Drugs and Behavior - Chapter 9

Based on results of experiments studying alcohol's effects on "divided attention" tasks, several groups including the AMA have recommended that the legal level of intoxication be uniform across the United States at a BAC of ________.

0.05%

The legal level of intoxication in all 50 states in the United Sates is a BAC of __________.

0.08%

At what BAC does an individual typically experience major impairment in gross motor functions like standing and walking?

0.15

If a man has had 8 drinks in 2 hours, his estimated BAC would be __________.

0.17

A blood alcohol concentration number is based on the amount of alcohol in what unit of blood?

100 miligrams

A beverage that is 60% alcohol by volume is __________ proof.

120

When calculating per capita alcohol consumption, the U.S. Census considers all individuals over the age of _________.

14

Fermented beverages have an alcohol content no higher than __________.

15%

When was Prohibition repealed?

1933

The average adult would reach alcohol's LD 50 by drinking __________ standard drinks an hour.

25

Delirium tremens occur in Phase ______ of alcohol withdrawal.

3

How many groups are involved in the balanced placebo design?

4

How many ounces of table wine is considered to be a standard drink?

5

In the United States, 20 ounces of a beverage that is 25% ethanol contains __________ ounces of alcohol.

5

According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, __________ of the U.S. sample reported heavy alcohol use in the month preceding the interview.

6-7%

The "Asian flushing response" brought about by alcohol use is due to a build-up of _____.

Acetaldehyde

The enzyme dehydrogenase breaks alcohol down into __________.

Acetaldehyde

Alcohol effects receptors for all of the following neurotransmitters except ________.

Acetylcholine

How does alcohol differ from other foods?

Alcohol does not have to be digested before the body absorbs it.

The liver metabolizes alcohol __________.

At a constant rate

Which of the following is an example of a Phase 2 alcohol withdrawal symptom? A. Very high body temperature and abnormally rapid heart beat. B. Grand mal seizures C. Shakes D. Hallucinations

B. Grand mal seizures

Mixing alcohol and __________ is a common method of intended and unintended suicides.

Barbiturates

Why does prolonged use of alcohol result in the development of a "beer belly"?

Because alcohol reduces the amount of fat in the body that is oxidized.

The idea that alcoholism is a disease originated in a treatise by __________.

Benjamin Rush

Which of the following is the formula to calculate estimated BAC? A. (number of hours since drinking began) (0.025%) − (number of standard drinks) (0.015%) B. (number of standard drinks) (0.015%) − (number of hours since drinking began) (0.025%) C. (number of standard drinks) (0.025%) − (number of hours since drinking began) (0.015%) D. (number of hours since drinking began) (0.015%) − (number of standard drinks) (0.025%)

C. (number of standard drinks) (0.025%) − (number of hours since drinking began) (0.015%)

With blackouts, the individual __________.

Cannot recall events that occurred during a drinking occasion.

Why has heavy drinking among college students been a serious concern in the United States?

College students who drink heavily experience serious consequences.

Korsakoff's syndrome __________. A. Is most directly due to alcohol abuse. B. Produces serious impairments in short-term memory. C. Involves damage to the brain structure D. All of these are correct. E. Often includes considerable confusion and confabulation.

D. All of these are correct.

Which of the following has the highest potential alcohol content? A. Vodka B. Gin C. Whiskey D. Rum

D. Rum

In _________ tolerance, a person must consume greater quantities of alcohol in order to maintain a certain BAC.

Dispositional

Which of the following drugs is used to treat people with alcohol dependence by interfering with their ability to metabolize alcohol?

Disulfiram

The first beers were produced in _________ .

Egypt

What type of alcohol is used in the production of alcoholic beverages?

Ethanol

When considering data on per capita consumption from a public health point of view, "heavy" drinking is defined as _____________.

Experiencing negative consequences while drinking.

Alcohol's influence on body sway is due to its effects on the cerebellum. True or False?

False

Alcohol's influence on body sway is due to its effects on the cerebellum. True or False?

False

An important acute effect of alcohol is a dramatic increase in REM, or dream, sleep. True or False?

False

At a BAC over 0.05%, drinkers tend to underestimate the passage of time. True or False?

False

Because dispositional tolerance far outpaces protracted functional tolerance, the person becomes more susceptible to serious health and other consequences of heavy alcohol consumption. True or False?

False

Cirrhosis of the liver is reversible with long-term abstinence. True or False?

False

Demographic characteristics are the primary driving factor in whether a person develops alcohol use disorder. True or False?

False

Light beer has less sugar than regular beer, but the same amount of alcohol. True or False?

False

Moderate levels of alcohol tend to stimulate males' libido.

False

Worldwide, women and men are equally likely to die from alcohol-related causes. True or False?

False

__________ is the earliest, most benign effect of alcohol's effects on the liver.

Fatty liver

The per capita alcohol consumption decline of the 1980s was due to a reduction in use of __________.

Hard Liquor

What is the key process used in distillation?

Heating

Moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages can offer which health benefit to older adults?

Improving digestion.

The action of alcohol on neurotransmitters is ________.

Inhibitory

How does dessert wine differ from regular red wine?

It has a higher alcohol content.

Over 90% of the alcohol that is absorbed is metabolized by the body mainly in the __________.

Liver

Because of __________ tolerance, an individual must drink greater amounts of alcohol to achieve a mood change that was once achieved with less alcohol.

Protracted

__________ is the shutting of a muscular valve separating the stomach from the intestines that occurs in some people when they drink very large quantities of alcohol.

Pylorospasm

The French custom of drinking 1-2 glasses of __________ per day appears to be related to a lowered risk of coronary heart disease.

Red wine

The __________ was the focal scapegoat of the Temperance Movement in the late 1800s.

Saloon

Fermentation begins when ____________ is dissolved in water and exposed to air.

Sugar

Alcohol works as a peripheral dilator. This causes __________.

The skin to feel warm and turn red.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome has been linked to __________ deficiency.

Thiamine

The most effective cure(s) for a hangover is/are __________.

Time

A man who is a chronic heavy drinker faces the risk of fathering children with birth defects. True or False?

True

Alcohol can be used to treat chronic pain in cancer patients. True or False?

True

Alcohol is often used in cough syrups because it is an excellent solvent. True or False?

True

Alcohol will erase its own hangover symptoms. True or False?

True

Americans drank more alcohol per capita in 1830 than they drink today. True or False?

True

Chronic heavy drinking can lead to a weakening of the immune system. True or False?

True

Findings suggest that there is a genetic predisposition to some types of alcohol dependence. True or False?

True

Grayouts probably reflect state-dependent learning. True or False?

True

The elderly are more at risk for negative consequences when they drink. True or False?

True