CSE 005 Midterm

What kinds of software of computers run?

1. Application Software: series of computer programs that help an individual do a task 2. System Software: Useful software to assist the computer system to work proficiently 3. Development Tools: Used to produce Web sites, Apps, operating systems and more utilities

What is significant about a computer's ability to store instructions?

: A computer's ability to store instructions, or stored program, is significant because it allows you to jump from one task to another. For example, going from a word processing program, like Microsoft Word, to a computing program, such as playing music. This specific characteristic is what differentiates computers to other simpler electronic devices such as alarm clocks, or calculators.

What is a vector graphic?

: The first graphics that appeared on computer screens were not photos, but simple shapes consisting of lines and curves. Consist of a set of instructions for creating a picture and include standard shapes such as circles and rectangles.

What is a bitmap graphic?

A bitmap graphic is composed of a grid of small rectangular cells. You can create a bitmap graphic from scratch using tools from software such as the iPhoto, Adobe photoshop, and Microsoft paint.

How does speech synthesis work?

A machine produces sounds to resemble spoken words.

What is a computer?

A multipurpose device that can receive input, process and store data, and produces output while following a set of stored commands or instructions.

What is convergence?

A process by which several technologies evolve to form a single product. It created sophisticated mobile devices to access the same services available from full-size computers.

What is a supply chain?

A sequence of organizations, people, activities, information & resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer

How does video compression work?

A video is compressed using a software called codec when it is not in use. Codec is an algorithm used to shrink the size of the video and can only be decompressed using the same codec that compressed that video. Compressed videos are then stored in container formats such as AVI, MOV, MPEG, WebM, ASF, VOB, and Ogg Therora

Why are there ASCII codes for numbers?

ASCII codes are used for numbers, such as SS numbers and phone numbers.

What happens after the project team selects a solution?

After the project team selects a solution it becomes easier for them to proceed with their project development plan.

What is a transaction processing system?

Also known as TPS, it is a system that exchanges between two parties. It collects, displays, modifies, or cancels transactions.

What is an information system?

An information system is renovation plan created by IT systems that help them develop and use project plans. Businesses call their information System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Information systems can be created, tested, edited, and deployed.

What is an integrated circuit?

An integrated circuit (IC) is a set of microscopic electronic circuits etched onto a thin slide of semiconducting material

What is the difference between analog and digital?

Analog info is transmitted into electric pulses with different amplitude. Digital translation of info is in binary format (0 or 1) where each bit only has 2 different amplitudes.

What is image compression?

Any technique that recodes the data in an image file so that it contains fewer bits.

What happens during the maintenance phase?

Backups are made, help is provided to users, equipment is operated, bugs are fixed, security and speed are optimized, and software are revised as needed. Personnel involved include: System operators, which work on system backups and recover; system programmer, which work on updating systems and their performance; and the help desk, which handle user problems

How are transactions processed?

Batch, online, and reports.

How is sound digitized?

Binary format, sound waves are collected at periodic intervals and stored as numeric data in an audio file

What is the difference between bits and bytes?

Bits are the managers who encode all of the data stored and transmitted by digital devices and byte is a group of 8 bits and is usually abbreviated by an uppercase B.

What is the role of an information system in the supply chain?

Businesses use SCM (supply chain management) to maximize efficiency and profitability.

How does CRM fit into an enterprise information system?

CRM fits into an enterprise information system because enterprise information system needs information about the customers and CRM helps them with that.

What is CRM?

CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. CRM refers to practices, strategies, and technology that companies use to manage and analyze customer interaction to improve business relationship with customers.

How does color depth affect video quality?

Color depth takes into account the number and variety of colors that are used in a single image. The more color used to create an image the more realistic it will appear. The clarity of the picture takes into account the pixels that make up the image, which is then multiplied by the 24 bits (color depth palette) to define its color. Each pixel is multiplied by 24 bits.

What triggers a data breach?

Data breaches can be triggered by the following: Malware attacks, employee negligence, insider theft, device theft and system glitches.

What is data processing?

Data processing is the input-processing-output cycle. The data goes into a computer, it is process, and then it is output.

Is there a difference between data and info?

Data refers to symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas. Info system collects, stores, and processes data.

What is data representation?

Data representation refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted.

What are digital electronics?

Digital Electronics is the base of modern technology as it is today. They represent data bits as electrical signals that travel over circuits to perform tasks.

How does digital data work?

Digital data is text, numbers, sound, photos, and videos used to produce a higher quality sound than analog.

How do digital devices represent text?

Digital devices employ several types of codes to represent character data, including ASCII, unicode, and their variants.

What is digital video?

Digital video is a core technology for digital television, videoconferencing systems, and video messaging.

What is included in a disaster recovery plan?

Disaster recovery plans should include the following: ensuring the safety of all individuals on the premises, operate critical business operations as normal, maintain disruptions to operations to a minimum, minimize immediate damage and prevent any additional loss, establish a management chain and facilitate effective recovery tasks coordination.

What happens during the implementation phase?

During the implication phase, the teams will takes tasks necessary to construct the new information system by first install software, create application and test it, finalize document, trains user, convert data, and then finally convert it into the new system.

What is ERP?

ERP stands for Enterprise Resources Planning. ERP is a suite of software modules that integrate major business activities.

How does each pixel get a color number?

Each pixel is assigned a color, and stored as a binary number.

What is the scope of e-commerce?

Ecommerce refers to business transactions that are conducted electronically over a computer network. The strategy has been a significant generator of revenue

What does data center contain?

Electrical backup power, CCTV monitoring, Fire Suppression system, Security alarm, Environmental monitoring, Servers, and Biometric premises security.

How do employees learn how to use the new information system?

Employees learn how to use the new information system by User training, in which they do hands-on training or procedure handbook

What should you know about frame rates?

Frame rate is the number of frames displayed per second. The higher the frame rates enhance the video by making it more smooth and realistic..

What does the planning phase entail?

GD: The Planning phase involves an information system development project with the goal of creating a Project Development Plan.

Does sampling affect sound quality?

Higher sampling increases quality of sound, but takes up more space.

What kinds of disasters put information systems at risk?

Human error, natural disasters, power outages, equipment/software failures, sabotage/vandalism, and war

How do identity thieves use the data they steal?

Identity thieves can use the data they steal to commit credit fraud, collect tax refunds, obtain false identity documents, and apply for loans.

What was computing like during the third phase?

In the third phase of the digital revolution, computers became networked and the internet was open to public use, A computer network is a group of computers linked together to share data and resources.

What are the components of a DSS?

Inputs, User Knowledge and expertise, Outputs, decisions.

How is digital data stored?

It exists on storage medium, such as a hard disk, CD, DVD, or flash drive.

What is a management information system?

It is a computerized database of financial information that gets programmed and organized in a way that allows production of reports on operations for each management level in a company

What is an expert system?

It is a piece of software programed using artificial intelligence like use of databases with expert knowledge to give advice or make decisions in medical diagnosis or trading on the stock exchange

How long does the maintenance phase last?

It is an ongoing process that may take years in service.

How does an expert system work?

It works by using the data it has stored in it's system and looking for the answer to the question provided. They are special databases built to imitate the knowledge of human expertise in many subject fields. The knowledge from human experts is entered and stored people using the expert system can then question it. The system searches it stored data for the answer to the question.

What is the difference between lossless and lossy compression?

Lossless compression compress data and puts it back to its original state, uncompressed data stays exactly the same as the original data. Lossy compression throws away some of the original data during the compression process, uncompressed data is not exactly the same as the original.

What kinds of reports can an MIS produce?

MIS's produce reports on every level of management; the reports provide a company with feedback on their performance.

What is MIDI music?

Musical instrument digital interface. A standard way to music data for synthesizers, electronic MDI instruments, and computers.

Can an expert system deal with uncertainty?

No an expert system cannot deal with uncertainty because it either has the answer in it's system or does not have it.

How does OLTP work?

OLTP system = online TPS.

What is the official definition of organization?

Organization is a group of people working together to accomplish a goal.

Who uses information systems?

Organizations, enterprises, and non- profit.

What is personal computing?

Personal computing is the second phase of the digital revolution. It is characterized by small, standalone computers powered by local software (any software installed on a computers hard drive).

What is plain text?

Plain, unformatted text is sometimes called ASCII text and is stored in a so-called "text file" with a name ending in .txt. Plain text is text that is not computationally tagged or specifically formatted.

What did cloud computing change?

Provided access to info, application, communication, and storage over the internet.

How does loseless compression shrink a file without throwing away data?

Run-length encoding (RLE) is a type of lossless compression that replaces a series of similarly colored pixels with binary code that indicates the number of pixels and their colors

What is an SDLC? System Development Life Cycle

SDLC stands for Software Development Life cycle. SDLC is a series of steps that provide a model for the development and life cycle of an application or piece of software.

How does an online shopping cart work?

Shopping cart items can be stored in a cookie. When you click add to my cart, the merchant's server sends a message to your browser to add the item number to the cookies. When you check out, the server asks your browser for all the cookie data that pertains to your items. After your browser sends those cookies along with a request for an order summary. The web server uses the cookies to look up products in its database and produce a web page listing the items you want to purchase.

What role do social media play?

Social media are cloud-based applications designed for social interaction and consumer generated content.

How does speech recognition work?

Software analyzes your voice and then converts the sounds into groups of phonemes (basic sounds units). The software compares the groups to words in a digital dictionary to find a match. When a match is found, the software displays the word on screen or use it for command.

What are the key properties of digital video?

Some of the key properties of digital video include: using bits to store color and brightness data for each video frame, being able to digitize footage from home movies, VHS tapes, and other older sources using video capture equipment, and being able to shoot footage with consumer-quality camcorder, web cam, and a cell phone camera.

What is the difference between speech synthesis and speech recognition?

Speech testing vs. siri, one repeats, while the other understands what is being said.

How are expert systems built?

Step 1: Experts in a field are interviewed then there knowledge is collected. Step 2: From the knowledge collected the system organizes it and store it in it"s database, the knowledge is searched Inference Engine. Step 3: Inference engine is crated this allows the user to search the data. The Inference Engine system poses questions tot he user and then analyses the answer by running a set of rules that have been programmed into the engine. Step 4: The user interface is created this allows the user to communicate with the expert system. Gives the user the ability to answer questions posed by the system. Step 5: Testing, the system is finally tested to make sure every answer to the questions is correct.

What kinds of enterprises can an information system serve?

Strorage planning, Tactical planning, operartional planning

What are structured documentation tools?

Structured documentation tools are used to illustrate program requirements and keep things organized.

What are the "go live" options?

The "go live" options are the cut over, which is system conversion. This replaces the old with a new system.

How do digital devices represent numbers?

The 0s and 1s used to represent digital data are referred to as binary digits.

What happens in the design phase?

The design phase is there to review software alternatives such as application development tools, application software, and programming tools.

What kinds of hardware solutions are available?

The different types of hardware solutions include laptops, computers, desktops, super computers, and mobile devices.

What is the importance of application specifications?

The importance of application specifications is to helps manage feature demand in changes, determine which configuration is require, process changes, and approval for sign off.

How can an information system help an enterprise respond to threats and opportunities?

The problem/threat goes within three phases, a structured then semi-structured, and then an unstructured problem where they can easily identify transaction errors and problems.

How is the project schedule developed?

The project administrator will be the one to distribute roles and information needed within the group to each group member to increase success within the project.

How does the project team determine what the new system should do?

The project team tests for compatibility and completeness using unit testing, integration testing and system testing.

What is the purpose of the analysis phase?

The purpose of the analysis phase is to produce a list of requirements for a new or revised information system.

Where do the rules come from?

The rules come from the system.

How does the team choose the best solution?

The team can choose the best solutions by using the project development plan. This will help the team to justify the projects and develop a project schedule in order to develop the best solutions

How can the team ensure that a new information system works?

The team can ensure that a new information system works by testing it for compatibility and completeness by Unit, Integration, and System testing.

What is digital?

The use of electrical signals to represent data. There are both social, political, and economic consequences.

What kinds of software solutions are available?

There are many types of software solutions. These include programming tools, applications development tools, application software, and turnkey systems

What is the future of the digital revolution?

There will be moral and ethical issues related to technology such as digital access, reliance, privacy, safety, and health issues. Economic effects will cause globalization and a digital divide.

How do information systems help the people in an organization?

They help collect, store, and process data.

Who participates in the project?

Two- Five students act as a project team Team Leader (Project Manager) : assign tasks to each group member, Project Administrator, Project Team Members

What kinds of documentation are required?

User and system documentation are required. In specific, system default features, hardware, programming, Online help, User manual, and designed for user.

How do vector graphics relate to 3-D graphics?

Vector graphics are related to 3-D graphics by vectors being used for 3-D graphics as a set of instructions describing the coordinates for lines and shapes in a three-dimensional space

Where are vector graphics used?

Vector graphics are used for line art, logos, simple illustrations, infographic elements, and diagrams.

How do vector graphics compare to bitmap images?

Vector graphics resize better than a bitmap, require less storage space than a bitmap, are not as realistic as bitmap images, and editing an object is easier than in a bitmap.

How important is user support?

Very important. It allows personnel to be directly involved in system problems and the process of recovery and maximizing performance.

Is it possible to convert a vector graphic into a bitmap?

Yes, it is possible to convert a vector graphic into a bitmap as vector graphics and bitmap graphics are very similar to each other

What is a decision support system?

a decision support system is a computerized information system that is used to influence decision-making in a company, organization etc.

How long was the second phase of the digital revolution?

the second phase of the digital revolution lasted from 1975-1995.

Can you shrink and enlarge bitmaps?

​ Yes, graphics software can help you gauge how large or small an image can be printed before the quality begins to deteriorate

How are colors specified?

​Colors can be specified in decimal (base 10), hexadecimal (base 16) or binary (base 2). With eight bits used to represent each color value, one pixel requires 24 bits

How does resolution relate to image quality?

​Resolution relates to the image quality because high resolution graphics contain more data than low-resolution graphics; more data makes it possible to display and print high-quality images that are sharper and clearer.