PHYS 104 - Master HW set
Suzie Skydiver, who weighs 500 N, reaches terminal velocity of 90 km/h. The air resistance on Suzie is then
500N
The Doppler effect is
A shift in wavelength (and therefore frequency or pitch) of a source moving relative to an observer
Newton's First Law
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
How are resonant frequencies determined?
By the frequency of the possible STANDING WAVES that can fit i/on the object producing the sound (eg. strings, column of air, etc)
Boyle's law
PV = PV
Electric power equation
Power = current x voltage Unit: watts
My red shirt is ____ red light and ____ all other colors
REFLECTS, ABSORBS
Additive primary colors are
RGB
When a ball on a string is pulled slowly, which string breaks first?
The top string breaks because it is experiencing the applied force and the hanging weight
The color black is
The absence of color
If you use sandpaper on some rusty metal, the sandpaper gets hot. Why?
Friction is creating heat
Amplitude is the
Height of a wave
Refraction of a light happens when light undergoes
a change of speed between two materials
Mechanical waves require _____ in order to move
a medium
EM/light waves do not require
a medium to travel (unlike sound waves)
A periodic motion is
a motion that repeats itself
What CANNOT transmit sound?
a perfect vacuum (sound cannot move through empty space)
Sound waves cannot travel in
a vacuum
The intensity of sound depends on ______ of the pressure variations within a sound wave
amplitude
When sound is REFRACTED
direction of the energy wave changes
In a series circuit, the voltage across a series circuit _____ among the individual lights
divides
Metal detectors are an example of
eddy currents
Which of the following produces an image that is NOT a real image? a. The lens of a human eye b. A plane (flat) mirror c. The lens in a movie theater projector d. A camera lens
b. A plane (flat) mirror
A coil of wire is moved through magnetic field. Which of the following will increase the voltage (and in turn the current) that is produced? a. Slower speed of the moving coil of wire. b. Increased strength of the magnetic field. c. Fewer loops in the coil. d. All of the above will increase the voltage produced
b. Increased strength of the magnetic field
What an object is partly or holy immersed in a liquid, it is buoyed up by what
by a force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
The Doppler effect is concerned with changes in wave ______
frequency
The number of vibrations (or cycles) that occur in one second is called
frequency
When you shuffle your feet on a carpet on a dry day, you can accumulate a charge. The carpet is transferring charge by
friction
Two balls collide. Ball A collides with Ball B at rest. The momentum of Ball B ___
increases
The phenomenon of beats is the result of sound
interference
What is fundamental frequency?
lowest frequency
Green complementary color
magenta
The south magnetic pole is ____ charged
positive
Cycle is
one complete vibration
When the force and the time of contact during a collision are both doubled, the impulse on an object is
quadrupled
Good conductors conduct heat _____
quickly
Which type of heating causes a sunburn?
radiation
Areas of low sound wave particles are known as
rarefractions
If a red ball is lit with a red light, red light is _____
reflected
Boats use sonar and echolocation use ______ to detect objects underwater
reflection
Transverse waves move in a _____ to _____ movement
side to side
A step up transformer can increase
voltage
Suppose you apply a flame to 1L of water for a certain time and its temperature rises by 2C. If you apply the same flame for the same amount of time to 2L of water, by how much will its temperature rise?
1C
A scale from which a rock is suspended reads 5N when out of the water and 3N when the rock is submerged. Buoyant force on the rock is what
2N
Suppose you hike a distance of 1 km in a time of 1/2 hr. Then your average speed is
2km/hr
Two balls collide (same mass). Ball A collides with Ball B at rest. If the velocity of ball A prior to the collision is V = 10m/s, what is the speed of ball A and B combined after the collision?
5 m/s
A mosquito flying at 3 m/s that encounters a breeze blowing at 3 m/s in the same direction has a speed of
6 m/s
A projectile is launched from the ground at 15° above the horizontal in Lansdowne range what other projection angle for the same speed would produce the same down range distance
75
If a pipe is CLOSED at both ends, what does this mean about the wavelength and frequency
Allowed wavelengths depend on the length of the pipe Different frequencies/pitches than open pipe
How do we change pitch?
Altering the size, the tightness or the mass of the vibrating object
In Newton's third law of motion (action and reaction)
Always act on DIFFERENT objects
What is changed by destructive interference of a sound wave?
Amplitude
High tides occur place when
Both the moon faces the place and when the moon is on the opposite side of the earth from that last place
How can we describe pitch?
By its frequency
While pulling a pan of bread out of the oven, the pan slips from your pot holder and burns your finger. In this instance, how was heat transferred from the pan to your finger? Conduction, convection or radiation?
Conduction
The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of
Conservation of Energy
A satellite in circular orbit travels at a ______ speed, and a satellite in an elliptical orbit travels at a _____ speed
Constant, variable
Wave interference types
Constructive and destructive
The distance between two charged objects is
Coulomb's Law
Ohm's Law
Current = voltage / resistance
White light - red light + cyan light = _____ light
Cyan
A small sports car and a large SUV collide head-on. Which vehicle experiences the larger force during the collision? Acceleration?
Equal force, but the sports car accelerates more due to the smaller mass
An object resting on a surface will topple over if it's center of gravity
Extends beyond the support base
Newton's Second Law
F=ma
T/F: Heat and temperature are a measure of the same thing
False
How to charge an object
Friction, contact with charge object, or induction
How are gamma rays different from radio waves? (in regard to energy and wavelength)
Gamma rays have higher energy and shorter wavelength than radio waves
A helium filled balloon hovers and air. The pressure of the atmosphere against the bottom of the balloon must be
Greater than the pressure against the top
Second Law of Thermo
Heat never flows from a cold to a hot object spontaneously
How many times louder is heavy traffic than a library? Library: 40 decibels, 1x10^-8 Heavy Traffic: 70 dB, 1x10^-5
Heavy traffic is 1000 times louder than a library
If the moon had twice as much mass and still orbits the earth at the same distance, ocean bulges on the earth would be smaller or larger
Larger
Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats which means it's density is what compared to water
Less than the density of water
What are two kinds of waves
Longitudinal waves and traverse waves
Waves in air?
Longitudinal waves only
Earth is presently accelerating towards the sun (centripetal acceleration). If the sun collapsed into a black hole this acceleration would Increase decrease or remain the same
Remain the same because the Sun is very far away from the earth
Put an ice cube in a glass of water melts, what happens to the water level
Remains the same
What is the rock thrown upward 50° to the horizontal rises, neglecting air drag, it's horizontal component of velocity Decreases, increases, increases then decreases or remains the same?
Remains the same
A rock is thrown into a lake. As the rock sinks the buoyant force on it
Remains the same as it gets deeper
The Tacoma Narrows Bridge, musical instruments, and making crystal stemware "sing" are all examples of
Resonance
If you want to move heat from a region of cooler temperature to a region of warmer temperature, you must supply energy. Which law explains this?
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Electric circuits are connected in two common ways
Series: forms a single pathway for electron flow between the terminals of a battery, generator, or wall outlet Parallel: forms branches, each of which is a separate path for the flow of electrons
When comparing pitch, does a shorter or longer string produce a LOWER pitch
The LONGER string
As the balloon rises, what happens to the buoyant force on it?
The buoyant force gets smaller
Centripetal force does no work on the circularly moving object because
The centripetal force acts in a direction perpendicular to motion
Einstein's theory of general relativity says that the more correct way to think about gravity is
The consequence of the curvature of space-time
Resultant Vector?
The sum of two or more vectors For vectors in the same direction, add, in different directions subtract. use Pythagorean theorem (R^2 = V^2 + H^2)
A wave period is
The time interval it takes for one complete wave/cycle
Suppose you are standing on a scale in an elevator that is accelerating upward. The reading on the scale is ___ the reading when you are stationary a > b. < c. =
a. >
A scientific law can be expressed as an equation a written concept a graph all the above
all the above
A conductor is made of material that
allows electric charge to move through it easily
Newton's third law of motion states that forces occur in matched pairs that I can opposite directions between two bodies. This happens _______
always
When you do work on something, you give it energy
always
The loudness of a sound is most closely related to its
amplitude
Inertia
an object resist changes in motion
If an astronaut floating in outer space throws a tool away, the tool and the astronaut will both move
away from each other but at different speeds
Yellow complementary color
blue
Which is a scientific hypothesis? a. Albert Einstein was the greatest physicist of the 20th century. b. Space is permeated with an essence that is undetectable. c. Atoms are the smallest possible particles of matter that exist.
c
The higher one goes into the atmosphere, the lower the a. atmospheric pressure b. density of air c. both
c. Both
Shape of all orbits is
ellipse
If a hot air-balloon hovers at a fixed altitude, the net weight of the balloon must be
equal to the weight of the displaced air
When two children of different weights balance on a seesaw, they each produce
equal-magnitude torques in opposite directions
When the temperature increases, most solids and liquids will
expand
A controlled experiments comparing two situations has all identical influencing factors except the ...
experimental variable
Earth is closer to the sun in January then in July. Therefore, a. Earth travels faster in its orbit around the sun in July than in January b. It is summer in January and winter in July c. Earth travels faster and its orbit around the sun in January than in July
c. Earth travels faster and its orbit around the sun in January than in July
Aristotle and his followers for many centuries thought Earth was at rest at the center of the universe because a. Earth moves in a perfect circle. b. Earth moves in an elliptical path about the Sun. c. Humans experience no sensation of a moving Earth. d. Earth rotates about its axis.
c. Humans experience no sensation of a moving Earth.
The phase change from ice to liquid water takes place at
constant temperature
Van de Graaff generator charges by
contact
The specific heat capacity for aluminum is more than twice that of copper. If equal quantities of heat are given to equal masses of aluminum and copper, the metal that more rapidly increases in temperature is
copper
In parallel circuits, the total ______ in the circuit divides among the parallel branches, and as the number of branches is increased, the overall _____ decreases
current resistance
A model is... a. a sketch of something complex used to solve problems. b. an interpretation of a theory by use of an equation. c. a physical copy of an object or system made at a smaller scale. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The magnitude of the magnetic force on a charge depends on a. the magnitude of the magnetic field. b. the velocity of the particle. c. the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field. d. All of the above.
d. all of the above
When evaporation occurs in a dish of water, the molecules left behind in the water a. are less energetic b. result in lowered temperature c. have decreased average speeds d. all of these
d. all of these
overtones/harmonics
higher frequencies that can also "fit" on the medium
As the swings road starts to rotate, the swings move outward. What is the cause of this at word motion?
inertia
When you whirl a tin can in a horizontal circle overhead, the force that holds the can in the circular path acts in what direction
inward
For an electric field, negative charges point ______ and positive charges point _______
inward, outward
As a parcel of air is swept upward, with no heat input or output, its temperature
is lowered
Suppose an object is moving at 10m/s and equal forces are applied. After a few seconds how does the velocity change
it doesn't, it remains at 10 m/s
The cheese on a hot pizza takes a long time to cool because
it has a high specific heat capacity
The greatest expansion of water is when
it turns to ice
If energy is dissipated by the current what happens to the pendulum as it swings through the magnet?
it will slow down
Magnetic domains
magnetized clusters of ALIGNED magnetic atoms
Which never changes? mass or weight
mass
Amplitude is
maximum distance from midpoint
Nets used to catch falling boulders on the side of rocky hillside roadways are more effective than rigid fences because their breakage is reduced by
more time to change the momentum of falling rocks
According to the definition of work, pushing on a rock accomplishes no work unless there is
movement
All magnetic fields are created by ____ charges
moving
Magnetism is an effect created by
moving charges
Earth pulls on the Moon with a certain force. The acceleration of the Moon is _____ compared to the acceleration of the Earth due to this interaction.
much greater
The north magnetic pole is ____ charged
negatively
While a car travels around a circular track at a constant speed, its velocity is ___ and acceleration is ____
nonzero, nonzero
In the core of the sun, nuclear fusion convert _____ energy into _____ energy
nuclear, radiant
Loudness is
our perception of the AMPLITUDE of a sound wave
Pitch is
our perception of the FREQUENCY of a sound wave
The quarterback throws a football up at an angle of 45° the shape of its path is what
parabola
For vectors that don't act in the same or opposite direction
parallelogram rule If there's two vectors 90* from each other, R = F1 + F2
Cyan complementary color
red
White light passes through a magenta filter. The remaining light then passes through a yellow filter. What color remains?
red
When snow forms in clouds, the water vapor in the clouds changes to the ____ phase. In this process, the surrounding air is _____
solid warmed (energy is released)
____ media can transmit sound better than ____ and _____
solid, liquids, gases
Transverse waves will only move through a. solids b. gases c. liquids d. all of the above
solids
Longitudinal waves can move through ____, ____ or ____
solids liquids or gases
Earth has a magnetic field, where the North magnetic field is the same as the _______ geographic pole
south
Two factors that greatly affect air resistance on falling objects are frontal surface area and _______
speed
A block is compressed against a spring and speeds off when released. As this happens, _____ energy turns into ____ energy
spring potential, kinetic
Eddy currents are
the "swirling" electrical currents that are induced in a sheet of conducting material when it is subjected to a changing magnetic field.
A light person and a heavy person jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will reach their terminal velocity first?
the lighter person
Troughs are
the lows of waves
Wind is
the movement of air from high to low pressure
Frequency is
the number of cycles per second
Harmonics are = to
the number of nodes
A neutral atom has
the same number of electrons and protons
The direction of the electric field is
toward all negative charges
When you say momentum is conserved, you mean that
when external impulses don't occur, a system's momentum remains the same before and after an interaction.
Magenta light + Yellow light + Cyan light = _______ light
white
When two colors are complementary, they make ____
white
A room light _____ light
EMITS
Sound waves are ____ waves
longitudinal
Crests are
the highs of waves
Period
time needed to complete one cycle
Transformers equation (power in = power out)
(voltage x current)primary = (voltage x current)secondary
How do you make a permanent magnet?
- Placing pieces of iron or similar material in a strong magnetic field - stroking material with a magnet to align the domains
Newton's Third Law
"Law of Action and Reaction" For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton's first law
"Law of Inertia" Every object continues in a state of rest or uniform speed in a straight line unless acted on by a nonzero net force
A voltage (and thus current) can be induced in a conductor in three ways
1. vary the magnetic field 2. vary the area of the coil 3. rotate the coil in the magnetic field
A piston an airtight pump is withdrawn so that the volume of the air in the chamber is increased by three times. What is the change in pressure?
1/3 as much
According to Newton, when the distance between two interacting objects doubles, the gravitational force is
1/4
A black hole is created when a star collapses. Assuming no change in mass when the stars radius has shrunk to 1/100th it's original diameter the force of gravity on its surface will be
10,000 times as much
What is the weight of water displaced by 100 ton floating ship
100 tons
When you walk at an average speed of 4 m/s, in 5 s you'll cover a distance of
20 m/s
2. An apple falls from a tree and hits the ground 2 s below with a speed of about
20m/s
An organ pipe that is open at both ends has a length is 2 m long. What is the wavelength of fundamental frequency of this pipe?
4 m
On a cold day, the air has a temperature near the surface of a lake of -15C. This has caused the upper surface of a lake to freeze. What is the temperature at the bottom of a lake?
4C
If a ball rolls down an inclined plane and picks up 4 m/s each second it rolls, its acceleration is
4m/s^2
Counting thunder: For every ____ seconds of delay, there is mile of distance
5
To estimate the distance in miles of a flash of lightning, count the number of seconds between seeing the flash and hearing the accompanying thunder, then divide by __
5
An organ pipe that is open at both ends has a length is 2 m long. The pipe is then closed at one end. What is the wavelength of the fundamental frequency when this pipe is closed?
8m
Suppose you blow across bottles A, B, C, each containing a different amount of water. Rank the pitch of sound for each, from highest to lowest. Glass A: 3/4th full Glass B: 1/4th full Glass C: 1/2 full
A C B
Galileo's concept of inertia
A moving object needs no force to keep it moving
His motion experiments led to the discovery that
A moving object needs no force to keep it moving (in the absence of friction)
What is resonance?
A phenomenon in which the frequency of forced vibrations on an object matches the object's natural frequency
Transformers only work with ______
AC
DC and AC are different in that
AC charges change direction creating an electric field, and DC does not
Ear plugs make sound that reeaches the eardrum softer because they ________ incoming sound?
Absorb
Compressing or expanding a gas while no heat enters or leaves the system is an ______
Adiabatic process
The flight of a blimp best illustrates
Archimedes principle
As the balloon rises, how does the atmospheric pressure from the outside change
As it rises, the atmospheric pressure gets lower
Bernoulli's Principle
As the speed of a fluid increases, pressure of the fluid decreases
The rotational inertia of an object is greater when most of the mass is located
Away from the rotational axis (farther from the center of rotation)
If the pitch of a car appears to decrease to a lower pitch, then the car is moving towards or away from you?
Away from you
If a red rose is hit with cyan light, what will you see
BLACK cyan does not contain red, so no light will be absorbed
White light passes through a cyan filter. What colors remain?
Blue and Green
When a standing wave is set up on a string, what is true about the nodes and the fundamental frequency?
Both ends/nodes are fixed The fundamental frequency is the length of the string, and the length of the string is HALF the wavelength of the fundamental frequency
units of the magnetic field
Tesla
In a hydraulic-press operation, it is impossible for the a. Output displacement to exceed the input displacement b. Force output to exceed the force input c. Energy output to exceed the energy input d. I'll clip system speed to exceed the inputs piston speed
C. Energy output to exceed the energy input (cannot create energy)
A same-size iron ball and wooden ball are dropped simultaneously from a tower and reach the ground at the same time. The iron ball has greater a. speed b. acceleration c. momentum d. all of the above e. none of the above
C. momentum
Subtractive primary colors
CMY
When a sample of 0C water is heated, it first ______
CONTRACTS (until it reaches 4C and expands)
Which of the following is an instrument whose sound is not produced by a vibrating column of air? a. Clarinet b. Organ c. Trumpet d. Cello
Cello
If you bring a charged object near a conducting surface, electrons are made to move in the surface material, even without physical contact. What is this describing?
Charging by induction
A point charge closer or farther creates a larger value?
Closer
Doppler effect: If a car is honking and driving at the same time, the waves infront of them are
Closer together than the waves behind the car
An insulator is made of material that
DOES NOT allow electric charge to move through it easily
Is water in a confined pipe speeds up, the pressure it exerts against the inner walls of the pipe increases or decreases,?
Decreases
White light can be separated into its component colors. This is a process known as
Dispersion
Wavelength
Distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next crest, or distance between successive identical parts of the wave
When a sample of 4C water is cooled, it _____
EXPANDS (part of the water will crystallize and occupy more space)
Natural frequency is dependent on
Elasticity and shape of object
James Clerk Maxwell discovered that light is composed of what kind of waves
Electromagnetic waves
When a loop of wire is moved through a magnetic field or when magnetic field lines are moved across a loop of wire
Electrons are pushed toward one end of the wire
Kilowatt-hour is a unit of
Energy
Electromagnetic induction
If currents (moving charge) create magnetic fields, moving magnetic fields create current
What is needed to change a proportionality statement into an equation?
Include a constant of proportionality
When the distance between two stars decreases by 1/3 the force between them
Increases to nine times as much
How is voltage increased?
Increasing the number of loops of wire in a coil or increasing the speed of the magnet entering or leaving the coil
What kind of radiation do humans give off?`
Infrared
We humans cannot hear what kind of sound?
Infrasonic or ultrasonic
A proportional relationship that is represented by the symbols "a ∝ 1/b" means...
Inverse proportion
Noise
Irregular vibration
What happens to the entropy of the UNIVERSE when water freezes?
It increases
Absolute zero is based on the ______ temperature scale
Kelvin
Red light + Blue light = _____ light
Magenta
Aristotle believed that "a body in motion can..."
Maintain this motion only if it remains in contact with a mover
When you toss a projectile horizontally it curves as it falls. It will be an earth satellite if the curve it makes
Matches the curvature of the earth
Ultrasound is made of what kind of waves
Multiple reflection and refractions of ultrasonic waves
Are subtractive colors are/are not a part of the visible spectrum
NOT
The best time for digging clams (when the low tide is extra low) is during the time of the
New or full moon
Conservation of Momentum is a consequence of
Newton's Third Law
If the Moon blew up, would we hear it on Earth? Why or why not?
No, because sound waves have no medium through which to travel between Earth and the Moon
Does power output change in transformers?
No. power in=power out
What happens when the slotted conductor swings through the magnet?
Nothing
Air resistance depends on what
Objects speed and frontal surface area
When sound wave encounters a boundary, it can be _____, _____ or ______
Reflected, refracted or absorbed
The magnetic force on a moving charge is greatest when
Particle movement is PERPENDICULAR to the magnetic field lines, and there is NO force when particle movement is PARALLEL to the magnetic field
Beats are
Periodic variations in the loudness of sound due to interference
Whats the difference between a permanent and a temporary magnet?
Permanent: alignment of domains remains once external magnetic field is removed Temporary magnet: alignment of domains returns to random arrangement once external magnetic field is removed
How to increase magnetic field?
Piece of iron, increase current, increase number of coils
Musical tone has what three characteristics
Pitch, Intensity and Quality/timbre
Antinode
Point of constructive interference; regions of maximum displacement
What's the difference between energy and power
Power is the RATE at which energy is used, so its units are a unit of energy/time
If a pipe is open at both ends, the ends are then ______ and ______
Pressure nodes and displacement antinodes
Transformer equation
Primary voltage / # of primary turns = secondary voltage / # of secondary turns
Two identical golf carts move at different speeds. The faster cart has twice the speed and therefore has
QUADRUPLE the kinetic energy (remember KE = 1/2mv^2)
Magenta and yellow pigment are mixed in equal amounts on white paper and are illuminated by white light. What color is perceived by the viewer?
Red
Echolocation is made of what kind of sound?
Reflected sound
To increase an applied force while using a simple hydraulic lift, your first should be applied to the smaller or larger diameter piston
Smaller
What does it mean when sound is transmitted?
Sound waves are going through the material
A transformer is a step up if ??? Step down if ???
Step up: Number of coils in secondary is greater than primary Step down: vice versa
Dan and Sue cycle at the same speed. The tires on Dan's bike are larger in diameter than those on Sue's bike. Which wheels, if either, have the greater rotational speed?
Sue's wheels (smaller diameter wheels travel faster)
Your sensation of weight is caused by what
Support forces
A handsaw creates sound with an intensity of about 85dB. How does this compare to the sound created by normal talking? Handsaw: 85 dB Normal talking: 65 dB
Talking is 100x softer than a handsaw
Superposition principle
The displacement due to the interference of waves is determined by adding the disturbances produced by each wave
The signal of a radio is blocked out when the radio is put in a Faraday cage because
The electric field inside a Faraday cage is zero, and radio waves are made up partly of ELECTRIC fields
Suppose you have two particles with equal charge and you increase the distance between the charges by a factor of 2. what happens to the force?
The force decreases by a factor of 4
Suppose you have two particles with equal charge and you increase both charges by a factor of 2 AND increase the distance by a factor of 2. what happens to the force?
The force does not change
Suppose you have two particles with equal charge and increase one charge by a factor of two. what happens to the force?
The force increases by a factor of 2
Suppose you have two particles with equal charge and you increase both charges by a factor of 2. what happens to the force?
The force increases by a factor of 4
How does the current induced in the coil change if a stronger magnet is used?
The induced current becomes stronger
How does the current induced in the coil change if the same magnet is moved through the coil faster?
The induced current becomes stronger
If you drop a magnet through a coil of wire, north pole first, you will induce an electrical current. What happens if you drop the same magnet
The induced current will be the same but will be in the opposite direction
When a ball on a string is pulled quickly, which string breaks first?
The lower string breaks first
Which is most responsible for the earths ocean tides
The moon
If a pipe is closed at ONE end, what does this mean about the pressure and displacement nodes?
The open end = pressure node (and displacement antinodes) open = PNAD The closed end = displacement node (and a pressure antinode) closed = DNAP
An organ pipe that is open at both ends has a length is 2 m long. What happens to the pitch of the note played by this pipe when it is closed?
The pitch goes down when it is closed at one end
How does the pitch of an open pipe change if it is closed at one end?
The sound appears to have a HIGHER pitch
Birds on a power line don't experience shock because ______
Their feet are close together on the wire. The voltage difference between feet is very small, so virtually no current goes through them
A ball rolls off the edge of a table at the same time another ball drops vertically from the same table. The ball to hit the floor first is the
They both hit at the same time
What are tidal forces
Unequal forces acting on different parts of a body
The quarterback for the football up the angle of 45°. At the highest point its trajectory, what is velocity and acceleration
Velocity is zero and acceleration is non-zero
Longitudinal waves are
Vibration direction PARALLEL
Transverse waves are
Vibration direction PERPENDICULAR
Electric Potential is in _____ unit
Voltage
As the balloon rises, what happens to its volume?
Volume increases
A completely submerged object always displaces it's own
Volume of fluid
Adam sticker at the bottom and then at the top mainly because
Water pressure increases with depth
What is sound
Waves produced by vibrations of matter
For free fall, what is acceleration ALWAYS
a = 10m/s^2
If you increase the decibel by 10, you increase the intensity by _____
a FACTOR of 10
Destructive interference
When the crest if one wave overlaps the trough of another, the high part of one wave fils in the low part of another wave, and this results in a LOWER amplitude
Constructive interference
When the crest of one wave overlaps with the crest of another, they add and their amplitude is increased
Does the doppler effect occur when the observer is moving and the source is stationary?
Yes, the effect is the same
A vibration is
a rapid back and forth movement
A golf ball rolls across the grass, coming to a stop just before reaching the hole. How would Galileo have interpreted this behavior? a. Because it encounters friction from the grass, the ball slows to a stop. b. Once the ball loses contact with the club that hit it, it no longer has a force to maintain its motion. c. The ball is seeking its natural state, to be at rest. d .The ball encounters opposition from the air, causing it to slow to a stop.
a. Because it encounters friction from the grass, the ball slows to a stop
Newton was the first to realize that a. Gravity pulls on an apple in the same way that gravity pulls on the moon b. Gravity is a force that obeys his three laws c. Gravity pulls objects to the ground d. Gravity pulls an apple to the ground, but gravity does not pull on the moon in the same way because if it did the moon would crash into the earth
a. Gravity pulls on an apple in the same way that gravity pulls on the moon
Which of the following illustrates water experiencing an increase in entropy? a. Liquid water evaporating into steam b. Liquid water freezing c. Liquid water cooling down, but remaining a liquid d. None of the above
a. Liquid water evaporating into steam
The ideal gas law states that PV = nRT where P = pressure, V = volume, n = number of moles, T = temp and R is a constant. This relationship states that when other parameters (n,R,T) are held constant... a. pressure is directly proportional to volume b. pressure is inversely proportional to volume c. None of the above.
a. Pressure is directly proportional to volume
When astronaut on the international space station experiences weightlessness they are a. Still under the influence of earths gravity b. Beyond the pull of earths gravity c. Experience a zero net force because the force on them from the earth equals the force on them from the moon
a. Still under the influence of earths gravity
The magnetic field of the Earth acts as if it originates from a giant bar magnet within the Earth. Which of the following statements about the Earth's magnetic field is true? a. The Earth's north geographic pole is a magnetic south pole. b. The south magnetic pole of the Earth is located at the Earth's geographic South Pole. c. The Earth's magnetic field is vertical at the equator. d. The Earth's magnetic field is stronger at the equator than it is at the poles. e. none of these statements are true.
a. The Earth's north geographic pole is a magnetic south pole.
You are sitting on an airplane that is landing. When the plane touches down, strong brakes are applied to greatly reduce its speed. In the process, you feel yourself moving forward relative to your seat on the plane. Why? a. Your body is continuing to move forward as it was before the brakes were applied. b. Your natural state is to be at rest, and your inertia is resisting that. c. Your body is resisting the transition from the element of air to earth. d. There is a force on you from your seat, pushing you forward.
a. Your body is continuing to move forward as it was before the brakes were applied.
A wire that is carrying current has a magnetic field around it because a. a moving charge produces a magnetic field of its own. b. the metal was magnetic before the current was established, and the current enhanced the magnetic effect. c. the current aligns the magnetic domains in the metal of the wire. d. None of the above is correct.
a. a moving charge produces a magnetic field of its own.
A skydiver's terminal velocity will be greatest if she falls a. head first b. lying on her back c. lying on her stomach d. with her parachute open
a. head first
If an object has no acceleration, then we can say for certain that it is a. in equilibrium b. moving at a constant, nonzero velocity c. at rest
a. in equilibrium
Magnetic fields affect a. only electric charges in motion. b. both electric charges in motion and electric charges at rest. c. only electric charges at rest. d. neither electric charges in motion nor electric charges at rest.
a. only electric charges in motion
A magnetic force acting on a moving beam of electrons can change a. only the direction of the beam. b. only the kinetic energy of the electrons. c. both the direction and the kinetic energy. d. neither the direction and the kinetic energy.
a. only the direction of the beam
A boy pushes off the ground with his foot. He and the skateboard accelerate down the sidewalk due to the force of a. the ground exerts against his foot. b. he exerts against the ground. c. between the skateboard wheels and the ground.
a. the ground exerts against his foot.
Two different hypotheses are developed to explain why balls bounce. Experiments using basketballs show each hypothesis works equally well. To decide which one is more likely to be correct, you could a. try an experiment using baseballs. b. find out which one was developed by the more educated person. c. ask three physicists and choose the hypothesis that got the most votes. d. use the one that involved more mathematics. e. Any of the above could be done.
a. try an experiment using baseballs
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes are sensitive to (ie we can see) is a. visible light. b. radio waves. c. infrared light. d. gamma rays. e. More than one of the above.
a. visible light.
Subtractive colors are created by
absorbing (subtracting) some colors and reflecting others (start with white)
When an object moves fast enough, air resistance builds up to equal gravity. When this happens, what is their acceleration
acceleration is zero and they fall with a constant speed
When launching rockets into the sky, the rockets which will reach the greatest maximum height are solely dependent on ____________, and independent of ___________
acceleration, mass
Additive colors are created by
adding color to black
Light is _____ and pigment is ______
additive, subtractive
The color white is made up of
all colors
The center of gravity of an object a. always lies outside the object b. May or may not lie inside the object c. Always lies inside the object d. Is near the center of mass
b. May or may not lie inside the object
A golf ball rolls across the grass, coming to a stop just before reaching the hole. How would Aristotle have interpreted this behavior? a. The ball encounters opposition from the air, causing it to slow to a stop. b. The ball is seeking its natural state, to be at rest. c. Because it encounters friction from the grass, the ball slows to a stop. d. Once the ball loses contact with the club that hit it, it no longer has a force to maintain its motion.
b. The ball is seeking its natural state to be at rest
When a watermelon is in free fall, its ______ is constant a. velocity b. acceleration c. distance moved each second d. none of the above
b. acceleration
The magnetic field lines about a current-carrying wire formI a. radial lines. b. circles. c. spirals. d. eddy currents.
b. circles
When dishes remain on a table when you yank away a tablecloth, you're illustrating a. ΣF = 0 b. inertia. c. friction. d. constant motion.
b. inertia
A standing wave is produced by reflected waves undergoing a. changes in frequency b. interference c. changes in amplitude d. doppler shifts
b. interference
Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the mathematical relationship between the net force on an object (F), its mass (m), and its acceleration (a) is F = ma. In this relationship, acceleration is _____ to its mass. a. directly proportional b. inversely proportional c. None of the above.
b. inversely proportional
Sound travels fastest in a. air b. steel c. a vacuum d. water e. same speed in all the above
b. steel
A boulder falls due to gravity. The reaction to the force on the boulder is a. air resistance. b. the boulder pulling up on the Earth. c. the boulder being pulled by downward by Earth.
b. the boulder pulling up on the earth
A ball is thrown upwards and returns to the same location. Compared with its initial speed its speed when it returns is about a. half as much. b. the same. c. twice as much. d four times as much
b. the same
What happens to the poles of a magnetic if you break the magnet in half? a. A current is induced in the magnet. b. The north and south poles are separated, creating two magnetic monopoles. c. Two new magnets are created, each with a north and south pole. d. The magnetic field lines break, releasing energy.
c. Two new magnets are created, each with a north and south pole.
The electromagnetic spectrum is a span of electromagnetic waves ranging from very low to very high frequencies. Which of the following occupies the smallest percentage of the electromagnetic spectrum a. Radio Waves b. Microwaves c. Visible light d. Gamma rays e. X-rays
c. Visible light
You are moving a grocery cart at a constant speed in a straight line down the aisle of a grocery store. In this situation, the forces on the cart are a. unbalanced, with the net force being in the direction of movement. b. equal to the force of gravity acting on the cart. c. balanced, with a net force of zero. d. greater than than the frictional forces opposing the motion of the cart.
c. balanced, with a net force of zero.
Water at 4C will expand when it is slightly a. warmed b. coooled c. both
c. both
And egg rest at the bottom of a bowl filled with water. When salt is slowly added to the water the egg rises and floats for which we conclude a. Salt water is denser than freshwater b. Salt water is denser than an egg c. both a and b
c. both a and b
If the sun were twice as massive a. It's pull on earth with double b. The pull of the earth on the sun with double c. Both of these
c. both of these
The use of inclined planes for Galileo's experiments helped him to a. discover the concept of energy b. eliminate the acceleration of free fall. c. discover the property called inertia. d. discover the concept of momentum
c. discover the property called inertia.
If an object falling freely were somehow equipped with an odometer to measure the distance it travels, then the amount of distance it travels each succeeding second would be a. constant. b. less and less each second. c. greater than the second before. d. doubled.
c. greater than the second before.
The density of us emerge separate at rest is about the same as the density of a. iron b. a floating submarine c. water
c. water
Your friend says that impulse equals momentum. Your friend's statement is not correct, and the missing word is
change
If an object moves with constant acceleration, its velocity must
change by the same amount each second
Condensation
change of phase from gas --> liquid (opposite of evaporation)
Sublimation
change of phase from solid --> gas
A voltage will be induced in a wire loop when the magnetic field within that loop
changes
A charged rod polarizes bits of paper, paper becomes attracted to the rod. This is an example of
charge polarization
Resistors are
circuit elements that regulate current inside electrical devices
As an electric field becomes stronger, the field lines should be drawn
closer together
The areas of increased pressure on a sound wave are known as
compression
Areas of high sound wave particles are known as
compressions
Phil leans over the edge of a cliff and throws a rock upward at 5 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, one second later the rock's speed is a. zero b. 5 m/s c. 10 m/s d. 15 m/s
d. 15 m/s
A bar magnet and an electrically polarized object are placed next to each other on a table. What happens? a. The object and magnet accelerate toward each other until they touch and then they repel. b. The positive part of the object turns toward the north pole of the magnet. c. The positive part of the object turns toward the south pole of the magnet. d. Nothing happens
d. Nothing happens
A prism separates the colors of sunlight into a spectrum because a. each wavelength of light has its own index of refraction. b. longer wavelengths are refracted more than shorter wavelengths. c. red light is refracted the most, violet the least. d. all of the above are correct.
d. all are correct
Hubble's Law states that the farther a galaxy is away from us, the faster it is moving. This is referred to as a scientific LAW because a. the idea that the Universe is expanding was predicted by the Big Bang Theory, and once a theory is observationally confirmed it becomes a law. b. scientific observations cannot be argued, just as laws (in the legal sense) cannot be argued. c. a hypothesis that such a relationship existed was first theoretically proposed, then tested by other means; once the theory of the expanding Universe had not failed any further testing, it became a law. d. it states only an observed relationship between two quantities, but does not necessarily explain why the relationship exists.
d. it states only an observed relationship between two quantities, but does not necessarily explain why the relationship exists.
Which of these will roll down an incline fastest? a. hoop b. hollow ball c. disk d. solid ball
d. solid ball (object with mass close to center of rotation)
As you go up in elevation, the atmospheric pressure
decreases
Two balls collide. Ball A collides with Ball B at rest. What happens to the momentum of Ball A?
decreases
When the wind speeds up as it blows over the top of a hill, the atmospheric pressure thereq
decreases
When wind speeds up as it blows over the top of a hill, atmospheric pressure there increases, decreases, or isnt affected
decreases
When you squeeze in airfield party balloon you increase its Weight, density, volume, mass?
density
The direction of the electrical force between any two charged objects is
dependent on the sign of the charge on each object
A magnetic force can change the particles ____
direction ONLY
The equation for momentum is p=mv. How is momentum related to mass ?
directly proportional
The equation for an accelerating object starting from rest is ...
distance = 1/2 x a x t^2
Wavelength of sound is
distance between successive compressions and rarefactions
A positive charge is brought near a bar magnet and is released from rest. The magnetic force on the charge a. can only be attracted toward the N pole of the magnet. b. can only be attracted toward the S pole of the magnet. c. can be attracted to either pole of the magnet, depending which it is closer to. d. will be repeled by either pole of the magnet. e. There is no magnetic force on the charge.
e. There is no magnetic force on the charge.
Speed of sound is slowest in _____
gases
A book is sitting on the edge of a tall shelf. As it falls, its ____ energy is changed into ____ energy
gravitational, kinetic
The more coils a transformer's secondary wire has, the (greater/weaker) current it has
greater
The more coils a transformer's secondary wire has, the (greater/weaker) the voltage output
greater
If the mass of the earth somehow increased with no change in radius, your weight would increase or decrease?
increase
As a skydiver falls faster and faster through the air, air resistance ____, net force ______ and acceleration __________
increases, decreases, decreases
An iron cannonball and a tennis ball are dropped at the same time from the top of a building: Ignoring air resistance, at the instant before the balls hit the sidewalk, the heavier cannonball has greater a. kinetic energy b. velocity c. acceleration d. all the same
kinetic (NOT velocity or acceleration because these are the same for all objects in free fall)
To say that body A has a higher temperature than body B is to say that body A has more
kinetic energy per particle
A roller coaster coasts up a hill and slows down as ___________ energy is changed into ________ energy
kinetic, gravitational potential
When Josh applies the brakes to stop his bike, the brake pads change ________ energy into _____ energy
kinetic, thermal
A light person and a heavy person wish to parachute at equal terminal velocities. To do this, the heavier person use a parachute that is ____ than that of the lighter person.
larger
Statements describing how nature is observed to behave consistently time after time are called scientific....
laws
When a 20N object encounters 5N of air resistance, its acceleration is (less than/equal to/greater than) g?
less than g
Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is ___________.
less than that of plants
When an object is pushed across the floor at an increasing speed, the amount of friction between the object and the floor is
less than the pushing force
When two identical lamps in a parallel circuit are connected, the total resistance is ____
less than the resistance of EITHER lamp
To impress his friends while riding on a carnival Ferris wheel, Prankster Paul gets out of his chair and climbs along the spoke of the wheel toward its center while the wheel continues in uniform motion. While climbing toward the center, Paul's linear speed ____ and his rotational speed ____.
linear speed DECREASES and his rotational speed STAYS THE SAME
A wave with motion in the SAME direction as the direction that the wave is moving is classified as
longitudinal wave
The boiling point is _____ in places with a lower atmospheric pressure
lower
Node is
point of DESTRUCTIVE interference, regions of minimal or zero displacement
Can you stand on tiptoes on a bathroom scale there is an increase in the _______
pressure
In math and science the symbol "∝" has a meaning of
proportional to
If there's a color light that is not consistent with the color of the object, then the red ball will not _____ light and the ball will appear ____
reflect any black
A pencil is placed in a glass of water. The pencil appears to be bent. This is an example of
refraction
When steam condenses to water, energy is (released/absorbed) by the steam
released
Two balls collide. Ball A collides with Ball B at rest. Upon collision, the combined momentum of A+B ______
remains unchanged (because the increase in momentum of ball B and decrease in momentum of Ball A cancel each other)
The basic idea between an electrical generator is to create a current in a loop of wire by
rotating the wire in magnetic field
Consider two tubes filled with water at the same height, one with freshwater and the other with salt water. The pressure is greater at the bottom of the tube with _____.
saltwater
What happens to the brightness of the light build when more than one bulb is connected in series?
the bulbs become dimmer
Timbre is
the color of sound/quality
A light person and a heavy person jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will have a lower terminal velocity?
the light person
Sound from a moving source is
the doppler effect
Two identical freight cars roll without friction towards each other on a level track. One car rolls at 2 m/s and the other car rolls at 1 m/s. After the cars collide, they couple and roll together with a speed of
the faster car
No work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls along a bowling alley because
the gravitational force on the ball is not in the same direction that it moves
A charged comb attracts bits of neutral dust in the air. This happens because
the paper becomes polarized
When comparing the currents of series vs parallel circuits, the ____ circuit has a lower current than the _____ circuit
the parallel the series circuit
Timbre is determined by
the presence and relative intensity of the various partials
A ball is tossed into a bale of hay and comes to a stop. If instead, it comes to a stop when hitting a sticky solid wall, the impulse needed to stop it is
the same
A lunar vehicle is tested on Earth at a speed of 10 km/h. When it travels at the same speed on the moon, its momentum is
the same (mass doesnt change)
Suppose you are standing on a scale an elevator that is moving down a constant speed. The reading on the scale is ___ the reading when you are stationary
the same as
A ____ is a working hypothesis, based on experimental evidence that has not failed any crucial tests of its validity
theory
A wave with motion PERPENDICULAR to the direction that the wave is moving is classified as a
transverse wave
A 1000kg and a 2000kg car are hoisted up. In comparison to the lighter car, the heavier car requires how much more work?
twice
To correct a hyperopia (farsightedness), a corrective lens produces a (virtual/real) image at the person's (far point/near point)
virtual, near point
In parallel circuits, the ____ stays the same across each device
voltage
As a balloon rises higher and higher into the atmosphere, its ____ increases
volume (density decreases)
When sound is REFLECTED
wave bounces off, called an ECHO
When sound is ABSORBED
wave energy is transferred to the boundary and the wave goes away or is lessened
When the doppler source is moving toward you, the wave fronts are closer together, making you perceive a smaller ______ and hence a higher _______
wavelength, frequency
Weight is ...
weight = m x g
A hockey puck is sliding across the ice with a constant speed covering 20m in 2s. During this time, acceleration is
zero
The electric field inside a hollow conductor is
zero
When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is
zero
When a conductor is in electrostatic equilibrium, the net electric field inside is ____
zero think Faradays cage
A rock is thrown straight up. When it reaches its highest point, velocity is _______ and acceleration is ________
zero, nonzero
