PHYS 104 - Master HW set

Suzie Skydiver, who weighs 500 N, reaches terminal velocity of 90 km/h. The air resistance on Suzie is then

500N

The Doppler effect is

A shift in wavelength (and therefore frequency or pitch) of a source moving relative to an observer

Newton's First Law

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

How are resonant frequencies determined?

By the frequency of the possible STANDING WAVES that can fit i/on the object producing the sound (eg. strings, column of air, etc)

Boyle's law

PV = PV

Electric power equation

Power = current x voltage Unit: watts

My red shirt is ____ red light and ____ all other colors

REFLECTS, ABSORBS

Additive primary colors are

RGB

When a ball on a string is pulled slowly, which string breaks first?

The top string breaks because it is experiencing the applied force and the hanging weight

The color black is

The absence of color

If you use sandpaper on some rusty metal, the sandpaper gets hot. Why?

Friction is creating heat

Amplitude is the

Height of a wave

Refraction of a light happens when light undergoes

a change of speed between two materials

Mechanical waves require _____ in order to move

a medium

EM/light waves do not require

a medium to travel (unlike sound waves)

A periodic motion is

a motion that repeats itself

What CANNOT transmit sound?

a perfect vacuum (sound cannot move through empty space)

Sound waves cannot travel in

a vacuum

The intensity of sound depends on ______ of the pressure variations within a sound wave

amplitude

When sound is REFRACTED

direction of the energy wave changes

In a series circuit, the voltage across a series circuit _____ among the individual lights

divides

Metal detectors are an example of

eddy currents

Which of the following produces an image that is NOT a real image? a. The lens of a human eye b. A plane (flat) mirror c. The lens in a movie theater projector d. A camera lens

b. A plane (flat) mirror

A coil of wire is moved through magnetic field. Which of the following will increase the voltage (and in turn the current) that is produced? a. Slower speed of the moving coil of wire. b. Increased strength of the magnetic field. c. Fewer loops in the coil. d. All of the above will increase the voltage produced

b. Increased strength of the magnetic field

What an object is partly or holy immersed in a liquid, it is buoyed up by what

by a force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced

The Doppler effect is concerned with changes in wave ______

frequency

The number of vibrations (or cycles) that occur in one second is called

frequency

When you shuffle your feet on a carpet on a dry day, you can accumulate a charge. The carpet is transferring charge by

friction

Two balls collide. Ball A collides with Ball B at rest. The momentum of Ball B ___

increases

The phenomenon of beats is the result of sound

interference

What is fundamental frequency?

lowest frequency

Green complementary color

magenta

The south magnetic pole is ____ charged

positive

Cycle is

one complete vibration

When the force and the time of contact during a collision are both doubled, the impulse on an object is

quadrupled

Good conductors conduct heat _____

quickly

Which type of heating causes a sunburn?

radiation

Areas of low sound wave particles are known as

rarefractions

If a red ball is lit with a red light, red light is _____

reflected

Boats use sonar and echolocation use ______ to detect objects underwater

reflection

Transverse waves move in a _____ to _____ movement

side to side

A step up transformer can increase

voltage

Suppose you apply a flame to 1L of water for a certain time and its temperature rises by 2C. If you apply the same flame for the same amount of time to 2L of water, by how much will its temperature rise?

1C

A scale from which a rock is suspended reads 5N when out of the water and 3N when the rock is submerged. Buoyant force on the rock is what

2N

Suppose you hike a distance of 1 km in a time of 1/2 hr. Then your average speed is

2km/hr

Two balls collide (same mass). Ball A collides with Ball B at rest. If the velocity of ball A prior to the collision is V = 10m/s, what is the speed of ball A and B combined after the collision?

5 m/s

A mosquito flying at 3 m/s that encounters a breeze blowing at 3 m/s in the same direction has a speed of

6 m/s

A projectile is launched from the ground at 15° above the horizontal in Lansdowne range what other projection angle for the same speed would produce the same down range distance

75

If a pipe is CLOSED at both ends, what does this mean about the wavelength and frequency

Allowed wavelengths depend on the length of the pipe Different frequencies/pitches than open pipe

How do we change pitch?

Altering the size, the tightness or the mass of the vibrating object

In Newton's third law of motion (action and reaction)

Always act on DIFFERENT objects

What is changed by destructive interference of a sound wave?

Amplitude

High tides occur place when

Both the moon faces the place and when the moon is on the opposite side of the earth from that last place

How can we describe pitch?

By its frequency

While pulling a pan of bread out of the oven, the pan slips from your pot holder and burns your finger. In this instance, how was heat transferred from the pan to your finger? Conduction, convection or radiation?

Conduction

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of

Conservation of Energy

A satellite in circular orbit travels at a ______ speed, and a satellite in an elliptical orbit travels at a _____ speed

Constant, variable

Wave interference types

Constructive and destructive

The distance between two charged objects is

Coulomb's Law

Ohm's Law

Current = voltage / resistance

White light - red light + cyan light = _____ light

Cyan

A small sports car and a large SUV collide head-on. Which vehicle experiences the larger force during the collision? Acceleration?

Equal force, but the sports car accelerates more due to the smaller mass

An object resting on a surface will topple over if it's center of gravity

Extends beyond the support base

Newton's Second Law

F=ma

T/F: Heat and temperature are a measure of the same thing

False

How to charge an object

Friction, contact with charge object, or induction

How are gamma rays different from radio waves? (in regard to energy and wavelength)

Gamma rays have higher energy and shorter wavelength than radio waves

A helium filled balloon hovers and air. The pressure of the atmosphere against the bottom of the balloon must be

Greater than the pressure against the top

Second Law of Thermo

Heat never flows from a cold to a hot object spontaneously

How many times louder is heavy traffic than a library? Library: 40 decibels, 1x10^-8 Heavy Traffic: 70 dB, 1x10^-5

Heavy traffic is 1000 times louder than a library

If the moon had twice as much mass and still orbits the earth at the same distance, ocean bulges on the earth would be smaller or larger

Larger

Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats which means it's density is what compared to water

Less than the density of water

What are two kinds of waves

Longitudinal waves and traverse waves

Waves in air?

Longitudinal waves only

Earth is presently accelerating towards the sun (centripetal acceleration). If the sun collapsed into a black hole this acceleration would Increase decrease or remain the same

Remain the same because the Sun is very far away from the earth

Put an ice cube in a glass of water melts, what happens to the water level

Remains the same

What is the rock thrown upward 50° to the horizontal rises, neglecting air drag, it's horizontal component of velocity Decreases, increases, increases then decreases or remains the same?

Remains the same

A rock is thrown into a lake. As the rock sinks the buoyant force on it

Remains the same as it gets deeper

The Tacoma Narrows Bridge, musical instruments, and making crystal stemware "sing" are all examples of

Resonance

If you want to move heat from a region of cooler temperature to a region of warmer temperature, you must supply energy. Which law explains this?

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Electric circuits are connected in two common ways

Series: forms a single pathway for electron flow between the terminals of a battery, generator, or wall outlet Parallel: forms branches, each of which is a separate path for the flow of electrons

When comparing pitch, does a shorter or longer string produce a LOWER pitch

The LONGER string

As the balloon rises, what happens to the buoyant force on it?

The buoyant force gets smaller

Centripetal force does no work on the circularly moving object because

The centripetal force acts in a direction perpendicular to motion

Einstein's theory of general relativity says that the more correct way to think about gravity is

The consequence of the curvature of space-time

Resultant Vector?

The sum of two or more vectors For vectors in the same direction, add, in different directions subtract. use Pythagorean theorem (R^2 = V^2 + H^2)

A wave period is

The time interval it takes for one complete wave/cycle

Suppose you are standing on a scale in an elevator that is accelerating upward. The reading on the scale is ___ the reading when you are stationary a > b. < c. =

a. >

A scientific law can be expressed as an equation a written concept a graph all the above

all the above

A conductor is made of material that

allows electric charge to move through it easily

Newton's third law of motion states that forces occur in matched pairs that I can opposite directions between two bodies. This happens _______

always

When you do work on something, you give it energy

always

The loudness of a sound is most closely related to its

amplitude

Inertia

an object resist changes in motion

If an astronaut floating in outer space throws a tool away, the tool and the astronaut will both move

away from each other but at different speeds

Yellow complementary color

blue

Which is a scientific hypothesis? a. Albert Einstein was the greatest physicist of the 20th century. b. Space is permeated with an essence that is undetectable. c. Atoms are the smallest possible particles of matter that exist.

c

The higher one goes into the atmosphere, the lower the a. atmospheric pressure b. density of air c. both

c. Both

Shape of all orbits is

ellipse

If a hot air-balloon hovers at a fixed altitude, the net weight of the balloon must be

equal to the weight of the displaced air

When two children of different weights balance on a seesaw, they each produce

equal-magnitude torques in opposite directions

When the temperature increases, most solids and liquids will

expand

A controlled experiments comparing two situations has all identical influencing factors except the ...

experimental variable

Earth is closer to the sun in January then in July. Therefore, a. Earth travels faster in its orbit around the sun in July than in January b. It is summer in January and winter in July c. Earth travels faster and its orbit around the sun in January than in July

c. Earth travels faster and its orbit around the sun in January than in July

Aristotle and his followers for many centuries thought Earth was at rest at the center of the universe because a. Earth moves in a perfect circle. b. Earth moves in an elliptical path about the Sun. c. Humans experience no sensation of a moving Earth. d. Earth rotates about its axis.

c. Humans experience no sensation of a moving Earth.

The phase change from ice to liquid water takes place at

constant temperature

Van de Graaff generator charges by

contact

The specific heat capacity for aluminum is more than twice that of copper. If equal quantities of heat are given to equal masses of aluminum and copper, the metal that more rapidly increases in temperature is

copper

In parallel circuits, the total ______ in the circuit divides among the parallel branches, and as the number of branches is increased, the overall _____ decreases

current resistance

A model is... a. a sketch of something complex used to solve problems. b. an interpretation of a theory by use of an equation. c. a physical copy of an object or system made at a smaller scale. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The magnitude of the magnetic force on a charge depends on a. the magnitude of the magnetic field. b. the velocity of the particle. c. the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field. d. All of the above.

d. all of the above

When evaporation occurs in a dish of water, the molecules left behind in the water a. are less energetic b. result in lowered temperature c. have decreased average speeds d. all of these

d. all of these

overtones/harmonics

higher frequencies that can also "fit" on the medium

As the swings road starts to rotate, the swings move outward. What is the cause of this at word motion?

inertia

When you whirl a tin can in a horizontal circle overhead, the force that holds the can in the circular path acts in what direction

inward

For an electric field, negative charges point ______ and positive charges point _______

inward, outward

As a parcel of air is swept upward, with no heat input or output, its temperature

is lowered

Suppose an object is moving at 10m/s and equal forces are applied. After a few seconds how does the velocity change

it doesn't, it remains at 10 m/s

The cheese on a hot pizza takes a long time to cool because

it has a high specific heat capacity

The greatest expansion of water is when

it turns to ice

If energy is dissipated by the current what happens to the pendulum as it swings through the magnet?

it will slow down

Magnetic domains

magnetized clusters of ALIGNED magnetic atoms

Which never changes? mass or weight

mass

Amplitude is

maximum distance from midpoint

Nets used to catch falling boulders on the side of rocky hillside roadways are more effective than rigid fences because their breakage is reduced by

more time to change the momentum of falling rocks

According to the definition of work, pushing on a rock accomplishes no work unless there is

movement

All magnetic fields are created by ____ charges

moving

Magnetism is an effect created by

moving charges

Earth pulls on the Moon with a certain force. The acceleration of the Moon is _____ compared to the acceleration of the Earth due to this interaction.

much greater

The north magnetic pole is ____ charged

negatively

While a car travels around a circular track at a constant speed, its velocity is ___ and acceleration is ____

nonzero, nonzero

In the core of the sun, nuclear fusion convert _____ energy into _____ energy

nuclear, radiant

Loudness is

our perception of the AMPLITUDE of a sound wave

Pitch is

our perception of the FREQUENCY of a sound wave

The quarterback throws a football up at an angle of 45° the shape of its path is what

parabola

For vectors that don't act in the same or opposite direction

parallelogram rule If there's two vectors 90* from each other, R = F1 + F2

Cyan complementary color

red

White light passes through a magenta filter. The remaining light then passes through a yellow filter. What color remains?

red

When snow forms in clouds, the water vapor in the clouds changes to the ____ phase. In this process, the surrounding air is _____

solid warmed (energy is released)

____ media can transmit sound better than ____ and _____

solid, liquids, gases

Transverse waves will only move through a. solids b. gases c. liquids d. all of the above

solids

Longitudinal waves can move through ____, ____ or ____

solids liquids or gases

Earth has a magnetic field, where the North magnetic field is the same as the _______ geographic pole

south

Two factors that greatly affect air resistance on falling objects are frontal surface area and _______

speed

A block is compressed against a spring and speeds off when released. As this happens, _____ energy turns into ____ energy

spring potential, kinetic

Eddy currents are

the "swirling" electrical currents that are induced in a sheet of conducting material when it is subjected to a changing magnetic field.

A light person and a heavy person jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will reach their terminal velocity first?

the lighter person

Troughs are

the lows of waves

Wind is

the movement of air from high to low pressure

Frequency is

the number of cycles per second

Harmonics are = to

the number of nodes

A neutral atom has

the same number of electrons and protons

The direction of the electric field is

toward all negative charges

When you say momentum is conserved, you mean that

when external impulses don't occur, a system's momentum remains the same before and after an interaction.

Magenta light + Yellow light + Cyan light = _______ light

white

When two colors are complementary, they make ____

white

A room light _____ light

EMITS

Sound waves are ____ waves

longitudinal

Crests are

the highs of waves

Period

time needed to complete one cycle

Transformers equation (power in = power out)

(voltage x current)primary = (voltage x current)secondary

How do you make a permanent magnet?

- Placing pieces of iron or similar material in a strong magnetic field - stroking material with a magnet to align the domains

Newton's Third Law

"Law of Action and Reaction" For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Newton's first law

"Law of Inertia" Every object continues in a state of rest or uniform speed in a straight line unless acted on by a nonzero net force

A voltage (and thus current) can be induced in a conductor in three ways

1. vary the magnetic field 2. vary the area of the coil 3. rotate the coil in the magnetic field

A piston an airtight pump is withdrawn so that the volume of the air in the chamber is increased by three times. What is the change in pressure?

1/3 as much

According to Newton, when the distance between two interacting objects doubles, the gravitational force is

1/4

A black hole is created when a star collapses. Assuming no change in mass when the stars radius has shrunk to 1/100th it's original diameter the force of gravity on its surface will be

10,000 times as much

What is the weight of water displaced by 100 ton floating ship

100 tons

When you walk at an average speed of 4 m/s, in 5 s you'll cover a distance of

20 m/s

2. An apple falls from a tree and hits the ground 2 s below with a speed of about

20m/s

An organ pipe that is open at both ends has a length is 2 m long. What is the wavelength of fundamental frequency of this pipe?

4 m

On a cold day, the air has a temperature near the surface of a lake of -15C. This has caused the upper surface of a lake to freeze. What is the temperature at the bottom of a lake?

4C

If a ball rolls down an inclined plane and picks up 4 m/s each second it rolls, its acceleration is

4m/s^2

Counting thunder: For every ____ seconds of delay, there is mile of distance

5

To estimate the distance in miles of a flash of lightning, count the number of seconds between seeing the flash and hearing the accompanying thunder, then divide by __

5

An organ pipe that is open at both ends has a length is 2 m long. The pipe is then closed at one end. What is the wavelength of the fundamental frequency when this pipe is closed?

8m

Suppose you blow across bottles A, B, C, each containing a different amount of water. Rank the pitch of sound for each, from highest to lowest. Glass A: 3/4th full Glass B: 1/4th full Glass C: 1/2 full

A C B

Galileo's concept of inertia

A moving object needs no force to keep it moving

His motion experiments led to the discovery that

A moving object needs no force to keep it moving (in the absence of friction)

What is resonance?

A phenomenon in which the frequency of forced vibrations on an object matches the object's natural frequency

Transformers only work with ______

AC

DC and AC are different in that

AC charges change direction creating an electric field, and DC does not

Ear plugs make sound that reeaches the eardrum softer because they ________ incoming sound?

Absorb

Compressing or expanding a gas while no heat enters or leaves the system is an ______

Adiabatic process

The flight of a blimp best illustrates

Archimedes principle

As the balloon rises, how does the atmospheric pressure from the outside change

As it rises, the atmospheric pressure gets lower

Bernoulli's Principle

As the speed of a fluid increases, pressure of the fluid decreases

The rotational inertia of an object is greater when most of the mass is located

Away from the rotational axis (farther from the center of rotation)

If the pitch of a car appears to decrease to a lower pitch, then the car is moving towards or away from you?

Away from you

If a red rose is hit with cyan light, what will you see

BLACK cyan does not contain red, so no light will be absorbed

White light passes through a cyan filter. What colors remain?

Blue and Green

When a standing wave is set up on a string, what is true about the nodes and the fundamental frequency?

Both ends/nodes are fixed The fundamental frequency is the length of the string, and the length of the string is HALF the wavelength of the fundamental frequency

units of the magnetic field

Tesla

In a hydraulic-press operation, it is impossible for the a. Output displacement to exceed the input displacement b. Force output to exceed the force input c. Energy output to exceed the energy input d. I'll clip system speed to exceed the inputs piston speed

C. Energy output to exceed the energy input (cannot create energy)

A same-size iron ball and wooden ball are dropped simultaneously from a tower and reach the ground at the same time. The iron ball has greater a. speed b. acceleration c. momentum d. all of the above e. none of the above

C. momentum

Subtractive primary colors

CMY

When a sample of 0C water is heated, it first ______

CONTRACTS (until it reaches 4C and expands)

Which of the following is an instrument whose sound is not produced by a vibrating column of air? a. Clarinet b. Organ c. Trumpet d. Cello

Cello

If you bring a charged object near a conducting surface, electrons are made to move in the surface material, even without physical contact. What is this describing?

Charging by induction

A point charge closer or farther creates a larger value?

Closer

Doppler effect: If a car is honking and driving at the same time, the waves infront of them are

Closer together than the waves behind the car

An insulator is made of material that

DOES NOT allow electric charge to move through it easily

Is water in a confined pipe speeds up, the pressure it exerts against the inner walls of the pipe increases or decreases,?

Decreases

White light can be separated into its component colors. This is a process known as

Dispersion

Wavelength

Distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next crest, or distance between successive identical parts of the wave

When a sample of 4C water is cooled, it _____

EXPANDS (part of the water will crystallize and occupy more space)

Natural frequency is dependent on

Elasticity and shape of object

James Clerk Maxwell discovered that light is composed of what kind of waves

Electromagnetic waves

When a loop of wire is moved through a magnetic field or when magnetic field lines are moved across a loop of wire

Electrons are pushed toward one end of the wire

Kilowatt-hour is a unit of

Energy

Electromagnetic induction

If currents (moving charge) create magnetic fields, moving magnetic fields create current

What is needed to change a proportionality statement into an equation?

Include a constant of proportionality

When the distance between two stars decreases by 1/3 the force between them

Increases to nine times as much

How is voltage increased?

Increasing the number of loops of wire in a coil or increasing the speed of the magnet entering or leaving the coil

What kind of radiation do humans give off?`

Infrared

We humans cannot hear what kind of sound?

Infrasonic or ultrasonic

A proportional relationship that is represented by the symbols "a ∝ 1/b" means...

Inverse proportion

Noise

Irregular vibration

What happens to the entropy of the UNIVERSE when water freezes?

It increases

Absolute zero is based on the ______ temperature scale

Kelvin

Red light + Blue light = _____ light

Magenta

Aristotle believed that "a body in motion can..."

Maintain this motion only if it remains in contact with a mover

When you toss a projectile horizontally it curves as it falls. It will be an earth satellite if the curve it makes

Matches the curvature of the earth

Ultrasound is made of what kind of waves

Multiple reflection and refractions of ultrasonic waves

Are subtractive colors are/are not a part of the visible spectrum

NOT

The best time for digging clams (when the low tide is extra low) is during the time of the

New or full moon

Conservation of Momentum is a consequence of

Newton's Third Law

If the Moon blew up, would we hear it on Earth? Why or why not?

No, because sound waves have no medium through which to travel between Earth and the Moon

Does power output change in transformers?

No. power in=power out

What happens when the slotted conductor swings through the magnet?

Nothing

Air resistance depends on what

Objects speed and frontal surface area

When sound wave encounters a boundary, it can be _____, _____ or ______

Reflected, refracted or absorbed

The magnetic force on a moving charge is greatest when

Particle movement is PERPENDICULAR to the magnetic field lines, and there is NO force when particle movement is PARALLEL to the magnetic field

Beats are

Periodic variations in the loudness of sound due to interference

Whats the difference between a permanent and a temporary magnet?

Permanent: alignment of domains remains once external magnetic field is removed Temporary magnet: alignment of domains returns to random arrangement once external magnetic field is removed

How to increase magnetic field?

Piece of iron, increase current, increase number of coils

Musical tone has what three characteristics

Pitch, Intensity and Quality/timbre

Antinode

Point of constructive interference; regions of maximum displacement

What's the difference between energy and power

Power is the RATE at which energy is used, so its units are a unit of energy/time

If a pipe is open at both ends, the ends are then ______ and ______

Pressure nodes and displacement antinodes

Transformer equation

Primary voltage / # of primary turns = secondary voltage / # of secondary turns

Two identical golf carts move at different speeds. The faster cart has twice the speed and therefore has

QUADRUPLE the kinetic energy (remember KE = 1/2mv^2)

Magenta and yellow pigment are mixed in equal amounts on white paper and are illuminated by white light. What color is perceived by the viewer?

Red

Echolocation is made of what kind of sound?

Reflected sound

To increase an applied force while using a simple hydraulic lift, your first should be applied to the smaller or larger diameter piston

Smaller

What does it mean when sound is transmitted?

Sound waves are going through the material

A transformer is a step up if ??? Step down if ???

Step up: Number of coils in secondary is greater than primary Step down: vice versa

Dan and Sue cycle at the same speed. The tires on Dan's bike are larger in diameter than those on Sue's bike. Which wheels, if either, have the greater rotational speed?

Sue's wheels (smaller diameter wheels travel faster)

Your sensation of weight is caused by what

Support forces

A handsaw creates sound with an intensity of about 85dB. How does this compare to the sound created by normal talking? Handsaw: 85 dB Normal talking: 65 dB

Talking is 100x softer than a handsaw

Superposition principle

The displacement due to the interference of waves is determined by adding the disturbances produced by each wave

The signal of a radio is blocked out when the radio is put in a Faraday cage because

The electric field inside a Faraday cage is zero, and radio waves are made up partly of ELECTRIC fields

Suppose you have two particles with equal charge and you increase the distance between the charges by a factor of 2. what happens to the force?

The force decreases by a factor of 4

Suppose you have two particles with equal charge and you increase both charges by a factor of 2 AND increase the distance by a factor of 2. what happens to the force?

The force does not change

Suppose you have two particles with equal charge and increase one charge by a factor of two. what happens to the force?

The force increases by a factor of 2

Suppose you have two particles with equal charge and you increase both charges by a factor of 2. what happens to the force?

The force increases by a factor of 4

How does the current induced in the coil change if a stronger magnet is used?

The induced current becomes stronger

How does the current induced in the coil change if the same magnet is moved through the coil faster?

The induced current becomes stronger

If you drop a magnet through a coil of wire, north pole first, you will induce an electrical current. What happens if you drop the same magnet

The induced current will be the same but will be in the opposite direction

When a ball on a string is pulled quickly, which string breaks first?

The lower string breaks first

Which is most responsible for the earths ocean tides

The moon

If a pipe is closed at ONE end, what does this mean about the pressure and displacement nodes?

The open end = pressure node (and displacement antinodes) open = PNAD The closed end = displacement node (and a pressure antinode) closed = DNAP

An organ pipe that is open at both ends has a length is 2 m long. What happens to the pitch of the note played by this pipe when it is closed?

The pitch goes down when it is closed at one end

How does the pitch of an open pipe change if it is closed at one end?

The sound appears to have a HIGHER pitch

Birds on a power line don't experience shock because ______

Their feet are close together on the wire. The voltage difference between feet is very small, so virtually no current goes through them

A ball rolls off the edge of a table at the same time another ball drops vertically from the same table. The ball to hit the floor first is the

They both hit at the same time

What are tidal forces

Unequal forces acting on different parts of a body

The quarterback for the football up the angle of 45°. At the highest point its trajectory, what is velocity and acceleration

Velocity is zero and acceleration is non-zero

Longitudinal waves are

Vibration direction PARALLEL

Transverse waves are

Vibration direction PERPENDICULAR

Electric Potential is in _____ unit

Voltage

As the balloon rises, what happens to its volume?

Volume increases

A completely submerged object always displaces it's own

Volume of fluid

Adam sticker at the bottom and then at the top mainly because

Water pressure increases with depth

What is sound

Waves produced by vibrations of matter

For free fall, what is acceleration ALWAYS

a = 10m/s^2

If you increase the decibel by 10, you increase the intensity by _____

a FACTOR of 10

Destructive interference

When the crest if one wave overlaps the trough of another, the high part of one wave fils in the low part of another wave, and this results in a LOWER amplitude

Constructive interference

When the crest of one wave overlaps with the crest of another, they add and their amplitude is increased

Does the doppler effect occur when the observer is moving and the source is stationary?

Yes, the effect is the same

A vibration is

a rapid back and forth movement

A golf ball rolls across the grass, coming to a stop just before reaching the hole. How would Galileo have interpreted this behavior? a. Because it encounters friction from the grass, the ball slows to a stop. b. Once the ball loses contact with the club that hit it, it no longer has a force to maintain its motion. c. The ball is seeking its natural state, to be at rest. d .The ball encounters opposition from the air, causing it to slow to a stop.

a. Because it encounters friction from the grass, the ball slows to a stop

Newton was the first to realize that a. Gravity pulls on an apple in the same way that gravity pulls on the moon b. Gravity is a force that obeys his three laws c. Gravity pulls objects to the ground d. Gravity pulls an apple to the ground, but gravity does not pull on the moon in the same way because if it did the moon would crash into the earth

a. Gravity pulls on an apple in the same way that gravity pulls on the moon

Which of the following illustrates water experiencing an increase in entropy? a. Liquid water evaporating into steam b. Liquid water freezing c. Liquid water cooling down, but remaining a liquid d. None of the above

a. Liquid water evaporating into steam

The ideal gas law states that PV = nRT where P = pressure, V = volume, n = number of moles, T = temp and R is a constant. This relationship states that when other parameters (n,R,T) are held constant... a. pressure is directly proportional to volume b. pressure is inversely proportional to volume c. None of the above.

a. Pressure is directly proportional to volume

When astronaut on the international space station experiences weightlessness they are a. Still under the influence of earths gravity b. Beyond the pull of earths gravity c. Experience a zero net force because the force on them from the earth equals the force on them from the moon

a. Still under the influence of earths gravity

The magnetic field of the Earth acts as if it originates from a giant bar magnet within the Earth. Which of the following statements about the Earth's magnetic field is true? a. The Earth's north geographic pole is a magnetic south pole. b. The south magnetic pole of the Earth is located at the Earth's geographic South Pole. c. The Earth's magnetic field is vertical at the equator. d. The Earth's magnetic field is stronger at the equator than it is at the poles. e. none of these statements are true.

a. The Earth's north geographic pole is a magnetic south pole.

You are sitting on an airplane that is landing. When the plane touches down, strong brakes are applied to greatly reduce its speed. In the process, you feel yourself moving forward relative to your seat on the plane. Why? a. Your body is continuing to move forward as it was before the brakes were applied. b. Your natural state is to be at rest, and your inertia is resisting that. c. Your body is resisting the transition from the element of air to earth. d. There is a force on you from your seat, pushing you forward.

a. Your body is continuing to move forward as it was before the brakes were applied.

A wire that is carrying current has a magnetic field around it because a. a moving charge produces a magnetic field of its own. b. the metal was magnetic before the current was established, and the current enhanced the magnetic effect. c. the current aligns the magnetic domains in the metal of the wire. d. None of the above is correct.

a. a moving charge produces a magnetic field of its own.

A skydiver's terminal velocity will be greatest if she falls a. head first b. lying on her back c. lying on her stomach d. with her parachute open

a. head first

If an object has no acceleration, then we can say for certain that it is a. in equilibrium b. moving at a constant, nonzero velocity c. at rest

a. in equilibrium

Magnetic fields affect a. only electric charges in motion. b. both electric charges in motion and electric charges at rest. c. only electric charges at rest. d. neither electric charges in motion nor electric charges at rest.

a. only electric charges in motion

A magnetic force acting on a moving beam of electrons can change a. only the direction of the beam. b. only the kinetic energy of the electrons. c. both the direction and the kinetic energy. d. neither the direction and the kinetic energy.

a. only the direction of the beam

A boy pushes off the ground with his foot. He and the skateboard accelerate down the sidewalk due to the force of a. the ground exerts against his foot. b. he exerts against the ground. c. between the skateboard wheels and the ground.

a. the ground exerts against his foot.

Two different hypotheses are developed to explain why balls bounce. Experiments using basketballs show each hypothesis works equally well. To decide which one is more likely to be correct, you could a. try an experiment using baseballs. b. find out which one was developed by the more educated person. c. ask three physicists and choose the hypothesis that got the most votes. d. use the one that involved more mathematics. e. Any of the above could be done.

a. try an experiment using baseballs

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes are sensitive to (ie we can see) is a. visible light. b. radio waves. c. infrared light. d. gamma rays. e. More than one of the above.

a. visible light.

Subtractive colors are created by

absorbing (subtracting) some colors and reflecting others (start with white)

When an object moves fast enough, air resistance builds up to equal gravity. When this happens, what is their acceleration

acceleration is zero and they fall with a constant speed

When launching rockets into the sky, the rockets which will reach the greatest maximum height are solely dependent on ____________, and independent of ___________

acceleration, mass

Additive colors are created by

adding color to black

Light is _____ and pigment is ______

additive, subtractive

The color white is made up of

all colors

The center of gravity of an object a. always lies outside the object b. May or may not lie inside the object c. Always lies inside the object d. Is near the center of mass

b. May or may not lie inside the object

A golf ball rolls across the grass, coming to a stop just before reaching the hole. How would Aristotle have interpreted this behavior? a. The ball encounters opposition from the air, causing it to slow to a stop. b. The ball is seeking its natural state, to be at rest. c. Because it encounters friction from the grass, the ball slows to a stop. d. Once the ball loses contact with the club that hit it, it no longer has a force to maintain its motion.

b. The ball is seeking its natural state to be at rest

When a watermelon is in free fall, its ______ is constant a. velocity b. acceleration c. distance moved each second d. none of the above

b. acceleration

The magnetic field lines about a current-carrying wire formI a. radial lines. b. circles. c. spirals. d. eddy currents.

b. circles

When dishes remain on a table when you yank away a tablecloth, you're illustrating a. ΣF = 0 b. inertia. c. friction. d. constant motion.

b. inertia

A standing wave is produced by reflected waves undergoing a. changes in frequency b. interference c. changes in amplitude d. doppler shifts

b. interference

Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the mathematical relationship between the net force on an object (F), its mass (m), and its acceleration (a) is F = ma. In this relationship, acceleration is _____ to its mass. a. directly proportional b. inversely proportional c. None of the above.

b. inversely proportional

Sound travels fastest in a. air b. steel c. a vacuum d. water e. same speed in all the above

b. steel

A boulder falls due to gravity. The reaction to the force on the boulder is a. air resistance. b. the boulder pulling up on the Earth. c. the boulder being pulled by downward by Earth.

b. the boulder pulling up on the earth

A ball is thrown upwards and returns to the same location. Compared with its initial speed its speed when it returns is about a. half as much. b. the same. c. twice as much. d four times as much

b. the same

What happens to the poles of a magnetic if you break the magnet in half? a. A current is induced in the magnet. b. The north and south poles are separated, creating two magnetic monopoles. c. Two new magnets are created, each with a north and south pole. d. The magnetic field lines break, releasing energy.

c. Two new magnets are created, each with a north and south pole.

The electromagnetic spectrum is a span of electromagnetic waves ranging from very low to very high frequencies. Which of the following occupies the smallest percentage of the electromagnetic spectrum a. Radio Waves b. Microwaves c. Visible light d. Gamma rays e. X-rays

c. Visible light

You are moving a grocery cart at a constant speed in a straight line down the aisle of a grocery store. In this situation, the forces on the cart are a. unbalanced, with the net force being in the direction of movement. b. equal to the force of gravity acting on the cart. c. balanced, with a net force of zero. d. greater than than the frictional forces opposing the motion of the cart.

c. balanced, with a net force of zero.

Water at 4C will expand when it is slightly a. warmed b. coooled c. both

c. both

And egg rest at the bottom of a bowl filled with water. When salt is slowly added to the water the egg rises and floats for which we conclude a. Salt water is denser than freshwater b. Salt water is denser than an egg c. both a and b

c. both a and b

If the sun were twice as massive a. It's pull on earth with double b. The pull of the earth on the sun with double c. Both of these

c. both of these

The use of inclined planes for Galileo's experiments helped him to a. discover the concept of energy b. eliminate the acceleration of free fall. c. discover the property called inertia. d. discover the concept of momentum

c. discover the property called inertia.

If an object falling freely were somehow equipped with an odometer to measure the distance it travels, then the amount of distance it travels each succeeding second would be a. constant. b. less and less each second. c. greater than the second before. d. doubled.

c. greater than the second before.

The density of us emerge separate at rest is about the same as the density of a. iron b. a floating submarine c. water

c. water

Your friend says that impulse equals momentum. Your friend's statement is not correct, and the missing word is

change

If an object moves with constant acceleration, its velocity must

change by the same amount each second

Condensation

change of phase from gas --> liquid (opposite of evaporation)

Sublimation

change of phase from solid --> gas

A voltage will be induced in a wire loop when the magnetic field within that loop

changes

A charged rod polarizes bits of paper, paper becomes attracted to the rod. This is an example of

charge polarization

Resistors are

circuit elements that regulate current inside electrical devices

As an electric field becomes stronger, the field lines should be drawn

closer together

The areas of increased pressure on a sound wave are known as

compression

Areas of high sound wave particles are known as

compressions

Phil leans over the edge of a cliff and throws a rock upward at 5 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, one second later the rock's speed is a. zero b. 5 m/s c. 10 m/s d. 15 m/s

d. 15 m/s

A bar magnet and an electrically polarized object are placed next to each other on a table. What happens? a. The object and magnet accelerate toward each other until they touch and then they repel. b. The positive part of the object turns toward the north pole of the magnet. c. The positive part of the object turns toward the south pole of the magnet. d. Nothing happens

d. Nothing happens

A prism separates the colors of sunlight into a spectrum because a. each wavelength of light has its own index of refraction. b. longer wavelengths are refracted more than shorter wavelengths. c. red light is refracted the most, violet the least. d. all of the above are correct.

d. all are correct

Hubble's Law states that the farther a galaxy is away from us, the faster it is moving. This is referred to as a scientific LAW because a. the idea that the Universe is expanding was predicted by the Big Bang Theory, and once a theory is observationally confirmed it becomes a law. b. scientific observations cannot be argued, just as laws (in the legal sense) cannot be argued. c. a hypothesis that such a relationship existed was first theoretically proposed, then tested by other means; once the theory of the expanding Universe had not failed any further testing, it became a law. d. it states only an observed relationship between two quantities, but does not necessarily explain why the relationship exists.

d. it states only an observed relationship between two quantities, but does not necessarily explain why the relationship exists.

Which of these will roll down an incline fastest? a. hoop b. hollow ball c. disk d. solid ball

d. solid ball (object with mass close to center of rotation)

As you go up in elevation, the atmospheric pressure

decreases

Two balls collide. Ball A collides with Ball B at rest. What happens to the momentum of Ball A?

decreases

When the wind speeds up as it blows over the top of a hill, the atmospheric pressure thereq

decreases

When wind speeds up as it blows over the top of a hill, atmospheric pressure there increases, decreases, or isnt affected

decreases

When you squeeze in airfield party balloon you increase its Weight, density, volume, mass?

density

The direction of the electrical force between any two charged objects is

dependent on the sign of the charge on each object

A magnetic force can change the particles ____

direction ONLY

The equation for momentum is p=mv. How is momentum related to mass ?

directly proportional

The equation for an accelerating object starting from rest is ...

distance = 1/2 x a x t^2

Wavelength of sound is

distance between successive compressions and rarefactions

A positive charge is brought near a bar magnet and is released from rest. The magnetic force on the charge a. can only be attracted toward the N pole of the magnet. b. can only be attracted toward the S pole of the magnet. c. can be attracted to either pole of the magnet, depending which it is closer to. d. will be repeled by either pole of the magnet. e. There is no magnetic force on the charge.

e. There is no magnetic force on the charge.

Speed of sound is slowest in _____

gases

A book is sitting on the edge of a tall shelf. As it falls, its ____ energy is changed into ____ energy

gravitational, kinetic

The more coils a transformer's secondary wire has, the (greater/weaker) current it has

greater

The more coils a transformer's secondary wire has, the (greater/weaker) the voltage output

greater

If the mass of the earth somehow increased with no change in radius, your weight would increase or decrease?

increase

As a skydiver falls faster and faster through the air, air resistance ____, net force ______ and acceleration __________

increases, decreases, decreases

An iron cannonball and a tennis ball are dropped at the same time from the top of a building: Ignoring air resistance, at the instant before the balls hit the sidewalk, the heavier cannonball has greater a. kinetic energy b. velocity c. acceleration d. all the same

kinetic (NOT velocity or acceleration because these are the same for all objects in free fall)

To say that body A has a higher temperature than body B is to say that body A has more

kinetic energy per particle

A roller coaster coasts up a hill and slows down as ___________ energy is changed into ________ energy

kinetic, gravitational potential

When Josh applies the brakes to stop his bike, the brake pads change ________ energy into _____ energy

kinetic, thermal

A light person and a heavy person wish to parachute at equal terminal velocities. To do this, the heavier person use a parachute that is ____ than that of the lighter person.

larger

Statements describing how nature is observed to behave consistently time after time are called scientific....

laws

When a 20N object encounters 5N of air resistance, its acceleration is (less than/equal to/greater than) g?

less than g

Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is ___________.

less than that of plants

When an object is pushed across the floor at an increasing speed, the amount of friction between the object and the floor is

less than the pushing force

When two identical lamps in a parallel circuit are connected, the total resistance is ____

less than the resistance of EITHER lamp

To impress his friends while riding on a carnival Ferris wheel, Prankster Paul gets out of his chair and climbs along the spoke of the wheel toward its center while the wheel continues in uniform motion. While climbing toward the center, Paul's linear speed ____ and his rotational speed ____.

linear speed DECREASES and his rotational speed STAYS THE SAME

A wave with motion in the SAME direction as the direction that the wave is moving is classified as

longitudinal wave

The boiling point is _____ in places with a lower atmospheric pressure

lower

Node is

point of DESTRUCTIVE interference, regions of minimal or zero displacement

Can you stand on tiptoes on a bathroom scale there is an increase in the _______

pressure

In math and science the symbol "∝" has a meaning of

proportional to

If there's a color light that is not consistent with the color of the object, then the red ball will not _____ light and the ball will appear ____

reflect any black

A pencil is placed in a glass of water. The pencil appears to be bent. This is an example of

refraction

When steam condenses to water, energy is (released/absorbed) by the steam

released

Two balls collide. Ball A collides with Ball B at rest. Upon collision, the combined momentum of A+B ______

remains unchanged (because the increase in momentum of ball B and decrease in momentum of Ball A cancel each other)

The basic idea between an electrical generator is to create a current in a loop of wire by

rotating the wire in magnetic field

Consider two tubes filled with water at the same height, one with freshwater and the other with salt water. The pressure is greater at the bottom of the tube with _____.

saltwater

What happens to the brightness of the light build when more than one bulb is connected in series?

the bulbs become dimmer

Timbre is

the color of sound/quality

A light person and a heavy person jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will have a lower terminal velocity?

the light person

Sound from a moving source is

the doppler effect

Two identical freight cars roll without friction towards each other on a level track. One car rolls at 2 m/s and the other car rolls at 1 m/s. After the cars collide, they couple and roll together with a speed of

the faster car

No work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls along a bowling alley because

the gravitational force on the ball is not in the same direction that it moves

A charged comb attracts bits of neutral dust in the air. This happens because

the paper becomes polarized

When comparing the currents of series vs parallel circuits, the ____ circuit has a lower current than the _____ circuit

the parallel the series circuit

Timbre is determined by

the presence and relative intensity of the various partials

A ball is tossed into a bale of hay and comes to a stop. If instead, it comes to a stop when hitting a sticky solid wall, the impulse needed to stop it is

the same

A lunar vehicle is tested on Earth at a speed of 10 km/h. When it travels at the same speed on the moon, its momentum is

the same (mass doesnt change)

Suppose you are standing on a scale an elevator that is moving down a constant speed. The reading on the scale is ___ the reading when you are stationary

the same as

A ____ is a working hypothesis, based on experimental evidence that has not failed any crucial tests of its validity

theory

A wave with motion PERPENDICULAR to the direction that the wave is moving is classified as a

transverse wave

A 1000kg and a 2000kg car are hoisted up. In comparison to the lighter car, the heavier car requires how much more work?

twice

To correct a hyperopia (farsightedness), a corrective lens produces a (virtual/real) image at the person's (far point/near point)

virtual, near point

In parallel circuits, the ____ stays the same across each device

voltage

As a balloon rises higher and higher into the atmosphere, its ____ increases

volume (density decreases)

When sound is REFLECTED

wave bounces off, called an ECHO

When sound is ABSORBED

wave energy is transferred to the boundary and the wave goes away or is lessened

When the doppler source is moving toward you, the wave fronts are closer together, making you perceive a smaller ______ and hence a higher _______

wavelength, frequency

Weight is ...

weight = m x g

A hockey puck is sliding across the ice with a constant speed covering 20m in 2s. During this time, acceleration is

zero

The electric field inside a hollow conductor is

zero

When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is

zero

When a conductor is in electrostatic equilibrium, the net electric field inside is ____

zero think Faradays cage

A rock is thrown straight up. When it reaches its highest point, velocity is _______ and acceleration is ________

zero, nonzero