinctual needs. a. True b. False

False

The key concepts of the existential approach cannot be integrated into most therapeutic approaches. a. True b. False

False

The phallic stage of early development deals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the denial of one's own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy. a. True b. False

False

The therapist's countertransference reactions are abnormal because all therapists should have resolved all conflicts and personal vulnerabilities that could be activated through their professional work while in school. a. True b. False

False

To its credit, existential therapy is compatible with the trend toward evidence-based practice. a. True b. False

False

When the existential approach is applied to brief therapy, clients may sometimes require leaving the responsibility to others for making decisions and life choices. a. True b. False

False

t is recommended that counselors should resolve all potential ethical problem areas before they begin to practice. a. True b. False

False

Which of the following processes in the client-therapist relationship may refer to saying whatever comes to mind without self-censorship? a. Free association b. Hypnosis c. Transference d. Dream Analysi

Free association

According to which psychoanalytical view, three areas of personal and social development are grounded in the first six years of life? a. Freudian b. Relational c. Jungian d. Erickson's

Freudian

Generally speaking, the concept of privileged communication applies to which of the following? a. Group counseling b. Couples counseling and family therapy c. Individual counseling d. Child and adolescent therapy

Individual counseling

__________, developed by Victor Frankl, is designed to help clients find meaning in life. a. A humanistic model of personality b. An existential approach to meaninglessness c. A holistic model of self d. Logotherapy

Logotherapy

Which of the following ego-defensive mechanisms attributes to self-deception? a. Displacement b. Repression c. Projection

Projection

What is a basic tenet of forming psychodynamic therapy groups? a. Recreating their social situation b. Applying countertransference c. Expressing emotions or feelings with an individual stance d. Sharing personal experiences

Recreating their social situation

Who among the following put value on not knowing and approach clients with genuine curiosity? a. Relational analysts b. Id psychologists c. Self-psychologists d. Jungian analysts

Relational analysts

________ is anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client from producing previously unconscious material. a. Resistance b. Interpretation c. Analysis d. Dream work

Resistance

Which of the following statements about therapeutic goals is true? a. A client who lacks therapeutic goals does not belong in therapy. b. Clients initially tend to have a clear sense of what they expect from therapy. c. The exploration of what a client wants from therapy should rarely be discussed during the first few sessions because it can feel overwhelming to them. d. Setting goals is inextricably related to values.

Setting goals is inextricably related to values

Which of the following are two significant concepts of Adlerian theory? a. Social interest and community feeling b. Human behavior and present versus past life situations c. Striving for significance and superiority d. Childhood experiences and current lifestyle

Social interest and community feeling

What is the primary rationale of conducting a comprehensive assessment of the client as the initial step in the therapeutic process? a. Insurance companies require clinicians to submit the assessment in order to fully reimburse them for services. b. Specific counseling goals cannot be formulated and appropriate treatment strategies cannot be designed until a client's past and present functioning is understood. c. Therapists are protected from being sued for malpractice. d. It offers inexperienced therapists a concrete framework from which to practice but not for seasoned clinicians who can quickly assess the client's problem.

Specific counseling goals cannot be formulated and appropriate treatment strategies cannot be designed until a client's past and present functioning is understood.

Which of the following is not one of the four phases of the Adlerian therapeutic process? a. Encouraging the development of self-understanding b. Exploring the psychological dynamics operating in the client c. Teaching the client the process of free association d. Establishing the proper therapeutic relationship

Teaching the client the process of free association

Which of the following statements is not true as it is applied to Adlerian therapy? a. Feelings of inferiority can be the wellspring of creativity. b. The approach is grounded on the medical model. c. It is a phenomenological orientation. d. Consciousness, more than the unconscious, is the focus of therapy.

The approach is grounded on the medical model.

Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding ethics codes? a. They are best used as guidelines to formulate sound reasoning and serve practitioners in making the best judgments possible. b. They are becoming so specific that they have nearly eliminated the need for practitioners to use critical thinking skills and clinical judgment when faced with ethical issues. c. They are intended to provide ready-made answers for the ethical dilemmas that practitioners will encounter. d. They are so general that they are of little, if any, use to clinicians.

They are best used as guidelines to formulate sound reasoning and serve practitioners in making the best judgments possible.

Which of the following statements holds regarding the use of techniques by Adlerians? a. They use strictly cognitive techniques. b. They fit a variety of techniques to the needs of each client. c. They are bound by a clear set of therapeutic techniques. d. They use emotive and behavioral techniques to get people to think.

They fit a variety of techniques to the needs of each client.

How best can multiple relationship issues be resolved if they are unavoidable for therapists? a. Thinking through all the ethical and clinical dimensions involved in a range of boundary concerns b. Considering overlapping roles on a case-by-case basis c. Strictly adhering to ethics codes d. Recognizing potential conflicts of interest

Thinking through all the ethical and clinical dimensions involved in a range of boundary concerns

The Adlerian point of view toward the role of insight in therapy is best stated in this way: a. Emotional insight must precede intellectual insight. b. Insight is a prerequisite to any personality change. c. People will not make changes until they know the precise causes of their personality problems. d. To be of value, insight must be translated into a constructive action program.

To be of value, insight must be translated into a constructive action program.

Which is the goal of existential therapy? a. To make clients aware of their resources and resolve blocks to personal growth. b. To facilitate clients to understand their behaviors related to the context of the present environment. c. To help clients lead a meaningful existence with their exploration of the givens of life. d. To help clients address issues related to oppressive conditions in their life.

To help clients lead a meaningful existence with their exploration of the givens of life.

A new set of standards with regard to the use of technology contained in the ACA Code of Ethics includes the distance counseling relationship, maintenance of records, and the use of social media. a. True b. False

True

Abundant research indicates the centrality of the person of the therapist as a primary factor in successful therapy. a. True b. False

True

According to Sartre, existential guilt is being aware of having evaded a commitment, or having chosen not to choose for ourselves. a. True b. False

True

According to ego-defense mechanisms, denial of reality is a way of distorting what the individual thinks, feels, or perceives in a traumatic situation. a. True b. False

True

Adler chose the name Individual Psychology for his theoretical approach because he wanted to avoid reductionist divisions. a. True b. False

True

Adlerian theory is well suited to counseling diverse populations. a. True b. False

True

Adlerian therapy is well suited to a brief or time-limited approach. a. True b. False

True

Although existentially oriented therapists may incorporate many techniques from other models, these interventions are made within the context of striving to understand the subjective world of the client. a. True b. False

True

Assessment is a basic part of the counseling process. a. True b. False

True

Ego psychology theorists view therapy in terms of assisting clients in gaining awareness of their defenses and helping them develop better ways of coping with these defenses. a. True b. False

True

Existential therapists are free to draw from techniques that flow from many other orientations, but they have a set of assumptions and attitudes that guide their interventions with clients. a. True b. False

True

Existential therapy is grounded on the assumption that humans are free and responsible for their choices and actions. a. True b. False

True

From a multicultural perspective, assumptions made about mental health, optimum human development, the nature of psychopathology, and the nature of effective treatment may have little relevance for some clients. a. True b. False

True

If counselors hide behind the safety of their professional role, their clients will likely keep themselves hidden in therapy. a. True b. False

True

In classical psychoAnalysis, analysts typically avoid engaging in self-disclosure and assume a nonjudgmental stance. a. True b. False

True

In existential group counseling, members come to terms with the paradoxes of existence. a. True b. False

True

Insight is best defined as understanding translated into action. a. True b. False

True

Meta-analyses of studies on therapeutic effectiveness have shown that techniques have relatively little effect on therapeutic outcome. a. True b. False

True

Most beginning counselors have ambivalent feelings when meeting their first clients. a. True b. False

True

Privileged communication is a legal concept that protects clients from having their confidential communications revealed in court without their permission. a. True b. False

True

Psychoanalytically oriented therapy can be made appropriate for culturally diverse populations if techniques are modified to fit the settings in which a therapist practices. a. True b. False

True

The Freudian psychoanalytic model mainly postulates life and death instincts. a. True b. False

True

The existential approach is highly relevant in working in a multicultural context, because it does not dictate a particular way of viewing or relating to reality and because of its broad perspective. a. True b. False

True

Therapists may break confidentiality in cases involving child abuse, abuse of the elderly, and abuse of dependent adults. a. True b. False

True

nformed consent is a positive approach that helps clients become active partners and true collaborators in their therapy. a. True b. False

True

Through the support that is within a group in existential group counseling, participants are able to tap the strength needed to create a. their values that need not necessarily be consistent with their way of being. b. opportunities for others to work on their problems. c. their own choices or decisions in situations that are conflicting with others. d. an internally derived value system consistent with their way of being.

an internally derived value system consistent with their way of being

In many mental health settings, clinicians are pressured to use interventions that a. tap into unconscious dynamics. b. focus on early childhood experiences. c. are research supported even if they are lengthy. d. are brief and standardized

are brief and standardized

Counselors who leave their reactions and selves out of their clinical work a. are definitely practicing in an unethical manner and might be violating laws depending on the state in which they are practicing. b. are most likely psychodynamic practitioners who are creating the analytic framework. c. are likely to be ineffective counselors and merely technical experts. d. have mastered setting good boundaries in therapy

are likely to be ineffective counselors and merely technical experts

Kendra is a biracial client who presents as being reserved and passive and who makes minimal eye contact. Her therapist should a. confront Kendra immediately to ensure that future sessions are more productive. b. diagnose Kendra as being depressed. c. consider that Kendra's behavior and mannerisms may reflect distinctive ethnic and cultural patterns. d. view Kendra's behavior as resistance to the therapeutic process.

consider that Kendra's behavior and mannerisms may reflect distinctive ethnic and cultural patterns.

Yolanda, a therapist specializing in working with adolescents, told a young pregnant client to strongly consider giving her child up for adoption. In Yolanda's words: "Certainly you don't want to eliminate the possibility of going to college and ruining your future by having a child at such a young age, right?" Yolanda is a. doing the client a favor by being direct and offering her guidance. b. exerting influence and imposing her values on the client. c. surely projecting her own life story on to the client. d. merely exposing her own values and thus is behaving ethically.

exerting influence and imposing her values on the client.

Paula recently discovered that two of her clients that she sees individually had a stormy relationship in the past. She is wondering whether she can remain objective in working with them. Paula should do all of the following, except a. discussing options with other professionals to get their perspectives. b. looking at the relevant ethics codes for general guidance on the matter. c. first informing both clients of her issue. d. brainstorming various possible courses of action.

first informing both clients of her issue.

David is a counselor trainee who is working in a mental health center under the supervision of Dr. Garcia. In order to behave in an ethical manner, David should a. inform his clients at the outset of counseling that he plans to consult with his supervisor Dr. Garcia in order to ensure that he is providing them with high quality care. b. refuse to work with actual clients until he is a highly competent therapist. c. not reveal to his clients that he is a trainee under supervision so as to prevent them from questioning his competence, which could undermine the therapeutic process. d. ask Dr. Garcia to sit in on every session he conducts to ensure that he is developing competence.

inform his clients at the outset of counseling that he plans to consult with his supervisor Dr. Garcia in order to ensure that he is providing them with high quality care.

Short-term applications of the existential approach require a. exploration of others' attitudes and values. b. understanding of the current situation in relation to the past. c. more structuring and clearly defined goals. d. a detailed exploration of existential concerns.

more structuring and clearly defined goals.

Understanding the sociopolitical system of which clients are a part is a. a requirement only for those who want to specialize in social justice issues. b. something that only social workers do. c. not important for therapists working in private practice. d. necessary in order to become multiculturally competent.

necessary in order to become multiculturally competent.

Linda, a licensed therapist with strong negative opinions about homosexuality and gay marriage, believes that her clients Joe and Robert should dissolve their gay relationship and give heterosexuality a chance. Linda is a. being true to her own values; thus, her advice to Joe and Robert is ethical. b. not maintaining an objective stance and seems to be encapsulated by her worldview. c. behaving in an illegal manner. d. qualified to assess whether or not Joe and Robert should remain a couple because she is licensed.

not maintaining an objective stance and seems to be encapsulated by her worldview

Considerable evidence indicates that the _______________ of the psychotherapist is inextricably intertwined with the outcome of psychotherapy. a. person b. socioeconomic status c. décor of the office d. genetic makeup

person

According to existential therapy, _______ provides a view of human history that does not focus on past events but motivates individuals to look forward to "authentic experiences" that are yet to come. a. an evidence-based approach b. phenomenological existentialism c. a cognitive approach d. phenomenology

phenomenological existentialism

The working-through process allows clients to complete all of the following except a. repeat and explore conscious events of the past that are pleasant. b. recognize that their way of being may have served a purpose in the past. c. understand that a change can be beneficial in the present. d. become accepting of their defensive structure.

repeat and explore conscious events of the past that are pleasant

The lifestyle assessment includes information based on all of the following except a. mistaken, self-defeating perceptions. b. the individual constellation. c. early recollections. d. dreams.

the individual constellation.

Resistance is seen as part of ______________—how a person understands his or her being and relationship to the world at large. a. the self-and-world construct b. social interest c. the world-at-large concept d. authenticity

the self-and-world construct

As per existential therapy, relinquishing freedom may lead to a. a purposeless life. b. a restricted existence. c. dependency on others. d. the ultimate inauthenticity

the ultimate inauthenticity

During the initial phase of counseling, a. therapists assist clients in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world. b. clients are assisted in more fully examining the source and authority of their present value system. c. the therapeutic hour is a large contribution to a person's renewed engagement with life and the only time a client must rehearse what is learned. d. the focus is on helping people take what they are learning about themselves and put it into action.

therapists assist clients in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world.

A primary aim of psychodynamic approaches is a. to lead a client to solve his or her problems the way the therapist wants him or her to solve them. b. to foster clients' capacities to expect others to solve their own problems. c. to decrease the client's need to solve his or her own problems. d. to foster clients' capacities to solve their own problems.

to foster clients' capacities to solve their own problems.

Yi-Lung, a recent immigrant from Taiwan, has been encouraged by his American girlfriend to join her in couples counseling. During the first session, Yi-Lung seems reluctant to self-disclose and admits that he does not believe counseling is the best way for them to address their problems. The counselor should a. try to understand Yi-Lung's perspective and assess his resistance. b. inform Yi-Lung's girlfriend that, if he is not interested, counseling will not be effective. c. assure Yi-Lung that self-disclosure is safe in counseling sessions. d. explain American culture to Yi-Lung and encourage him to assimilate.

try to understand Yi-Lung's perspective and assess his resistance

Existential therapists are primarily concerned with a. exploring the client's past history in detail. b. challenging the client's irrational beliefs. c. developing a specific treatment plan that can be objectively appraised. d. understanding the client's subjective world

understanding the client's subjective world