HCAD 750 Exam 2

Computer technology has ushered in what has been called the

"Information Age"

Database management system (DBMS) data dictionary

Computer software that enables the user to create, modify, delete, and view the data in a database

Explicit Knowledge

Knowledge that is easily communicated and stored; Procedure manuals, research results, clinical guidelines, policies, computer programs, and training manuals

Integrity constraint

Limits placed on the data that may be entered into a database

It is imperative that healthcare professionals become

discerning yet skilled users of computer technology in order to apply the principles of health informatics to practice and to contribute to the profession's ever-growing body of knowledge

Computer Science offers:

extremely valuable tools that, if used skillfully, can facilitate the acquisition and manipulation of data and information by healthcare professionals, who can then synthesize these into an evolving knowledge and wisdom base

Wide access to vast stores of information and knowledge shared by others

facilitates the emergence of wisdom in users; this can be applied to our disciplines in meaningful and creative ways

Productivity, creativity, and communicative software tools can enable

healthcare professionals to work with computers to further foster knowledge acquisition and development

Computers store the data

in memory components

The easiest way to begin to understand computers is to realize they are

input-output systems

What is the purpose of "clinical analytics" or "business intelligence" solutions?

(contemporary terms) Applications designed to extract useful properties from data to enable analysis and use of data to support clinical and organizational performance improvement. There is a strong IM component to these functions as the data must be fit for use, available, and understandable to users.

Five stages of the information life cycle

1. Creation and receipt: dictation via speech recognition 2. Distribution: release of information and HIE 3. Use: clinical care decisions 4. Maintenance: coding and indexing health data 5. Disposition: retention Planning

Information Theory

A branch of applied mathematics and electrical engineering and involves the quantification of information

Data Quality Model

A managerial process that ensures the integrity (accuracy and completeness) of an organization's data during data collection, application, warehousing, and analysis; also called data management model

Information Age

An age when data, information, and knowledge are both accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history

Enterprise master patient index (EMPI)

An index that provides access to multiple repositories of information from overlapping patient populations that are maintained in separate systems and databases

System Catalog

An integrated data dictionary (which is a component of a database management system) that generally contains information on data tables and relationships in addition to data definitions

Classification and metadata:

Classification is a critical component of records management. though not a unique point in the lifecycle, it does support the other phases. record classification creates categories or groups of records necessary for access, retrieval, retention, and disposition of records

Referential integrity

Concept that involves constraints placed on the primary and foreign keys within the database

Record audit and data controls:

Controls and audits support a variety of phases in the record lifecycle. Functions and processes in this component of records management may include edit checks at the data level, decision support tools, identification of classes of records that require auditing and checks for record completeness

Record Creation, Capture, or Receipt

Creating, editing, and reviewing work in process as well as capture of content or receipt of content

Attribute

Data elements within an entity that become the column of field names when the entity relationship diagram is implemented as a relational database Properties or characteristics of concepts

A computer is an

Electronic information-processing machine that serves as a tool to manipulate data and information

Enterprise Information Management (EIM)

Ensuring the value of information assets, requiring an organization wide perspective of information management functions; it calls for explicit structures, policies, processes, technology, and controls

Metadata:

Generated at various points in the records management lifecycle, providing underlying data to describe the document, specify access controls and rights, provide retention and disposition instructions, and maintain the record history and audit trail

Information Governance

Information governance is ensuring that patient and organizational data are sustained and protected to minimize risk and advance value. Information governance may be viewed as a stewardship duty.

The two primary input devices on a computer are the

Keyboard and Mouse

Input Devices Include

Keyboard or mouse Joysticks Game controllers or pads Webcameras A stylus Image scanners Other plug-and-play devices (digital camera, digital video recorder, MP3 player, electronic musical instrument, or physiologic monitor)

Foundation of Knowledge Model

Model that proposes that humans are organic information systems constantly acquiring, processing, and generating information or knowledge in both their professional and personal lives.

Record Maintenance and Use:

Once records are created, they must be maintained in such a way that they are accessible and retrievable. Components of this phase include functions, rules, and protocols for indexing, searching, retrieving, processing, routing, and distributing.

Measure applications partnership (MAP)

Performance measures that will be used in public reporting and performance-based payment programs are outlined and described

Tacit Knowledge

Personal knowledge that is not easily communicated or stored; Employee skills, judgment, experience and guiding principles

Record preservation and retention:

Preservation is synonymous with storage. Issues associated with preservation include: technology and media obsolescence, media degradation, media in an archival system, conversion over time, and conversion of standards over time.

Name three processes that you would expect to see in a place for information integrity and quality in an organization with an EIM culture.

Standards and definitions for data capture; protocols for monitoring system upgrades for end-to-end impact on data; error correction and amendment processes.

Health Data Stewardship

Stewardship is the responsible management of something entrusted to one's care. Healthcare organizations are entrusted with managing patient data, and that responsibility is best performed if the organization's stewardship values are laid out.

Information Management (IM)

The acquisition, organization, analysis, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information to support decision-making activities

Information life cycle

The cycle of gathering, recording, processing, storing, sharing, transmitting, retrieving, and deleting information

Data

The dates, numbers, images, symbols, letters, and words that represent basic facts and observations about people, processes, measurements, and conditions

Information Integrity

The dependability or trustworthiness of information. It concerns more than data quality or data accuracy—it encompasses the entire framework in which information is recorded, processed, and used

Data Integrity

The extent to which healthcare data are complete, accurate, consistent, and timely A security principle that keeps information from being modified or otherwise corrupted either maliciously or accidentally

Database administrator (DBA) or data administrator (DA)

The individual responsible for the technical aspects of designing and managing databases

Knowledge

The information, understanding, and experience that give individuals the power to make informed decisions

Documentation

The methods and activities of collecting, coding, ordering, storing, and retrieving information to fulfill future tasks

Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI)

The process an organization undertakes that will improve clinical specificity and documentation that will allow coders to assign more concise disease classification codes

Knowledge Management

The process by which data are acquired and transformed into information through the application of context, which in turn provides understanding A management philosophy that promotes an integrated and collaborative approach to the process of information asset creation, capture, organization, access, and use

Authorization Management

The process of protecting the security and privacy of the confidential data in a database

Data Quality

The reliability and effectiveness of data for its intended uses in operations, decision making, and planning

Stewardship

The responsible management of something entrusted to one's care

Information Science

The study of the nature and principles of information

Data Map

The term that describes the connections, or paths, between classifications and vocabularies (crosswalk)

Throughput/Processing components

Uses specific software, depending on the application and data involved

Computers accept data input via

a variety of devices

Discernment and the ability to critique and filter this information must

be present to facilitate the further development of wisdom

Scholars and researchers are just beginning to understand the effect that

computer systems, architecture, applications, and processes have on the potential for knowledge acquisition and development

The computer monitor

is a unique example of a visible throughput component because it is the part of the computer focused on the most when users are working on a computer

Computers process data through

logical and arithmetic rendering

Inputted data can be visualized and accessed by

manipulating the mouse and keyboard, but the monitor receives the users attention

For knowledge to emerge, the deluge of information available via computers must be

mastered and organized by the user

The field of computer science is

one of the fastest growing disciplines

Patient-centered medical home (PCMH)

program to provide comprehensive primary care that partners physicians with the patient and their family to allow better access to healthcare and improved outcomes

Users are able to disseminate knowledge on a grand scale with others via

the World Wide Web interface

The monitor is critical for

the efficient rendering during this part of the cycle, because it facilitates user access and control of the data and information

Input Components

the origin or medium used to input text, visual, audio, or multimedia data into the computer system for viewing, listening, manipulating, creating, or editing

Users are able to contribute to the development of knowledge through

the use of productivity, creativity, and communication software

Computers output data and information

to the user