Drugs and Behavior Final Exam
The principal psychoactive agent in cannabis was isolated in what year?
1964
LSD use in the United States began to decline in the 1970s and did not increase again until when?
1990's
The roots of psychopharmacology are based in what century?
19th
For how many days in a menstrual cycle do women take birth control pills that contain active ingredients?
21
What is the minimum dose of LSD required for a user to experience effects?
25 micrograms
Hunt, Barnett, and Branch (1971) showed that what percentage of the individuals treated for alcohol, tobacco, or heroin abuse in abstinence-oriented programs had returned to their primary substance use three months after treatment?
70
A sudden reoccurrence of a hallucinogenic experience is called what?
A flashback
What is the main drawback to the medical use of cannabis and THC synthetics?
A variety of regulatory barriers
What self-help group for alcohol abusers that was founded by Dr. Bob and Bill W.?
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
Which of the following is found in plants such as Jimson weed, deadly nightshade, and mandrake?
Atropine
Which of the following birth control strategies has the lowest failure rate?
Birth control pill
What is the most common physiological effect of marijuana?
Blood-shot eyes
Overall, what is treatment of those who misuse or become dependent on drugs designed to do?
Change behavior patterns of individuals and families
Which of the following is a short-acting hallucinogen generally administered in the form of a snuff or a tea?
DMT
Which of the following benzodiazepines has the longest half-life?
Dalmane
How do high doses of marijuana affect a person's sleep?
Decrease in REM sleep
According to the predominant theory regarding the action of antipsychotics, psychosis is induced by increased levels of what kind of activity?
Dopaminergic
Marijuana's effects on psychomotor activity and performance appear to be related to what?
Dosage
Which of the following terms best reflects a person who is addicted to meth and has an anxiety disorder?
Dual-diagnosis
Before meeting FDA approval, over-the-counter drugs must be recognized as generally safe and what else?
Effective
Drug therapeutic communities are most often run by which of the following?
Ex-addicts
Activation of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor is thought to be the key factor in producing auditory hallucinations. T or F
False
Anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of endorphin. T or F
False
Emergency contraception pills prevent pregnancy by administering high doses of testosterone. T or F
False
Having an Italian dinner with cheese-filled ravioli and Chianti wine would present a health risk for a person using a tricyclic antidepressant.
False
In order to be cost effective, a person with a substance use disorder must remain in outpatient treatment for at least three months. T or F
False
Kava is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the pineal gland. T or F
False
One flaw in the Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008 is that it does not require a patient to meet with a physician face-to-face in order to obtain a prescription. T or F
False
Over 90% of the patients receiving antipsychotic medication experience extrapyramidal side effects. T or F
False
PPA is a widely used over-the-counter sleeping medication. T or F
False
Phencyclidine produces vivid visual hallucinations. T or F
False
Research has shown that lithium and the benzodiazepines are safe to take during pregnancy. T or F
False
The therapeutic effects of cyclics and MAOIs usually occur within hours of administration. T or F
False
There are no side effects associated with aspirin. T or F
False
Depressant drugs like barbiturates and benzodiazepines influence which neurotransmitter system?
GABA
Individuals with genetic polymorphism in what receptor tend to be more responsive to naltrexone's effects on alcohol use?
GABA
PCP is thought to act by influencing receptors for what neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
Which of the following played a key role in the expansion of drug treatment services during the 1980s?
Growth of crack cocaine use
Which substance is a concentrated liquid marijuana extract derived from the cannabis plant by using solvents?
Hash oil
What is one of the advantages of using LAAM instead of methadone to treat heroin addicts?
Higher compliance
Who discovered that nitrous oxide could be used in anesthesia?
Horace Wells
Which of the following has been reported as a result of marijuana use?
Impotence
Halfway houses are an example of what kind of setting?
Intermediate
Which of the following is true of GHB?
It was first used as an anesthetic.
What drug is regularly used in veterinary medicine?
Ketamine
Which of the following herbal substances has opiate-like qualities?
Kratom
The effects of antipsychotic medications on what part of the brain serve to moderate or blunt emotional arousal?
Limbic system
Which of the following effects is associated with the anticholinergic hallucinogens but not the psychedelics?
Loss of memory for the experience
Users of what substance must avoid most cheeses and some alcoholic beverages in their diets?
MAOIs
Which of the following drugs has been associated with long-term deficits in serotonin activity?
MDMA
Which of the following is a methylated amphetamine?
MDMA
Which of the following is a sympathomimetic drug?
MDMA
What is the difference between LSD and MDMA?
MDMA does not produce visual hallucinations
What is the last stage of the stages of change model?
Maintenance
Which of the following is a hormone-based product that can be used as a sleep aid?
Melatonin
Which of the following drugs comes from a mushroom?
Mescaline
Two types of THC receptors , CB1 and CB2 , have been identified . CB1 receptors are located predominantly in brain areas that control memory, cognition, the motor system, and what else?
Mood
Which of the following is a commonly reported consequence of marijuana use?
More intense sexual pleasure
Which of the following is a barbiturate?
Nembutal
Birth control drugs provide women how much protection from STIs?
None
Research has clearly shown that marijuana use can result in irreversible, long-term damage to how many systems in the body?
None
Salvia is inactive when taken how?
Orally
The combination birth control pill acts by what process?
Preventing ovulation
A person who has difficulty sleeping after they stop taking barbiturates for a short time is experiencing what kind of insomnia?
Rebound
Symptoms of benzodiazepine withdrawal include which one of the following?
Rebound insomnia
Which term best reflects the treatment that occurs in self-help groups for substance use disorders?
Reciprocal
Which of the following is an effect of barbiturates?
Respiratory depression
Hasmik is a coordinator for a substance use disorder self-help group, yet she has never struggled with alcohol herself. For what self-help group is she a coordinator?
SMART
LSD is thought to act in the brain by influencing what neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
In what approach is a person's withdrawal monitored by professional staff in a treatment setting, but no drugs are administered?
Social detoxification
Which step in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) involves a stable one-to-one relationship between a member who is more sober and a member who is less sober?
Sponsorship
Warning labels and restrictions have been put in place for administering antidepressants to children due to an increased risk of what?
Suicide
People who see sounds as colors have what condition?
Synesthesia
During the Prohibition era in New York City, where were marijuana users able to smoke?
Tea-pads
When do marijuana's effects on speech (i.e., rapid or slurred speech, circumstantial talk, and loquaciousness) occur?
The early stages of use
Which of the following is TRUE about self-help groups?
They are led by group leaders who have recovered
Which of the following is TRUE of depressant drugs?
They show cross-tolerance
Followers of Chinese emperor Shen Nung at around 2800 b.c. used marijuana for what purpose?
To counter the influence of evil spirits
Ma Huang, or ephedra, is a supplement commonly used for what purpose until it was banned for OTC sales in 2004?
To suppress appetite
Acetaminophen lacks the anti-inflammatory action of aspirin. T or F
True
Birth control pills are associated with increased risk of heart attack and stroke. T or F
True
Brief interventions tend to be most effective for individuals with mild to moderate alcohol problems. T or F
True
Ecstasy causes damage to serotonergic neurons. T or F
True
GHB is thought to be a natural neurotransmitter. T or F
True
Most committee reports have come to the conclusion that marijuana use is not particularly harmful to the user or to society at large. T or F
True
People generally learn how to feel high from smoking marijuana. T or F
True
Recent research suggests that marijuana use increases risk for psychotic behavior. T or F
True
Substance-use problems in women tend to develop faster than they do in men. T or F
True
THC metabolites can be detected in the bloodstream at least 30 days following ingestion of a single dose. T or F
True
Teeth grinding is a common side effect of using Ecstasy. T or F
True
When you have a headache, you take an aspirin. What did early Native Americans take when they had a headache?
Willow bark
Which of the following pairs indicate the lowest and highest effects of depressant drugs as dosage increases?
anxiety relief; death
Which of the following is a regulatory issue potentially limiting research into medical applications of marijuana?
classification of the drug as a Class I substance
Based on current research findings showing limited effectiveness of cannabis, which of the following medical uses of marijuana warrants additional study?
improving symptoms of PTSD
What drug is an opiate antagonist that may help in recovery from alcohol dependence?
naltrexone
The effects of antipsychotic medications on what part of the brain generally moderate spontaneous activity and decrease reactivity to stimuli?
reticular activating system
What term refers to the resolution of a problem without the use of formal treatment?
spontaneous remission
