CS 330 Chapter 13

The actual mapping to a physical address is a function of the _________ and is invisible to the programmer.

memory management unit (MMU)

Just as register addressing is analogous to direct addressing, ________ addressing is analogous to indirect addressing.

register indirect

__________ explicitly specifies which segment register an instruction should use, overriding the default segment-register selection generated by the x86 for that instruction.

segment override

Sometimes referred to as a pushdown list or last-in-first-out queue, a __________ is a linear array of locations.

stack

__________ has the advantage of flexibility, but the disadvantage of complexity. A. Stack addressing B. Displacement addressing C. Direct addressing D. Register addressing

B. Displacement addressing

_________ is a principle by which two variables are independent of each other. A. Opcode B. Orthogonality C. Completeness D. Autoindexing

B. Orthogonality

The advantage of __________ is that no memory reference other than the instruction fetch is required to obtain the operand. A. direct addressing B. immediate addressing C. register addressing D. stack addressing

B. immediate addressing

For addresses that reference memory the range of addresses that can be referenced is not related to the number of address bits.

F

In a system without virtual memory, the effective address is a virtual address or a register.

F

Register indirect addressing uses the same number of memory references as indirect addressing.

F

Three of the most common uses of stack addressing are relative addressing, base-register addressing, and indexing.

F

Typically an instruction set will include both preindexing and postindexing.

F

The memory transfer rate has not kept up with increases in processor speed.

T

The method of calculating the EA is the same for both base-register addressing and indexing.

T

The principal price to pay for variable-length instructions is an increase in the complexity of the processor.

T

The value of the mode field determines which addressing mode is to be used.

T

The x86 is equipped with a variety of addressing modes intended to allow the efficient execution of high-level languages.

T

With direct addressing, the length of the address field is usually less than the word length, thus limiting the address range.

T

The __________ instruction set is designed to increase the performance of ARM implementations that use a 16-bit or narrower memory data bus and to allow better code density than provided by the ARM instruction set.

Thumb

The simplest form of addressing is __________ addressing.

immediate

A(n) __________ defines the layout of the bits of an instruction in terms of its constituent fields, must include an opcode and, implicitly or explicitly, zero or more operands.

instruction format

__________ has the advantage of large address space, however it has the disadvantage of multiple memory references. A. Indirect addressing B. Direct addressing C. Immediate addressing D. Stack addressing

A. Indirect addressing

The __________ byte consists of three fields: the Scale field, the Index field and the Base field. A. SIB B. VAX C. PDP-11 D. ModR/M

A. SIB

For the _________ mode, the operand is included in the instruction. A. immediate B. base C. register D. displacement

A. immediate

For _________, the address field references a main memory address and the referenced register contains a positive displacement from that address. A. indexing B. base-register addressing C. relative addressing D. all of the above

A. indexing

All instructions in the ARM architecture are __________ bits long and follow a regular format. A. 8 B. 16 C. 32 D. 64

C. 32

The _________ was designed to provide a powerful and flexible instruction set within the constraints of a 16-bit minicomputer. A. PDP-1 B. PDP-8 C. PDP-11 D. PDP-10

C. PDP-11

Indexing performed after the indirection is __________. A. relative addressing B. autoindexing C. postindexing D. preindexing

C. postindexing

The advantages of _________ addressing are that only a small address field is needed in the instruction and no time-consuming memory references are required. A. direct B. indirect C. register D. displacement

C. register

__________ is a design principle employed in designing the PDP-10 instruction set. A. Orthogonality B. Completeness C. Direct addressing D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following interrelated factors go into determining the use of the addressing bits? A. number of operands B. number of register sets C. address range D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The principal advantage of ___________ addressing is that it is a very simple form of addressing. A. displacement B. register C. stack D. direct

D. direct

The only form of addressing for branch instructions is _________ addressing. A. register B. relative C. base D. immediate

D. immediate

The _________ byte specifies whether an operand is in a register or in memory, and if it is in memory, then fields within the byte specify the addressing mode to be used.

ModR/M

One advantage of linking the addressing mode to the operand rather than the opcode is that any addressing mode can be used with any opcode.

T

Register addressing is similar to direct addressing with the only difference being that the address field refers to a register rather than a main memory address.

T

The base with index and displacement mode sums the contents of the base register, the index register, and a displacement to form the effective address.

T

The disadvantage of immediate addressing is that the size of the number is restricted to the size of the address field.

T

"All instructions should have the 'natural' number of operands" and "all operands should have the same generality in specification" are two criteria that were used in designing the __________ instruction format.

VAX

Programs written in assembly language are translated into machine language by an _________.

assembler

__________ is when the increment or decrement of the index register after each reference to it is done automatically as part of the same instruction cycle.

autoindexing

In the __________ mode the instruction includes a displacement to be added to a base register, which may be any of the general-purpose registers.

base with displacement

If a programmer wished to program directly in machine language it would be necessary to enter the program as ________ data.

binary

Not common on contemporary architectures, ___________ requires only one memory reference and no special calculation, but provides only a limited address space.

direct addressing

A very powerful mode of addressing, __________ combines the capabilities of direct addressing and register indirect addressing, requiring that the instruction have two address fields, at least one of which is explicit.

displacement addressing