CSIT 216 Ch 1 - Introduction to Computers and Programming

What part of the computer actually runs programs?

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

(True/False) A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.

False

(True/False) Images, like the ones created with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers

False

(True/False) Assembly language is considered a high-level language.

False, Assembly language is a low-level language

(True/False) Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches.

False, CPUs are small chips known as micro processors

(True/False) Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, and macOS are all examples of application software.

False, Windows, Linux, iOS, and macOS are operating systems

(True/False) Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs.

False, they are examples of application software

6. This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running. a. RAM b. secondary storage c. the disk drive d. the USB drive

a. RAM

22. The __________ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program. a. assembler b. compiler c. translator d. interpreter

a. assembler

10. A __________ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number. a. byte b. bit c. switch d. transistor

a. byte

2. The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as __________. a. hardware b. software c. the operating system d. tools

a. hardware

9. A video display is a(n) __________ device. a. output b. input c. secondary storage d. main memory

a. output

24. The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called __________. a. syntax b. punctuation c. keywords d. operators

a. syntax

16. Negative numbers are encoded using the __________ technique. a. two's complement b. floating point c. ASCII d. Unicode

a. two's complement

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?

application software

14. A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is __________. a. binary numbering b. ASCII c. Unicode d. ENIAC

b. ASCII

19. If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see __________. a. Python code b. a stream of binary numbers c. English words d. circuits

b. a stream of binary numbers

12. In the __________ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s. a. hexadecimal b. binary c. octal d. decimal

b. binary

25. A(n) __________ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. a. assembler b. compiler c. translator d. utility

b. compiler

20. In the __________ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform. a. fetch b. decode c. execute d. deconstruct

b. decode

17. Real numbers are encoded using the __________ technique. a. two's complement b. floating point c. ASCII d. Unicode

b. floating point

8. A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called __________. a. an output device b. an input device c. a secondary storage device d. main memory

b. input device

4. Today, CPUs are small chips known as __________. a. ENIACs b. microprocessors c. memory chips d. operating systems

b. microprocessors

1. A(n) __________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task. a. compiler b. program c. interpreter d. programming language

b. program

13. A bit that is turned off represents the following value: __________. a. 1 b. −1 c. 0 d. "no"

c. 0

15. An extensive encoding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the world is __________. a. binary numbering b. ASCII c. Unicode d. ENIAC

c. Unicode

21. Computers can only execute programs that are written in __________. a. Java b. assembly language c. machine language d. Python

c. machine language

3. The part of a computer that runs programs is called __________. a. RAM b. secondary storage c. main memory e. the CPU

c. main memory

5. The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in __________. a. secondary storage b. the CPU c. main memory d. the microprocessor

c. main memory

7. A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer, is called __________. a. RAM b. main memory c. secondary storage d. CPU storage

c. seconday storage

11. A byte is made up of eight __________. a. CPUs b. instructions c. variables d. bits

d. bits

23. The words that make up a high-level programming language are called __________. a. binary instructions b. mnemonics c. commands d. keywords

d. keywords

18. The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called __________. a. bits b. bytes c. color packets d. pixels

d. pixels

What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?

input device

What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?

main memory (RAM)

What fundamental set of programs control the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

operating system

What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

output device

What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?

secondary storage

What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?

utility program

What is a program?

A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task. Is also referred to as software

List the five major components of a computer system.

1. The CPU 2. Main memory 3. Secondary storage devices 4. Input devices 5. Output devices

What is hardware?

Hardware refers to all of the physical devices, or components, of which a computer is made.

(True/False) Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number.

True

(True/False) Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands.

True

(True/False) Main memory is also known as RAM.

True

(True/False) An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.

True